'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu'

Ptice prognostičarke vremena

Vodomar, simbol 'Alkioninih dana' Vodomar, simbol 'Alkioninih dana' Foto: Steve Jones

Čovjek i spoznaja vremena (meteorologija) koračaju ruku pod ruku od pamtivijeka do današnjih dana kaže Hvaranin Marko Vučetić, široj javnosti poznat po svom djelovanju u (Državni hidrometeorološki zavod - DHMZ-u), odnosno Odjelu za agrometeorološke informacije. Sa suprugom Višnjom autor je vrijedne knjige "Vrijeme na Jadranu", što je ponajprije meteorološki priručnik za nautičare, međutim, ugledni meteorolog je tijekom svoje dugogodišnje karijere napisao niz stručnih i znanstvenih radova u kojima se, osim čisto fizičkim zakonitostima u atmosferi, bavio ljudskim opažanjima, iskustvima, tradicijom, pa onda i pučkim izrekama koje su iz toga proizašle.

Jedna karakteristična za Otok sunca je "Sv. Ivon - hod' iz poja von", koja se spominje za blagdan sv. Ivana Krstitelja (24. lipnja), a hoće reći da dolazi vrijeme ljetnog krijesa, da se težaci do žanjanja lavande trebaju odmoriti. Druga je "Svieti Antuonij Opat – vazmi motiku i puoj kopat" (17. siječnja), u smislu da je vrijeme odmora nakon berbe maslina prošlo te da stiže sezona radova u polju (gnojidba, rezidba, priprema zemlje za proljetnu sjetvu...). Ima ih još, npr. "Sv. Fabijon kreši uru don" (20. siječnja), što znači da ljudi imaju sat vremena više za lavur te "Kandelora - zima fora, svi kosići priko mora. Za njon gre svieti Blaž i govori da je to laž" (2. veljače).

Ždralovi nad Dolom, studeni 2016. Foto: Steve Jones

Dakle, čuli su od svojih nona i nonotih da je zima praktično iza nas, ali ima tu i pinku skepse, jer se još koji dan treba ložiti vatru u kućama, a za izlaska u mjesto višeslojno se odjenuti. Zanimljiva je i ona "Poslije svietog Matija svaka ptica propiva" (24. veljače), pa bismo mogli konstatirati da i ptice na neki način mogu biti prognostičarke vremena. Nekad nagovještavaju zime, nekad toplija vremena.

Rode u Jelsi, na putu prema jugu. Rujan 2017. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Dosta smo slušali o ždralovima, rodama, lastavicama..., u dolini Neretve o svadbenom plesu lisaka, o čemu zasigurno puno više zna gospodin Vučetić. Nas je zanimalo koje ptice još na njegovom otoku nagovještavaju promjenu vremena?

Gorska pastirica, palčić, galeb i vodomar

Gorska pastirica. Foto: Steve Jones

▪ Pa primjerice možemo spomenuti gorsku pastiricu (Motaclia cinerea), palčića (Troglodytes troglodutes), galeba klaukavca (Larus cacchinans) i vodomara (Alcedo otthis).

Gorska pastirica. Foto: Steve Jones

Kad pastirica i palčić, kojeg na Hvaru nazivaju još carić ili strižić, dolete s kopna na naše otoke onda zapravo najavljuju hladni val, loše i ružno vrijeme.

Palčić. Foto. Steve Jones

Slično je i sa preletnicom šljukom (Scolopax rusticola) za koju vrijedi ona 'Šljuka na škoj sleti kad Zagora zaledi', a Hvarani imaju i tog svog galeba.

Galeb. Foto: Steve Jones

Kad se ta opjevana ptica pojavi na akroteriju povijesnog Arsenala onda je to znak skorog grubog vremena. Oni to najčešće poprate riječima 'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu', no hoće li uslijediti jugo ili bura to je već druga stvar – objašnjava nam Vučetić.

Galebovi. Foto: Steve Jones

A mitsku sagu o vodomaru (Alcedo atthis) baš detaljno opisao je u svom znanstvenom radu "Vrijeme i klima Jadrana u antičkih pisaca", dovodeći ga u vezu sa zimskim maestralom, odnosno Alkioninim danima. Riječ je o ptici čiji je gornji dio tijela zelenkastomodar, a donji smeđecrven, koja živi uz vodu hraneći se ribom i sitnim vodenim životinjama. Uz more tuče kljunom po račićima, pa ga stoga na Braču nazivaju kovoc, a u Starome Gradu – Farosu kovačić. Gnijezdi se zimi u zemlji strmog stijenja, pa odatle i neki toponimi kao što je Punta kovača kod Podstina u Hvaru ili ona kod Solina na otočiću sv. Klement (Pakleni otoci).

No, što su to Alkionini dani?

▪ Usred zime da more bude mirno, bonaca k'o uje, malo je vjerojatno, ali ipak moguće. To je čudo koje se oduvijek pripisivalo volji bogova. U mitskoj priči starih Grka glavnu ulogu ima Alkiona, a njezina velika ljubav biva prekinuta pogibijom brodolomca Tesalije Keika. Kada je to saznala i krenula prema moru oboje su preobraženi u ptice – vodomare. Bogovi prema zaljubljenom paru bijahu velikodušni pa su odlučili da u vrijeme gniježđenja vodomara, oko zimskog suncostaja, nad morem vlada tišina, koja može potrajati dva tjedna. Otuda i njihova povezanost sa zimskim bonacama, koje antički Heleni nazivaše Alkionini dani ili alkionidima – pripovijeda nam naš sugovornik i ističe da je vodomar stoga simbol spokojstva i mirnih mora.

Vodomar, siječanj 2018. Foto: Steve Jones

Kod nas je, kako dodaje, s tim u svezi povezana iskustvena činjenica o zimskom maestralu. Takvo vrijeme zimi ne traje dugo (najčešće tri dana), međutim, tu se zapravo radi o zmorcu – vjetru unutar obalne cirkulacije, u ovome slučaju od mora prema kopnu koji nastaje za vrijeme stabilnog vremena. Upravo zato usred zime ni ne može dulje potrajati i najčešće je predznak skorog juga, dakle, pogoršanja vremena. Svojedobno su dani sa zimskim maestralom imali poseban status kod dalmatinskih ribara i moreplovaca napose u doba jedrenjaka, što bi značilo da bi se pomnijim istraživanjem i u nas moguće pronašla veza s alkionidima.

© Mirko Crnčević / Dobra Kob (broj.259, travanj 2023.) 
Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode 'Kalebi u portu - nevera u kulfu'

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Exclusive: ‘Fish sludge’ in coastal waters now has nutrient levels equivalent to those in untreated effluent of country the size of Australia, report finds

    Norwegian fish farms are filling fjords and other coastal waters with nutrient pollution equivalent to the raw sewage of tens of millions of people each year, a report has found.

    Norway is the largest farmed salmon producer in the world, and nutrients in fish feed are excreted directly into coastal waters. Analysis from the Sunstone Institute found that Norwegian aquaculture released 75,000 tonnes of nitrogen, 13,000 tonnes of phosphorus and 360,000 tonnes of organic carbon in 2025.

    Continue reading...

  • Appeal launched to buy Nottinghamshire cottage, where tree was planted in 19th century, and turn it into heritage centre

    Campaigners have launched an appeal to try to save for the nation the mother tree of perhaps the most popular cooking apple in the world.

    The original bramley apple tree, which grows in the garden of a cottage in Southwell, Nottinghamshire, is for sale, with the cottage put on the market by its owner, Nottingham Trent University.

    Continue reading...

  • Orban Wallace’s documentary avoids big clashes between landowners and campaigners in favour of wide-ranging exploration

    Orban Wallace’s film about the right-to-roam movement shows us a campaigning group with a simple, reasonable aim: to give walkers in England and Wales the same rights that people have in Scotland, courtesy of the Scottish Outdoor Access Code, brought into being by the Land Reform (Scotland) Act of 2003. There, walkers have the right to temporary, non-motorised access – which is to say walking, cycling and camping, carried out responsibly – to most land, public or private. These rights have now existed for some time without the apocalyptic end to the countryside as we know it.

    Whether some in the right-to-roam movement in England want something more than that, or are prepared to protest more vehemently than simply organising peaceful mass trespass events, is another question. The film interviews landowners such as Francis Fulford, who has long been the media’s favourite outspoken reactionary toff, a sort of posh version of Viz Comic’s Farmer Palmer, snarling “Get off my land”. There are other, more thoughtful landowners, including Hugh Inge-Innes-Lillingston, who cheerfully admits how silly his name is, and is open to developing new ideas about managed access. As far as profiteering goes, I found myself thinking of a remark made by Tara Palmer-Tomkinson: “Land doesn’t really bring in a lot of money until they build a motorway through it.”

    Continue reading...

  • Exclusive: Minister says proposals show government’s ambition, as it faces unprecedented pressure from Greens

    Tree nurseries could be built at prisons, and military ranges could be turned into heathland or peat bogs as part of an ambitious plan to make government land more nature-friendly, the environment secretary has said.

    Speaking before elections this week in which Labour is under pressure from the Green party, Emma Reynolds said such projects showed the government’s intent in restoring natural habitats.

    Continue reading...

  • Buxton, Derbyshire: A glimpse of gloop in the water, a hasty net purchase, and it was confirmed – palmate newts have moved in. But how long had they been there?

    It has been a source of excitement for weeks that we have found ourselves custodians of newts. Judging by the numbers present and the age of our pond, they have probably been here at least a decade. Yet neither our neighbours nor our predecessors at the address knew of any.

    I happened to notice a gloop of air rise at the pond surface. That glimpse triggered a few minutes’ scrutiny, and lo, there it was: a palmate newt. It led to a hasty net purchase. Several days later, at the first speculative sweep of the mesh, with which we had hoped to catch at least a single example, it came up with nine. They have been the talk of the house ever since.

    Continue reading...

  • Lobbyist Tara Singh says stripping projects of subsidy contracts would undermine investor confidence in UK

    Britain could be beset by levels of economic chaos last seen under Liz Truss if a Reform UK government were to fulfil its promise to strip renewable energy projects of subsidy contracts, according to the industry’s chief lobbyist.

    The anti-renewables policy put forward by Nigel Farage’s populist party would severely undermine investor confidence in the energy industry and across the wider UK economy, the new chief executive of RenewableUK said.

    Continue reading...

  • International Energy Agency analysis shows methane leaks remained at near-record highs in 2025

    Methane emissions from the energy sector remained at near record levels in 2025, the International Energy Agency has concluded.

    Tackling the emissions could make billions of cubic metres of gas available to international markets, a top priority as the war in the Middle East squeezes energy supplies, the IEA said in a report.

    Continue reading...

  • Group that worked with AOC and Bernie Sanders seeks to counter claim that climate policy is politically toxic

    Americans do not care about the climate crisis, only economic issues: that’s the message some wonks have put forth in the past year, as the Trump administration has dismantled environmental protections. But the shift away from climate is misguided, an influential group of progressives is arguing.

    “The climate crisis is a core driver of the cost-of-living crisis and instability we see across the economy,” says a new policy platform from left-leaning thinktank Climate and Community Institute (CCI).

    Continue reading...

  • In December 1982, South African Rodney Wilkinson walked four bombs into Koeberg power station – the crown jewel of the apartheid state – pulled the pins and then left on his bicycle. How did he do it?

    At 21, Rodney Wilkinson was the best fencer in South Africa: national champion in foil and sabre, second in epee. He had toured Europe and Argentina. He had not stood on the Olympic podium, because South Africa was banned. The apartheid state had taken that from him, along with everything else it took from everyone.

    One evening in August 1971, Wilkinson stood in the gym at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, foil in hand. He was facing his coach Vincent Bonfil, a 25-year-old Englishman who had represented Britain as a reserve at the 1968 Mexico Olympics, and who was now in Johannesburg finishing a master’s thesis in metallurgy. They were working on a technique in which both fencers lunge simultaneously, and the one who reads the other’s move a split second earlier wins the point. They came at each other. Wilkinson’s foil caught the edge of Bonfil’s sleeve. There was a pop.

    Continue reading...

  • Melbourne zoo’s new breeding centre hopes to safeguard the future of the critically endangered Victorian grassland earless dragon

    The dragons’ lair looks deceptively ordinary: a pair of pale green portables, tucked behind the reptile enclosure at Melbourne zoo.

    But the plain exterior belies its hidden treasures. Inside, dozens of Victorian grassland earless dragons, blissfully unaware of their status as Australia’s most imperilled reptile, are basking on rocks, gobbling up crickets or lapping up “dew”, expertly misted by their keeper Zac Harkin.

    Sign up to get climate and environment editor Adam Morton’s Clear Air column as a free newsletter

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen