'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu'

Ptice prognostičarke vremena

Vodomar, simbol 'Alkioninih dana' Vodomar, simbol 'Alkioninih dana' Foto: Steve Jones

Čovjek i spoznaja vremena (meteorologija) koračaju ruku pod ruku od pamtivijeka do današnjih dana kaže Hvaranin Marko Vučetić, široj javnosti poznat po svom djelovanju u (Državni hidrometeorološki zavod - DHMZ-u), odnosno Odjelu za agrometeorološke informacije. Sa suprugom Višnjom autor je vrijedne knjige "Vrijeme na Jadranu", što je ponajprije meteorološki priručnik za nautičare, međutim, ugledni meteorolog je tijekom svoje dugogodišnje karijere napisao niz stručnih i znanstvenih radova u kojima se, osim čisto fizičkim zakonitostima u atmosferi, bavio ljudskim opažanjima, iskustvima, tradicijom, pa onda i pučkim izrekama koje su iz toga proizašle.

Jedna karakteristična za Otok sunca je "Sv. Ivon - hod' iz poja von", koja se spominje za blagdan sv. Ivana Krstitelja (24. lipnja), a hoće reći da dolazi vrijeme ljetnog krijesa, da se težaci do žanjanja lavande trebaju odmoriti. Druga je "Svieti Antuonij Opat – vazmi motiku i puoj kopat" (17. siječnja), u smislu da je vrijeme odmora nakon berbe maslina prošlo te da stiže sezona radova u polju (gnojidba, rezidba, priprema zemlje za proljetnu sjetvu...). Ima ih još, npr. "Sv. Fabijon kreši uru don" (20. siječnja), što znači da ljudi imaju sat vremena više za lavur te "Kandelora - zima fora, svi kosići priko mora. Za njon gre svieti Blaž i govori da je to laž" (2. veljače).

Ždralovi nad Dolom, studeni 2016. Foto: Steve Jones

Dakle, čuli su od svojih nona i nonotih da je zima praktično iza nas, ali ima tu i pinku skepse, jer se još koji dan treba ložiti vatru u kućama, a za izlaska u mjesto višeslojno se odjenuti. Zanimljiva je i ona "Poslije svietog Matija svaka ptica propiva" (24. veljače), pa bismo mogli konstatirati da i ptice na neki način mogu biti prognostičarke vremena. Nekad nagovještavaju zime, nekad toplija vremena.

Rode u Jelsi, na putu prema jugu. Rujan 2017. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Dosta smo slušali o ždralovima, rodama, lastavicama..., u dolini Neretve o svadbenom plesu lisaka, o čemu zasigurno puno više zna gospodin Vučetić. Nas je zanimalo koje ptice još na njegovom otoku nagovještavaju promjenu vremena?

Gorska pastirica, palčić, galeb i vodomar

Gorska pastirica. Foto: Steve Jones

▪ Pa primjerice možemo spomenuti gorsku pastiricu (Motaclia cinerea), palčića (Troglodytes troglodutes), galeba klaukavca (Larus cacchinans) i vodomara (Alcedo otthis).

Gorska pastirica. Foto: Steve Jones

Kad pastirica i palčić, kojeg na Hvaru nazivaju još carić ili strižić, dolete s kopna na naše otoke onda zapravo najavljuju hladni val, loše i ružno vrijeme.

Palčić. Foto. Steve Jones

Slično je i sa preletnicom šljukom (Scolopax rusticola) za koju vrijedi ona 'Šljuka na škoj sleti kad Zagora zaledi', a Hvarani imaju i tog svog galeba.

Galeb. Foto: Steve Jones

Kad se ta opjevana ptica pojavi na akroteriju povijesnog Arsenala onda je to znak skorog grubog vremena. Oni to najčešće poprate riječima 'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu', no hoće li uslijediti jugo ili bura to je već druga stvar – objašnjava nam Vučetić.

Galebovi. Foto: Steve Jones

A mitsku sagu o vodomaru (Alcedo atthis) baš detaljno opisao je u svom znanstvenom radu "Vrijeme i klima Jadrana u antičkih pisaca", dovodeći ga u vezu sa zimskim maestralom, odnosno Alkioninim danima. Riječ je o ptici čiji je gornji dio tijela zelenkastomodar, a donji smeđecrven, koja živi uz vodu hraneći se ribom i sitnim vodenim životinjama. Uz more tuče kljunom po račićima, pa ga stoga na Braču nazivaju kovoc, a u Starome Gradu – Farosu kovačić. Gnijezdi se zimi u zemlji strmog stijenja, pa odatle i neki toponimi kao što je Punta kovača kod Podstina u Hvaru ili ona kod Solina na otočiću sv. Klement (Pakleni otoci).

No, što su to Alkionini dani?

▪ Usred zime da more bude mirno, bonaca k'o uje, malo je vjerojatno, ali ipak moguće. To je čudo koje se oduvijek pripisivalo volji bogova. U mitskoj priči starih Grka glavnu ulogu ima Alkiona, a njezina velika ljubav biva prekinuta pogibijom brodolomca Tesalije Keika. Kada je to saznala i krenula prema moru oboje su preobraženi u ptice – vodomare. Bogovi prema zaljubljenom paru bijahu velikodušni pa su odlučili da u vrijeme gniježđenja vodomara, oko zimskog suncostaja, nad morem vlada tišina, koja može potrajati dva tjedna. Otuda i njihova povezanost sa zimskim bonacama, koje antički Heleni nazivaše Alkionini dani ili alkionidima – pripovijeda nam naš sugovornik i ističe da je vodomar stoga simbol spokojstva i mirnih mora.

Vodomar, siječanj 2018. Foto: Steve Jones

Kod nas je, kako dodaje, s tim u svezi povezana iskustvena činjenica o zimskom maestralu. Takvo vrijeme zimi ne traje dugo (najčešće tri dana), međutim, tu se zapravo radi o zmorcu – vjetru unutar obalne cirkulacije, u ovome slučaju od mora prema kopnu koji nastaje za vrijeme stabilnog vremena. Upravo zato usred zime ni ne može dulje potrajati i najčešće je predznak skorog juga, dakle, pogoršanja vremena. Svojedobno su dani sa zimskim maestralom imali poseban status kod dalmatinskih ribara i moreplovaca napose u doba jedrenjaka, što bi značilo da bi se pomnijim istraživanjem i u nas moguće pronašla veza s alkionidima.

© Mirko Crnčević / Dobra Kob (broj.259, travanj 2023.) 
Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode 'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu'

Eco Environment News feeds

  • The cost of producing milk is higher than that being paid by milk processors, leaving farmers operating at a loss

    “Every morning that I roll out of bed at 4.40am, I know I’m losing £1,800 that day, just by getting up.” This is the stark daily reality for Paul Tompkins, as he and his fellow dairy farmers struggle in the face of plummeting milk prices.

    Tompkins, who is the third generation to run his family’s 234-hectare (600-acre) farm in the Vale of York, can produce milk for about 40p a litre from his 500-strong herd of black and white Holstein cows. However, he is being paid only 29p a litre by his milk processor, leaving him operating at a loss, despite trying to run his business as efficiently as possible.

    Continue reading...

  • Virunga park ranger says babies are well cared for by mother Mafuko but high infant mortality makes first weeks critical

    It was noon by the time Jacques Katutu first saw the newborn mountain gorillas. Cradled in the arms of their mother, Mafuko, the tiny twins clung to her body for warmth in the forest clearing in Virunga national park, in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

    Katutu, head of gorilla monitoring in Virunga, has seen dozens of newborns in his 15 years as a ranger. But, he tells the Guardian, even he was touched by the sight of the fragile infant males, who face serious obstacles if they are to become silverbacks one day.

    Continue reading...

  • As international treaty comes into force, bill to make it law in Britain is moving at ‘glacial pace’ through parliament

    The UK risks being shut out of a historic oceans summit because parliament has failed to ratify the UN’s high seas treaty, environmental charities and campaigners have warned.

    The high seas treaty, formally known as the Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, comes into force on Saturday, after two decades of talks.

    Continue reading...

  • Cranbrook, Kent: I have a stretch of leggy hawthorn that needs attention, so I head out into the cold with my axe and billhook

    Wire netting is everywhere in the Kent Weald – barbed boundaries to ancient pastures where sheep and cattle still idly graze. But what did farmers do for the hundreds of years before stock fencing was invented?

    Hedges, so rooted in what we wistfully consider to be our natural landscape, are in fact human-made features, planted almost solely for the purpose of enclosure. Unmanaged hedges are not a permanent solution, though: young trees mature, trunks become bare, and animal‑sized holes appear, rendering them useless. To remedy this, the practice of hedge laying was developed; unlike bricklaying, it is an act of maintenance rather than creation.

    Continue reading...

  • Todolí foundation produces varieties from Buddha’s hands to sudachi and hopes to help citrus survive climate change

    It was on a trip with a friend to the east coast of Spain that the chef Matthew Slotover came across the “Garden of Eden”, an organic farm growing citrus varieties he had never heard of. The Todolí Citrus Foundation is a nonprofit venture and the largest private collection of citrus in the world with more than 500 varieties, and its owners think the rare fruit could hold the genetic secrets to growing citrus groves that can deal with climate change.

    The farm yields far more interesting fruit than oranges and lemons for Slotover’s menu, including kumquat, finger lime, sudachi and bergamot.

    Continue reading...

  • This week’s best wildlife photographs from around the world

    Continue reading...

  • Architects and designers have recycled ancient practice of collecting rainwater to make buildings ecologically friendly

    When the legendary Taiwanese rock band Mayday were due to perform in Beijing one evening in May 2023, some fans were worried that the rainy weather could affect the show. Mayday were taking to the stage in Beijing’s National Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest, built for the 2008 Olympics. Like the real-life twig piles that give the building its nickname, the stadium is built with an intricate and highly porous lattice, made of steel.

    “Don’t worry too much,” reassured an article published by the official newsletter for China’s ministry of water resources. “The Bird’s Nest also has its ‘secret weapon’!”

    Continue reading...

  • Some regions of the continent have enough ice to push up sea levels by 15 metres if they all melt, but researchers don’t yet fully understand the consequences

    On one side of Dr Ben Galton-Fenzi’s view across the vast Totten ice shelf, the sun sat low on the Antarctic horizon. On the other, a full moon.

    The ice shelf is “flat and white”, says Galton-Fenzi. “If there’s cloud around, you lose the horizon.”

    Continue reading...

  • The cattlewoman is stranded alone, rationing her supplies and worried about her health. Meanwhile the mine sits mothballed

    Cattlewoman Trish Goodwin should be celebrating.

    Last Friday, her parched property off the Capricorn Highway near the tiny town of Bluff in the central highlands of Queensland received “very good soaking rain” – nearly 200mm would fall in a few days.

    Continue reading...

  • Guardian analysis shows electricity bills were up 6.7% last year, and much higher in some states, and gas bills up 5.2%

    Donald Trump has comprehensively failed to meet a key election promise to slash Americans’ energy bills in half within the first year of his presidency, with power prices instead surging across the US.

    The average household electricity bill in the US was 6.7% more expensive in 2025 compared with the previous year, according to a Guardian analysis of data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the Department of Energy’s statistical arm. The increases meant that, on average, US households paid nearly $116 more across 2025 than they did in 2024.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen