Eco Hvar

Prskanje protiv insekata: praksa 'zamagljivanja'

Hoću li se zateći vozeći se kroz toksičnu maglu kemikalija ako uhvatim trajekt u 20:30 iz Splita? To je bilo moje pitanje u srijedu 27. rujna 2017. godine. Akcija 'zamagljivanja' za suzbijanje insekata se trebala provoditi na području Općine Jelsa s početkom u 22 sata i trajati do 4 sata ujutro.

Ubijanje nije riješenje. Ubijanje nije riješenje. Vivian Grisogono

Dolazeći u Stari Grad u 22:30 te večeri, mogla sam se naći direktno iza vozila za "zamagljivanje" ako bi smo se slučajno našli na istom putu za Pitve. Znajući kakvo sredstvo je bio korišten 2017. godine, pomisao na to, da bi se u njemu trebala zateći nije bila ni malo privlačna. Jedne večeri 2012. godine, vraćala sam se prema svom autu na parkiralištu u Hvaru, kada sam iznenada začula snažan zvuk šištanja i opazila ogroman kombi, kojem je iz oba prozora izlazio magloviti oblak. Iza kombija je bio automobil i motocikl, kao i skupina pješaka. Budući da je vozilo za 'zamagljivanje' napuštalo grad, u koloni iza njega vozilo se još nekoliko automobila. S obzirom da na ovom djelu ceste nije moguće pretjecati, svi su se vukli za njim uzbrdo u tužnoj koloni 'kupajući' se u vrtlogu toksina. Budući da se točna ruta i vrijeme kretanja vozila za "zamagljivanje" ne objavljuju, nije moguće isplanirati gdje ćemo se nalaziti kako bi izbjegli prskanje ako se zateknemo vani tijekom te noći.

'Zamagljivanje', grad Hvar 30. srpnja 2012. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Program za suzbijanje insekata je definitivno uzaludan

Ujutro nakon ovog rujanskog 'zamagljivanja' imamo u Pitvama lijep sunčan dan. Vrabac sjedi na mojoj ogradi i izgleda nekako bez volje. Jesu li mu možda poubijali doručak? Kad bolje pogledam, vidim svugdje naokolo rojeve insakata. Mnogo mušica i komaraca najnormalnije nastavljaju svoje aktivnosti u punoj snazi. Očigledno je pokušaj suzbijanja propao. Ali kolika je kolateralna šteta? Osobna iskustava iz programa suzbijanja insekata pokazuju, da su komarci koji prežive otporni, ljuti i sve virulentniji. Otrov neizbježno stvara promjene u njihovim sustavima. I da ne zaboravimo neželjene posljedice na insekte, koji nisu ciljana skupina, posebice pčele.

Ugriz komaraca je OK?

U Hrvatskoj je godišnje od komaraca ugrizeno nekoliko tisuće ljudi. Prema službenim statistikama, bolesti uzrokovane ugrizom komaraca nisu nikakav problem. Na primjer onih nekoliko izoliranih slučajeva malarije i denga groznice su uglavnom uvezene, obično od pomoraca, koji se vraćaju iz tropskih zemalja. U zemljama u kojima su bolesti uzrokovane ugrizom komaraca endemske, iskustvo je pokazalo, da je pokušaj suzbijanja insekata insekticidima nedjelotvoran i kontraproduktivan jer brzo postaju otporni na svaki otrov, koji se koristi.

Komarac u akciji. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Ugrizi komaraca su iritantni, ali velika većina ne uzrokuje bolest. Iritacija nije razlog za uklanjanje cijele vrste, čak i ako bi to bilo moguće. Svakako i nije moguće i upotreba pesticida jednostavno samo povećava broj štetnika, nikako ih ne smanjuje. Prije sam bila vrlo osjetljiva na ugriz komaraca, sada više nisam. Promjena se dogodila kada sam počela uzimati vitamin B kao dodatak prehrani. I dalje me grizu komarci, ali ugriz ne uzrokuje značajnije iritacije i mjesto ugriza zacijeli vrlo brzo. Možda to neće biti rješenje sa svih, ali zasigurno je pomoglo mnogim ljudima, koje poznajem.

Ugriz komaraca, Pitve, 28. rujna 2017. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

'Zamagljivanje' na Hvaru

Rute 'zamagljivanja' se ne objavljuju. Ono što možemo reći mi u udruzi Eco Hvar, jer smo to vidjeli vlastitim očima je, da vozilo odlazi iz grada Hvara po cesti uz policijsku postaju; prolazi cestom kroz Vitarnju između Jelse i Vrboske; prolazi kroz Gornje Pitve prema tunelu za Zavalu. Kako prolazi kroz gornje Pitve, ide vrlo blizu kuća, koje se nalaze uz cestu, prskajući otrov na određenoj visini. Otrovi stoga dospiju do parkiranih automobila, kontejnera za smeće, terase na kojima se igraju djeca i obitelji uživaju u zajedničkom ručku, u vrtove sa voćem, povrćem, sa pilićima i kozama, u vinske podrume, trgovine sa hranom, kuhinje, dnevne boravke i spavaće sobe. S obzirom, da upozorenje objavljeno na oglasnoj ploči Općinskog Doma u Jelsi obično nitko ni ne primijeti i ljetne večeri su vruće, mnogi ljudi ne zatvaraju svoje grilje.

Ulaz u Gornje Pitve
Put kroz sredinu Gornjih Pitava
Cesta koja vodi prema tunelu Pitve-Zavala

Čak i ako izbjegnemo izravan kontakt sa vozilom za 'zamagljivanje', ne možemo izbjeći kontakt sa otrovima. Udišemo ih, ulaze u naša tijela kroz dodir sa našom kožom. Jednostavno, otrovi ne nestanu tek tako nakon što obave svoj posao na ciljanim insektima preko noći. Ostaju na površinama prskanih područja i uz pomoć vjetra mogu se proširiti i puno dalje. Utjecaj otrova se produžuje još neko vrijeme, vjerojatno nekoliko dana nakon provedbe 'zamagljivanja'. Ne donosi štetu samo komarcima, koji su glavna meta.

Ujutro nakon rujanskog prskanja 2017. godine odlazim prema svom auto, koje je parkirano uz cesto i dobilo je znatnu dozu otrova. Hodajući niz cestu, sigurno sam pokupila otrov i nosim ga na svojim cipelama. Na vratima svog automobila pronalazim bogomoljku, koja izgleda kao da se bori sa svojim vlastitim sjenama: jesu li je izludili otrovi? Otvaram vrata automobila, moja ruka je vjerojatno kontaminirana. Unutrašnjost automobila vjerojatno isto: koliko otrovnih ostataka dišem ili dodirujem dok vozim? Svjesna ovoga svega, osjećam se uznemireno, što je svakako puno gore od nelagode, koju donosi običan ugriz komaraca.

Bogomoljka, 28. rujna 2017. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Došlo je vrijeme za promjenu

Suzbijanje insekata kroz kemikalije ne postiže svoj cilj ni u Hrvatskoj ni u drugim zemljama. Prema zakonu, trebalo bi postojati odgovarajuće upozorenje o 'zamagljivanju'. Ono se obavlja tijekom ljetne sezone, kada se stanovništvu otoka Hvara pridružuju mnogobrojni gosti iz različitih dijelova svijeta. Mještani su loše informirani, za strance niti ne postoji nikakvo upozorenje. Živjelo blaženo neznanje, ali držati ljude u mraku o očito opasnoj praksi je neprihvatljivo i neoprostivo. Dva dana nakon 'zamagljivanja' na našem području, šokirana prijateljica iz Vrisnika reagirala je na vijest o prskanju na ovaj način: "Jučer su me pojeli komarci!" Na upit (e-mailom) zna li, da je njeno područje bilo prije dvije noći prskano, građanka grada Starog Grada je s užasom reagirala: "J...e, nisam imala pojma!!!"

Zakon i praksu je potrebno hitno razmotriti i revidirati.

© Vivian Grisogono MA(Oxon), 2017., tekst ažuriran 2022 Prijevod: Ivana Župan

Više na tu temu:

Kemijski pesticidi su svugdje oko nas - i u našim tijelima. Ulaze u našu prehranu kao opasan koktel. Mi smo svi izloženi njihovim nuspojavama. Ja sam osobno dala uzorak svoje kose na analizu u veljači 2021., testiranje u laboratoriju Kundzu Science u Francuskoj pokazalo je da u sebi imam tri opasne tvari - fungicid azoksistrobin, herbicid glifosat i insekticid permetrin. Budući da ja uopće ne koristim pesticide, ta kontaminacija je očito došla iz prehrane i/ili okoliša. 

'Zašto trujemo naš raj? Poziv za buđenje' (2019., ažuriran 2021.)

'Insekti nam trebaju' (2018., ažuriran 2021.)

'Insekticid, raticid, pesticid: rat koji je nemoguće dobiti' (2018., ažuriran 2021)

'Pesticidni proizvodi u Hrvatskoj' (ažuriran 2021.)

'Pesticidi, njihove moguće nuspojave i status odobrenja' (ažuriran 2021.)

'Pesticidi: zakoni i dozvole' (ažuriran 2021.)

Bobi, pas koji nije morao uginuti (20.07.2017., ažuriran 2021)

Prskanje otrova - za i protiv (2014, ažuriran 2017)

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