'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu'

Ptice prognostičarke vremena

Vodomar, simbol 'Alkioninih dana' Vodomar, simbol 'Alkioninih dana' Foto: Steve Jones

Čovjek i spoznaja vremena (meteorologija) koračaju ruku pod ruku od pamtivijeka do današnjih dana kaže Hvaranin Marko Vučetić, široj javnosti poznat po svom djelovanju u (Državni hidrometeorološki zavod - DHMZ-u), odnosno Odjelu za agrometeorološke informacije. Sa suprugom Višnjom autor je vrijedne knjige "Vrijeme na Jadranu", što je ponajprije meteorološki priručnik za nautičare, međutim, ugledni meteorolog je tijekom svoje dugogodišnje karijere napisao niz stručnih i znanstvenih radova u kojima se, osim čisto fizičkim zakonitostima u atmosferi, bavio ljudskim opažanjima, iskustvima, tradicijom, pa onda i pučkim izrekama koje su iz toga proizašle.

Jedna karakteristična za Otok sunca je "Sv. Ivon - hod' iz poja von", koja se spominje za blagdan sv. Ivana Krstitelja (24. lipnja), a hoće reći da dolazi vrijeme ljetnog krijesa, da se težaci do žanjanja lavande trebaju odmoriti. Druga je "Svieti Antuonij Opat – vazmi motiku i puoj kopat" (17. siječnja), u smislu da je vrijeme odmora nakon berbe maslina prošlo te da stiže sezona radova u polju (gnojidba, rezidba, priprema zemlje za proljetnu sjetvu...). Ima ih još, npr. "Sv. Fabijon kreši uru don" (20. siječnja), što znači da ljudi imaju sat vremena više za lavur te "Kandelora - zima fora, svi kosići priko mora. Za njon gre svieti Blaž i govori da je to laž" (2. veljače).

Ždralovi nad Dolom, studeni 2016. Foto: Steve Jones

Dakle, čuli su od svojih nona i nonotih da je zima praktično iza nas, ali ima tu i pinku skepse, jer se još koji dan treba ložiti vatru u kućama, a za izlaska u mjesto višeslojno se odjenuti. Zanimljiva je i ona "Poslije svietog Matija svaka ptica propiva" (24. veljače), pa bismo mogli konstatirati da i ptice na neki način mogu biti prognostičarke vremena. Nekad nagovještavaju zime, nekad toplija vremena.

Rode u Jelsi, na putu prema jugu. Rujan 2017. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Dosta smo slušali o ždralovima, rodama, lastavicama..., u dolini Neretve o svadbenom plesu lisaka, o čemu zasigurno puno više zna gospodin Vučetić. Nas je zanimalo koje ptice još na njegovom otoku nagovještavaju promjenu vremena?

Gorska pastirica, palčić, galeb i vodomar

Gorska pastirica. Foto: Steve Jones

▪ Pa primjerice možemo spomenuti gorsku pastiricu (Motaclia cinerea), palčića (Troglodytes troglodutes), galeba klaukavca (Larus cacchinans) i vodomara (Alcedo otthis).

Gorska pastirica. Foto: Steve Jones

Kad pastirica i palčić, kojeg na Hvaru nazivaju još carić ili strižić, dolete s kopna na naše otoke onda zapravo najavljuju hladni val, loše i ružno vrijeme.

Palčić. Foto. Steve Jones

Slično je i sa preletnicom šljukom (Scolopax rusticola) za koju vrijedi ona 'Šljuka na škoj sleti kad Zagora zaledi', a Hvarani imaju i tog svog galeba.

Galeb. Foto: Steve Jones

Kad se ta opjevana ptica pojavi na akroteriju povijesnog Arsenala onda je to znak skorog grubog vremena. Oni to najčešće poprate riječima 'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu', no hoće li uslijediti jugo ili bura to je već druga stvar – objašnjava nam Vučetić.

Galebovi. Foto: Steve Jones

A mitsku sagu o vodomaru (Alcedo atthis) baš detaljno opisao je u svom znanstvenom radu "Vrijeme i klima Jadrana u antičkih pisaca", dovodeći ga u vezu sa zimskim maestralom, odnosno Alkioninim danima. Riječ je o ptici čiji je gornji dio tijela zelenkastomodar, a donji smeđecrven, koja živi uz vodu hraneći se ribom i sitnim vodenim životinjama. Uz more tuče kljunom po račićima, pa ga stoga na Braču nazivaju kovoc, a u Starome Gradu – Farosu kovačić. Gnijezdi se zimi u zemlji strmog stijenja, pa odatle i neki toponimi kao što je Punta kovača kod Podstina u Hvaru ili ona kod Solina na otočiću sv. Klement (Pakleni otoci).

No, što su to Alkionini dani?

▪ Usred zime da more bude mirno, bonaca k'o uje, malo je vjerojatno, ali ipak moguće. To je čudo koje se oduvijek pripisivalo volji bogova. U mitskoj priči starih Grka glavnu ulogu ima Alkiona, a njezina velika ljubav biva prekinuta pogibijom brodolomca Tesalije Keika. Kada je to saznala i krenula prema moru oboje su preobraženi u ptice – vodomare. Bogovi prema zaljubljenom paru bijahu velikodušni pa su odlučili da u vrijeme gniježđenja vodomara, oko zimskog suncostaja, nad morem vlada tišina, koja može potrajati dva tjedna. Otuda i njihova povezanost sa zimskim bonacama, koje antički Heleni nazivaše Alkionini dani ili alkionidima – pripovijeda nam naš sugovornik i ističe da je vodomar stoga simbol spokojstva i mirnih mora.

Vodomar, siječanj 2018. Foto: Steve Jones

Kod nas je, kako dodaje, s tim u svezi povezana iskustvena činjenica o zimskom maestralu. Takvo vrijeme zimi ne traje dugo (najčešće tri dana), međutim, tu se zapravo radi o zmorcu – vjetru unutar obalne cirkulacije, u ovome slučaju od mora prema kopnu koji nastaje za vrijeme stabilnog vremena. Upravo zato usred zime ni ne može dulje potrajati i najčešće je predznak skorog juga, dakle, pogoršanja vremena. Svojedobno su dani sa zimskim maestralom imali poseban status kod dalmatinskih ribara i moreplovaca napose u doba jedrenjaka, što bi značilo da bi se pomnijim istraživanjem i u nas moguće pronašla veza s alkionidima.

© Mirko Crnčević / Dobra Kob (broj.259, travanj 2023.) 
Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode 'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu'

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Sudden shifts from wet to dry weather, or vice versa, may foil typical drought- and flood-prevention measures

    Rising temperatures may trigger a dangerous increase in “hydroclimatic whiplash” in rivers that would make traditional approaches to flood and drought planning insufficient, a study has found.

    As temperatures rise owing to the worsening climate crisis, rivers will experience increasingly rapid transitions between heavy downpours and long dry spells – called hydroclimatic whiplash events – because a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture, intensifying rainfall extremes.

    Continue reading...

  • London Tree Ring project aims to create corridors of plant and animal life around the city to strengthen its biodiversity

    Harry Ewing is heaping branches and foliage from the forest floor on to a dead hedge, reinforcing the protective circle around his newly planted trees in Hadley Wood, north London. He is in a glade created by a fallen oak that was previously overrun with thick bramble.

    “I feel very happy – the trees are growing already. It’s really nice seeing it when it starts,” says Ewing.

    Continue reading...

  • Scientists are returning to a wartime solution that may be more sustainable than the traditional rubber tree

    There is a global shortage of natural rubber and dandelions may be coming to the rescue. In the second world war there was such a severe shortage of rubber that the Allies used the Russian dandelion, Taraxacum koksaghyz, from Kazakhstan. Soviet scientists found the dandelion roots produced enough white milky latex to make natural rubber, but when the war ended producers returned to the traditional rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis.

    But the demand for rubber is now increasing, with rubber trees suffering from a fungal disease and the impacts of extreme weather caused by the climate crisis. So, scientists are looking again at using dandelions, with the added benefit that they grow in temperate climates, are a sustainable crop that do not need pesticides and lots of water, and don’t lead to the deforestation common in tropical rubber tree plantations.

    Continue reading...

  • Frome, Somerset: This much-maligned midsummer menace has few friends among humans, but look closely and you might find an orgy of eating and mating

    Eyes smarting, throat tickling, nostrils dog-wet, I pick my way along a thready footpath up the combe, only half-prepared for the next irritation. Nettles, I am watching you. But not well enough it seems, for a sneaky one hidden under the skirts of encroaching grasses and umbellifers grazes the back of my bare calf. It induces that tingling somewhere between pain and pleasure – one that quickly develops into a needling throb.

    It is hard to love a nettle. This much-loathed plant may be one of the first that many children learn to identify, for their own protection. It has a secondhand look, with wrinkly, crinkly jagged hearts for leaves. It has no sheen; it does not shine. Near-invisible fine hairs on the upper surfaces give the dulled green a dusty, soiled appearance.

    Continue reading...

  • Nearly every indicator of climate change is flashing red. But we still hold the tools available to bring the planet back into balance

    The ocean is running a fever. In 2025, the number of days of marine heatwaves – prolonged spells when the sea turns abnormally, dangerously warm – was more than triple what it was in the early 1990s.

    These are not abstract statistics. A severe and persistent marine heatwave bleaches coral reefs, strips away the kelp forests that shelter young fish, empties fishing grounds and – if occurring frequently – can tip whole ecosystems past the point of recovery.

    Karina Von Schuckmann is an IGCC author and senior adviser of Mercator Ocean International

    Continue reading...

  • Two-thirds of Americans say they are worried about climate but level of media coverage does not reflect this

    US political and media discourse has drifted away from the climate crisis amid a frontal assault by Donald Trump upon policies to limit global heating and the president’s pugnacious demands to “drill, baby, drill” for more oil and gas.

    Yet while elite attention on climate has waned, even among some previously vocal Democrats who have wound back on criticism of the fossil fuels that are overheating our planet, the American public remains concerned about the climate crisis and continues to favour action to deal with it, according to experts and polling.

    Continue reading...

  • Sea ice is melting fast, worsening the climate crisis, but a bold attempt to rethicken it is showing early signs of success

    ‘This would have been a wild dream a year ago,” says Andrea Ceccolini, standing on Arctic sea ice just a 4-mile snowmobile ride from the Inuit town of Cambridge Bay, northern Canada. To his left are sky blue ponds of meltwater created in the last few days by a sun that no longer sets in the high north summer. To his right, the sea ice is still a brilliant white, the light dusting of snow on top continuing to sparkle.

    “It’s incredibly different, the boundary – I mean, you can point to it,” he says. The difference is the result of a bold geoengineering experiment being conducted by Ceccolini’s company, Real Ice, funded by the UK government.

    Continue reading...

  • Many small-scale landowners now include conservation measures alongside everyday farming. But progress is precarious, and the threat of guerrilla violence and poverty remain whichever candidate wins

    Like most people settling in the area, Pablo Peña was seeking to escape violence and make a living from a patch of land when he moved to Guaviare in central Colombia. While his life has been strongly marked by conflict and deforestation, more than 30 years on he now focuses on community work and conservation.

    Peña first visited Guaviare during his mandatory military service. Years later, in 1994, he settled down to farm in Guaviare’s Calamar, a town in a remote corner of the Amazon.

    Continue reading...

  • Residents of West Oakland, which suffers from toxic waste and high pollution rates, rally against a coal export facility

    West Oakland, a California neighborhood known for its rich history of Black activism from the Pullman Porters’ union to the Black Panthers, might not seem like the site of the country’s next great coal project.

    But that’s exactly what the Trump administration is pushing for – with the injection of $75m to build a sprawling coal export terminal in the nearby port of Oakland.

    Continue reading...

  • ‘Saddened, stunned, surprised and haunted’ is how one surfer describes the mood at the popular Sydney beach two days after Leah Stewart was bitten by a great white

    Under a clear blue sky on a Monday morning, Coogee beach in Sydney’s east is quiet.

    A few swimmers have ventured into the ocean pools at the northern and southern ends of the beach. Most others sit on the sand, looking towards the water.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen