'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu'

Ptice prognostičarke vremena

Vodomar, simbol 'Alkioninih dana' Vodomar, simbol 'Alkioninih dana' Foto: Steve Jones

Čovjek i spoznaja vremena (meteorologija) koračaju ruku pod ruku od pamtivijeka do današnjih dana kaže Hvaranin Marko Vučetić, široj javnosti poznat po svom djelovanju u (Državni hidrometeorološki zavod - DHMZ-u), odnosno Odjelu za agrometeorološke informacije. Sa suprugom Višnjom autor je vrijedne knjige "Vrijeme na Jadranu", što je ponajprije meteorološki priručnik za nautičare, međutim, ugledni meteorolog je tijekom svoje dugogodišnje karijere napisao niz stručnih i znanstvenih radova u kojima se, osim čisto fizičkim zakonitostima u atmosferi, bavio ljudskim opažanjima, iskustvima, tradicijom, pa onda i pučkim izrekama koje su iz toga proizašle.

Jedna karakteristična za Otok sunca je "Sv. Ivon - hod' iz poja von", koja se spominje za blagdan sv. Ivana Krstitelja (24. lipnja), a hoće reći da dolazi vrijeme ljetnog krijesa, da se težaci do žanjanja lavande trebaju odmoriti. Druga je "Svieti Antuonij Opat – vazmi motiku i puoj kopat" (17. siječnja), u smislu da je vrijeme odmora nakon berbe maslina prošlo te da stiže sezona radova u polju (gnojidba, rezidba, priprema zemlje za proljetnu sjetvu...). Ima ih još, npr. "Sv. Fabijon kreši uru don" (20. siječnja), što znači da ljudi imaju sat vremena više za lavur te "Kandelora - zima fora, svi kosići priko mora. Za njon gre svieti Blaž i govori da je to laž" (2. veljače).

Ždralovi nad Dolom, studeni 2016. Foto: Steve Jones

Dakle, čuli su od svojih nona i nonotih da je zima praktično iza nas, ali ima tu i pinku skepse, jer se još koji dan treba ložiti vatru u kućama, a za izlaska u mjesto višeslojno se odjenuti. Zanimljiva je i ona "Poslije svietog Matija svaka ptica propiva" (24. veljače), pa bismo mogli konstatirati da i ptice na neki način mogu biti prognostičarke vremena. Nekad nagovještavaju zime, nekad toplija vremena.

Rode u Jelsi, na putu prema jugu. Rujan 2017. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Dosta smo slušali o ždralovima, rodama, lastavicama..., u dolini Neretve o svadbenom plesu lisaka, o čemu zasigurno puno više zna gospodin Vučetić. Nas je zanimalo koje ptice još na njegovom otoku nagovještavaju promjenu vremena?

Gorska pastirica, palčić, galeb i vodomar

Gorska pastirica. Foto: Steve Jones

▪ Pa primjerice možemo spomenuti gorsku pastiricu (Motaclia cinerea), palčića (Troglodytes troglodutes), galeba klaukavca (Larus cacchinans) i vodomara (Alcedo otthis).

Gorska pastirica. Foto: Steve Jones

Kad pastirica i palčić, kojeg na Hvaru nazivaju još carić ili strižić, dolete s kopna na naše otoke onda zapravo najavljuju hladni val, loše i ružno vrijeme.

Palčić. Foto. Steve Jones

Slično je i sa preletnicom šljukom (Scolopax rusticola) za koju vrijedi ona 'Šljuka na škoj sleti kad Zagora zaledi', a Hvarani imaju i tog svog galeba.

Galeb. Foto: Steve Jones

Kad se ta opjevana ptica pojavi na akroteriju povijesnog Arsenala onda je to znak skorog grubog vremena. Oni to najčešće poprate riječima 'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu', no hoće li uslijediti jugo ili bura to je već druga stvar – objašnjava nam Vučetić.

Galebovi. Foto: Steve Jones

A mitsku sagu o vodomaru (Alcedo atthis) baš detaljno opisao je u svom znanstvenom radu "Vrijeme i klima Jadrana u antičkih pisaca", dovodeći ga u vezu sa zimskim maestralom, odnosno Alkioninim danima. Riječ je o ptici čiji je gornji dio tijela zelenkastomodar, a donji smeđecrven, koja živi uz vodu hraneći se ribom i sitnim vodenim životinjama. Uz more tuče kljunom po račićima, pa ga stoga na Braču nazivaju kovoc, a u Starome Gradu – Farosu kovačić. Gnijezdi se zimi u zemlji strmog stijenja, pa odatle i neki toponimi kao što je Punta kovača kod Podstina u Hvaru ili ona kod Solina na otočiću sv. Klement (Pakleni otoci).

No, što su to Alkionini dani?

▪ Usred zime da more bude mirno, bonaca k'o uje, malo je vjerojatno, ali ipak moguće. To je čudo koje se oduvijek pripisivalo volji bogova. U mitskoj priči starih Grka glavnu ulogu ima Alkiona, a njezina velika ljubav biva prekinuta pogibijom brodolomca Tesalije Keika. Kada je to saznala i krenula prema moru oboje su preobraženi u ptice – vodomare. Bogovi prema zaljubljenom paru bijahu velikodušni pa su odlučili da u vrijeme gniježđenja vodomara, oko zimskog suncostaja, nad morem vlada tišina, koja može potrajati dva tjedna. Otuda i njihova povezanost sa zimskim bonacama, koje antički Heleni nazivaše Alkionini dani ili alkionidima – pripovijeda nam naš sugovornik i ističe da je vodomar stoga simbol spokojstva i mirnih mora.

Vodomar, siječanj 2018. Foto: Steve Jones

Kod nas je, kako dodaje, s tim u svezi povezana iskustvena činjenica o zimskom maestralu. Takvo vrijeme zimi ne traje dugo (najčešće tri dana), međutim, tu se zapravo radi o zmorcu – vjetru unutar obalne cirkulacije, u ovome slučaju od mora prema kopnu koji nastaje za vrijeme stabilnog vremena. Upravo zato usred zime ni ne može dulje potrajati i najčešće je predznak skorog juga, dakle, pogoršanja vremena. Svojedobno su dani sa zimskim maestralom imali poseban status kod dalmatinskih ribara i moreplovaca napose u doba jedrenjaka, što bi značilo da bi se pomnijim istraživanjem i u nas moguće pronašla veza s alkionidima.

© Mirko Crnčević / Dobra Kob (broj.259, travanj 2023.) 
Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode 'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu'

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Shaun Hancox has created scores of ponds for rewilding projects across Britain – and he says there’s a lot more to it than digging a hole

    He is known as “the Picasso of ponds” but the tableaux being created by Shaun Hancox in a boggy field in Somerset currently looks more like a building site. An orange and black excavator is rhythmically removing lumpy clay soil and sculpting it into brown banks.

    The result looks like a scar of bare earth on what was once green pasture – but the magic happens as soon as rain fills the newly created depressions. Plants seed swiftly, invertebrates and amphibians rapidly find the water, and life explodes.

    Continue reading...

  • Hungerford, Berkshire: In a nearby farm, ever-resourceful birds and bees are getting creative with where they build their nests

    There are some unusual nesting spots being utilised in the farm and stableyard, revealed by pauses between chores.

    My wheelbarrow trips to the muck heap are attended by pied and grey wagtail pairs that make small aerial assaults on insects, though I’ve yet to locate their nests. The swallows are well-served here by midges and flies swarming around warm-blooded animals, and there is always mud for nest repairs, with the regular slosh of water buckets and hosing down of sweaty horses.

    Continue reading...

  • UN report says global meat supply has risen fourfold in last 60 years and is expected to keep rising

    The average person eats about six times as much chicken and twice as much pork as their grandparents’ generation did, data from a UN report suggests, with global meat supply having risen fourfold in the last 60 years and expected to keep rising.

    The supply of poultry rose from below 3kg a person in 1961 to 17kg in 2022, according to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Pork supply doubled to 15kg a person over the same period, while beef, the most polluting food, stayed steady at 9kg.

    Continue reading...

  • Weather models project a potentially strong El Niño this year, which could spell disaster for heatwave-hit India, drench China and hurt agriculture across south-east Asia

    The UN has warned that the world must prepare for the imminent return of El Niño and the raised global temperatures and weather extremes it brings.

    The powerful natural weather pattern has an 80% chance of forming before September and a 90% chance before November, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Tuesday.

    Continue reading...

  • Experts say dismantling the ocean observation system will ‘severely degrade’ the accuracy of weather predictions

    The Trump administration’s plan to dismantle an ocean observation system vital to understanding the climate crisis and marine ecosystems would “severely degrade” the accuracy of weather predictions and El Niño forecasts, with economic consequences for the US, European and American scientists have warned.

    Decommissioning the US system, which plays a major part in a global ocean observation network, would lead to a massive increase in error in the annual estimates of ocean heating rates, according to research published last month.

    Continue reading...

  • Experts say increased use of crops for fuel is ‘dangerous game’ that could send food price inflation soaring

    Demand for biofuels is likely to leap by nearly a third this year, which could send food price inflation soaring further and push the world closer to a global food crisis.

    More countries are opting to increase biofuel use as the price of oil has jumped to nearly $100 a barrel after the US-Israeli attacks on Iran and the closure of the strait of Hormuz.

    Continue reading...

  • Migrant insects have been seen in large numbers along east coast thanks to heatwave and benign southerly winds

    If you’ve spotted a pale orange butterfly dashing at frenetic pace through streets, fields or gardens, you’ve noticed the new migrants that will add colour to the summer in record-breaking numbers.

    What is expected to be the largest arrival of painted lady butterflies in Britain for 17 years is under way after heatwaves and favourable winds ushered thousands if not millions of the insects northwards.

    Continue reading...

  • More than 6.5 million Somalis have been pushed to the brink of severe hunger as the climate crisis, fighting and cuts in aid leave a trail of despair

    For three years, Zeynab Ibrahim watched as her little town shrivelled up and died. The rains never came, the reservoirs were depleted and the farms gradually turned to dust. Hunger and sickness swept through the village, claiming the lives of many, including four of Ibrahim’s 10 children.

    “We tried every means to survive – selling dried grass and digging up water from the barren earth. Unfortunately, there was nothing left, so we had no choice but to escape to save our children,” she says, sitting in front of her shelter in a camp for internally displaced people (IDP) in the Kahda district of Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu.

    Continue reading...

  • The UK’s biggest bird of prey has been compared to a flying barn door. So how can one fitted with a satellite tracker disappear in prime grouse-shooting country?

    The six police officers arrived at the Snilesworth estate in two pickup trucks last week, according to one account. They asked to go up on the moors, a source said, and “so off they went”.

    A vast expanse of spectacularly undulating lands on the western edge of the North York Moors, Snilesworth is globally renowned for its grouse, partridge and pheasant shooting. It is known locally for attracting “rich people from London in helicopters and blacked-out SUVs”.

    Continue reading...

  • Mette Frederiksen’s new government promises overhaul for people – and animals – in home of ultra-intensive farming

    Like all new prime ministers, when Mette Frederiksen secured a third consecutive term as Denmark’s head of government this week, she promised her administration would take steps to “improve the everyday lives” of the country’s inhabitants.

    Unlike most new prime ministers, however, she specified that her left-leaning coalition’s policy programme would be not just for “the people who are in Denmark and the ⁠generations to come” but also “for the animals”.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen