Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

2023. na Hvaru otkrivena su dva lokaliteta orhideja od strane gostujućih stručnjaka iz Zagreba, koji su pronašli endem Ophrys pharia i Himantoglossum robertianum.

Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Photo courtesy of Berislav Horvatić & Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Hrvatske divlje orhideje nisu spektakularne vrste poput onih iz tropskih krajeva. Iako cijenjene među ljubiteljima prirode, prečesto lokalnom stanovništvu prolaze neprimijećeno. Rezultat toga je nemarno uništavanje orhideja i njihovih staništa, posebno kroz ekstenzivnu uporabu herbicida. Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska je vrhunska botaničarka, po profesiji nastavnica. Njezin suprug Berislav Horvatić bio je viši znanstveni suradnik na Institutu za fiziku u Zagrebu, a nakon umirovljenja posvetio je velik dio svog vremena, ali i znanstvene stručnosti proučavanju orhideja zajedno sa svojom suprugom.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys pharia bila je godinama nedohvatljiva. Berislav i Ljiljana znali su da je Ophrys pharia specifična za Hvar: opisali su je P. Devillers i J. Devillers-Terschuren u časopisu Naturalistes Belges (vol. 85: 233) 2004. godine, a fotografirali su je u blizini sela Vrbanj u središnjem dijelu Hvara u travnju 2007. godine.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Lijljana Borovečki-Voska

Prije 2004. godine, Ophrys pharia bila je opisana kao podvrsta. Kada su 29. travnja 2023. krenuli u potragu za Ophrys phariu na Hvaru, bili su svjesni da će to biti zastrašujući izazov, možda čak i 'nemoguća misija'. Ophrys pharia opisana je na web stranici „Orchids of Britain and Europe“: „Ovo je veoma ugrožena vrsta, za koju se smatralo da je ne samo endem za Hrvatsku, već specifično za otok Hvar, gdje sve agresivnije poljoprivredne metode smanjuju stanište dostupno ovoj vrsti koju sada postaje izuzetno teško pronaći, čak i na njenim nekadašnjim uporištima oko Vrboske, u središnjem dijelu otoka.“

Ophrys pharia u polju. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kada se ugleda sitne orhideje stisnute među ostalim divljim cvijećem, bude sasvim jasno zašto je potrebna stručna makrofotografija kako bi se potvrdilo opažanje rijetkih vrsta!

Ophrys pharia u prirodi. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Još važnije, značajke po kojima se razlikuju pojedine orhideje od drugih, često su vrlo suptilni detalji, što naravno čini orhideje tako fascinantnim i izazovnim biljkama za proučavanje.

Berislav slika orhideje.

Pravi stručnjaci poput Ljiljane (kojih je naravno vrlo malo) godinama strpljivo promatraju orhideje kako bi mogli sa sigurnošću identificirati različite vrste. Ophrys pharia križa se s Ophrys rhodostephane i ti hibridi su izuzetno rijetki.

Hibrid ophrys pharia x ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska
Hibridi. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys rhodostephane se izrazito razlikuje od Ophrys pharia te obiluje u Dalmaciji, a i na Hvaru. Vrijedan savjet Berislava: „najbolji i najlakši način da ih vidite mnogo je spora vožnja starom cestom između Brusja i Selca - naravno, u pravo doba godine. Neasfaltirana cesta kroz Rovan je također izvrsna.“ 

Ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Nizozemski stručnjak za orhideje Frank Verhart proučavao je orhideje tijekom nekoliko posjeta Hvaru, no nije ugledao Ophrys phariu, da bi na kraju Berislav i Ljiljana u roku od tri dana pronašli ništa manje od devet primjeraka u okolici Vrbanja! Poput Franka Verharta i drugih botaničara, odmah su podijelili svoja otkrića s hrvatskom bazom podataka Flora Croatica Database. Pronalazak Himantoglossum robertianum (sin. Barlia robertiana) bio je neočekivani bonus, kako prethodno nije bio zabilježen na Hvaru.

Himantoglossum robertianum. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Pronalazač je zapravo bio lokalni stanovnik Antun Vranković Bili iz sela Svirče. Iako se vrsta teško pronašla, nakon otkrića, Ljiljana i Berislav odmah su je identificirati. Prvobitno je viđena na području Rovana blizu Svirača. Ljiljana i Berislav su kasnije pronašli još jedan primjerak u masliniku ispod Pitava, zbog čega su zaključili da na otoku ima još primjeraka, iako rijetkih.

Antun Vranković Bili. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kako bi proslavili da Ophrys pharia nije izumrla na Hvaru, Berislav i Ljiljana su zabilježili svoje povijesno otkriće na šalicama kao trajni suvenir! 

Slavljeničke šalice. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Izuzetno smo zahvalni Berislavu Horvatiću i Ljiljani Borovečki-Voska što su s nama podijelili neprocjenjive informacije o svom uspješnom terenskom putovanju na Hvar 2023. godine, kao i na dopuštenju da koristimo njihove tekstove i fotografije. Njihova predanost je od iznimne pomoći u kampanji podizanja svijesti o detaljima predivnih prirodnih resursa Hrvatske, kako bi ih očuvali i njegovali za buduće generacije. 

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska autorica je knjige „Orhideje na Strahinjščici i susjednim područjima“, u nakladi Alfa, 2010. godine.

Relevantni članci:

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska, Berislav Horvatic. 2020.  Orhidejski hibridi (Orchidaceae) na otoku Krku. Orchid hybrids (Orchidceae) on the Island of Krk. Glasnik hrvatskog botaničkog društva. (Article in Croatian)

Frank Verhart: Orchid observations in Croatia in 2017 and 2018: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tqx1iIJUFLN8H7LJlFTkvlD6YhdzfsmJ/edit

Frank Verhart: 2017. Orchids on Pelješac. Eco Hvar website.

Frank Verhart. Orchid observations in Croatia in 2019. http://www.franknature.nl/Verhart%20orchid%20observations%20in%20Croatia%20in%202019.pdf

Grace Brewer. February 2024. Sneaky orchids and their pollination tricks. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Blog article.

© Vivian Grisogono 2024.
Prijevod: Josip Vlainić

 

 

Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Fishing club chaired by singer threatens court action over abstraction it says is putting rare trout population at risk

    The singer and environmentalist Feargal Sharkey is threatening to take the Environment Agency to court for draining a river that hosts the oldest fishing club in England and putting a rare population of brown trout at risk.

    The former Undertones frontman chairs the Amwell Magna Fishery, which has used the secluded stretch of the River Lea in Hertfordshire since 1841.

    Continue reading...

  • While famously rainswept, climate crisis, population growth and profligacymean the once unthinkable could be possible

    During the drought of 2022, London came perilously close to running out of water. Water companies and the government prayed desperately for rain as reservoirs ran low and the groundwater was slowly drained off.

    Contingency plans were drafted to ban businesses from using water; hotel swimming pools would have been drained, ponds allowed to dry up, offices to go uncleaned. If the lack of rainfall had continued for another year, it was possible that taps could have run dry.

    Continue reading...

  • Elongated area of low pressure likely to bring higher-than-usual levels of rainfall to normally arid region

    Unusual levels of rainfall are due to hit the southern Arabian peninsula this week, as a tropical wave – an elongated area of low pressure – progresses across theregion, triggering a marked increase in convective activity across western Yemen and south-western Saudi Arabia this week. There is a risk of thunderstorms until Wednesday, with forecast rainfall totals reaching about 50mm for Al Hudaydah region in Yemen and the Jazan province of Saudi Arabia.

    Although 50mm is not a particularly large rainfall total in most places, in this region it is enormous: Al Hudaydah typically records only 65mm annually, while Jazan averages about 150mm.

    Continue reading...

  • Edinburgh: Otters upstream, a tern colony down … I’m happy to be somewhere in-between watching dippers and wagtails

    You remember your first. Mine was in 1978 – a turquoise flash zipping low over a murky Oxfordshire river. A moment in the eyes, a lifetime in the memory.

    I’ve seen plenty more kingfishers since then, but you never spurn an opportunity, and the Water of Leith – a tranquil haven minutes from Edinburgh’s centre – fits the bill. Just over 20 miles from source in the Pentlands to outflow into the Firth of Forth, it has earned its reputation as Edinburgh’s hidden jewel. You could spend a month here and never suspect its existence, yet for the initiated it offers respite from the relentlessness of fringe season.

    Continue reading...

  • For more than two months, the bright orange butterflies have been descending on Nannup in WA’s south-west, attracted by invasive plant species

    Lounging on the tulips, roosting in the eucalyptus, humming around the bottlebrush – a butterfly swarm has invaded a rural Australian town to the delight of locals and tourists alike.

    Thousands of monarch butterflies have taken over Nannup, in south-west Western Australia, although experts warn their high numbers are evidence of the advance of invasive weeds.

    Continue reading...

  • Exclusive: Study expected to confirm there are enough suitable sites to support bird of prey’s return

    After more than 150 years, golden eagles could be set to return to England, as a study is expected to confirm there are enough suitable sites to support the reintroduction of the UK’s most iconic bird of prey.

    Golden eagles, which can have a wingspan of more than 2 metres, are occasionally seen in areas such as Northumberland. However, these birds come from a growing population in southern Scotland. A recent project to reintroduce the birds in Scotland is likely to be a model for any reintroduction in England.

    Continue reading...

  • The Cooling Solution is a photographic and scientific project that aims to show how people are adapting to high temperatures and increasing humidity across different countries, cultures and socioeconomic conditions

    As temperatures rise around the world, the inequality between those who can afford to stay cool and those forced to suffer is laid ever more bare. For some, air conditioning is a given; for others it is an unaffordable luxury.

    The photographer Gaia Squarci and researcher Jacopo Crimi visited Brazil, India, Indonesia and Italy to photograph the stories of people in extreme heat and how they are learning to adapt to it.

    Continue reading...

  • Canada’s response to the extreme weather threat is being upended as the traditional epicentre of the blazes shifts as the climate warms

    Road closures, evacuations, travel chaos and stern warnings from officials have become fixtures of Canada’s wildfire season. But as the country goes through its second-worst burn on record, the blazes come with a twist: few are coming from the western provinces, the traditional centre of destruction.

    Instead, the worst of the fires have been concentrated in the prairie provinces and the Atlantic region, with bone-dry conditions upending how Canada responds to a threat that is only likely to grow as the climate warms.

    Continue reading...

  • After a historic land buyback by the US Forest Service, Tlingit crew members are demolishing culverts to restore streams, salmon runs and cultural history deep in the Tongass national forest

    The morning begins with a sense of anticipation – the calm before 1,200lbs of explosives detonate a stream culvert buried 10ft in Alaska’s Tongass national forest.

    Jamie Daniels, 53, and his crew of Tlingit forestry workers take cover in a glade of alders.

    Continue reading...

  • They helped create the modern world but are dangerously overused. How can we harness them sustainably?

    In 1954, just a few years after the widespread introduction of antibiotics, doctors were already aware of the problem of resistance. Natural selection meant that using these new medicines gave an advantage to the microbes that could survive the assault – and a treatment that worked today could become ineffective tomorrow. A British doctor put the challenge in military terms: “We may run clean out of effective ammunition. Then how the bacteria and moulds will lord it.”

    More than 70 years later, that concern looks prescient. The UN has called antibiotic resistance “one of the most urgent global health threats”. Researchers estimate that resistance already kills more than a million people a year, with that number forecast to grow. And new antibiotics are not being discovered fast enough; many that are essential today were discovered more than 60 years ago.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen