Eco Hvar

Insekti nam trebaju!

Objavljeno u Za dobrobit svih

Naša kampanja protiv korištenja otrova na neodgovoran način je počela prije nekoliko godina.

Insekti nam trebaju!

Od kolovoza 2017., imali smo korespodenciju s više državnih i lokalnih organa. Međutim, do dan danas, nismo dobili adekvatan odgovor na naša pitanja. Čak kad smo upitali Zavod za javno zdravstvo Splitsko-dalmatinske županije temeljem Zakona o pravu na pristup informacijama, 19.01.2018. i 30.04.208. (NN 25/13), prošlo je nekoliko mjeseci a nismo dobili očitovanje.

Nakon nekoliko reakcija Ministarstva zdravstva smo shvatili da Ministarstvo i Zavod ne uvažavaju prijave ako ne dolaze od njihovih inspektora. Očito inspektori ne gledaju provedbu Programa mjera dezinsekcije i deratizacije s istog gledišta kao mi i ne žele uvažavati naše primjedbe - iako su te primjedbe utemeljene u državnim Zakonima i Pravilnicima. Tako da je taj krug zatvoren i ovako nećemo napredovati nikako.

Trudimo se raditi za dobrobit naše Domovine. Mi smo citirali probleme i moguća kršenja Zakona u vezi Programa DD-a na Hvaru, ali smatramo da je ta problematika ista u cijeloj Hrvatskoj, na štetu naroda i okoliša.

Našim istraživanjem i promatranjem utvrdili smo da suprotno Pravilniku o načinu obvezatne DDD (NN 35/07, 76/12) 1) kemijski otrovi su prvi i jedini način suzbijanja insekata; 2) zamagljivanje se provodi na neodgovoran način sa sredstvima koja su štetna za ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš; 3) upozorenje o akcijama zamagljivanja su sve više neadekvatna; 4) nazivi i moguće nuspojave sredstava s kojim se obavlja zamagljivanje ne objavljaju se; 5) Pravilnik nije u skladu s temeljnim intencijama Zakona o zaštiti pučanstva od zaraznih bolesti (NN 60/92). Doduše, iskustvo i u Hrvatskoj a i drugim zemljama pokazuje da otrovi nisu efikasni za suzbijanje neželjenih insekata i životinja, nego stvaraju probleme kolateralne štete i otpornosti kod ciljenih štetnika.

Zbog navedenog, naši ciljevi su:

1. tražimo izmjenu Pravilnika (NN 76/12), klauzulu 2. članak 10, da se izbacuju iz popisa 2-7, jer ovako su ciljeni svi insekti, što je katastrofa za okoliš i nije u skladu sa intencijama Zakona (NN 60/92);

2. da se za dezinskeciju i deratizaciju istražuju bolje, ekološke metode za suzbijanje štetnika.

3. da rad inspektora u vezi Programa DDD-a bude pod strožijem nadzorom;

4. da akcije zamagljivanja budu javno, jasno i transparentno objavljane, i upozorenja budu i u stranim jezicima;

5. da otrovi korišteni u tim akcijama budu objavljeni zajedno uz popis mogućih nuspojava;

6. da točna ruta vozila zamagljivanja bude objavljena;

7. da otrovi za deratizaciju ne budu djeljeni općenito narodu;

8. da raticidni otrovi koji se dijele budu u sigurnim kutijama, i da se vodi evidencija kome su predani;

9. da imena otrova za deratizaciju koji su djeljeni budu objavljena, uz popis mogućih nuspojava kao i upute na stranim jezicima;

10. da tvrtka koja dijeli otrove za deratizaciju pokupi korištene kutije kasnije ​poslije upotrebe;

11. da za sve otrove čija upotreba se reklamira u Hrvatskoj budu jasno naznačene moguće štetne nuspojave u svim oblicima javnog informiranja kao i na mjestima prodaje;

12. da se obrati pažnju na ključno pitanje edukacija svih ljudi koji upotrebljavaju različite otrove da su detaljno upoznati s mogućim nuspojavama

DDD PROGRAM: HVAR, STARI GRAD, JELSA 2017 - 2018, PESTICIDI I MOGUĆE NUSPOJAVE

DETALJI O PESTICIDIMA I NJIHOVIM MOGUĆIM NUSPOJAVAMA

Za ažurirane opširnije informacije o pesticidima, njihovim mogućim nuspojavama i statusom odobrenja uz stručne dokaze, vidjeti 'Pesticidni proizvodi u Hrvatskoj' i 'Pesticidi, njihove moguće nuspojave i status odobrenja'

RODENTICID European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) kôd odobrenja PT14, rodenticidi

RATIMOR: aktivna tvar BROMADIOLON, Rodenticid - antikoagulant - superwarfarin - antagonist 4-hidroksikumarinskih vitamina K, antikoagulantni otrov.Bromadiolon mogući štetni učinci: može biti koban ako se proguta, udahne ili u dodiru sa kožom; može oštetiti plodnost ili nerođeno dijete; može uzrokovati oštećenje organa kod ljudi; vrlo toksičan za ribe i vodeni život, također za gliste.
EU: Odobrenje 01.06.2011., istječe 31.05.2021., nije više odobren ( 2023. ). ECHA: Odobren 01.07.2011. - 30.06.2024., ( zahtjev za obnovu odobrenja već u tijeku u lipnju 2023. )
2023. Ratimor proizvodi nisu više odobreni u Hrvatskoj.
 
INSECTICIDI (ECHA kôd odobrenja PT18, insekticidi, akaricidi, proizvodi za suzbijanje drugih člankonožaca)
 
AQUATAIN AMF. Larvicid na bazi PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)
Stvori tanki sloj silikona na površini vode koje sprečava normalan razvoj juvenilnih stadija komaraca (ličinki i kukuljica)
Aquatain mogući štetni učinci: uzrokuje štetu kod neciljanih organizama
EU: oslobođen od registracije pri Europskoj Komisiji, zbog načina djelovanja.
 
CIPEX 10E i MICROFLY: aktivna tvar CIPERMETRIN, Sintetički piretroid.
Cipermetrin, moguće nuspojave: vrlo otrovan za mačke, pčele, vodene insekte i ribe, a manje za ptice; kod ljudi, klasificiran kao mogući uzrok raka; trovanje cipermetrinom može uzrokovati utrnuće, žarenje, gubitak kontrole nad mjehurom, povraćanje, gubitak koordinacije, komu, iznenadne napadaje i smrt.
EU: odobrenje 01.03.2006, isteklo 31.10.2018. Cipermetrin je ponovno odobren provedbom Uredbom Komisije 2018/1130 (13.08.2018). ( lipanj 2023. ) Cipermetrin odobren 01.02.2022 - 31.01.2029. pod uvjetom: dopuštene su samo uporabe izvan razdoblja cvatnje kultura te u razdoblju kada nisu prisutni korovi u cvatu (Provedbena uredba 24.11.2021.). ECHA: odobren, PT18, 01.06.2020. - 31.05.2030 Dana 24.10.2018., bilo je 100 proizvoda na temelju cipermetrina, a svi su za zaštitu drva (wood preservatives), niti jedan za korištenje u zraku, odnosno za zamagljivanje. U lipnju 2023. je bilo 50 autorizacija za insekticidne proizvode ( PT18 ).
2023. Cipex 10E i Microfly nisu više odobreni u Hrvatskoj.
 
PERMEX 22E aktivne tvari PERMETRIN and TETRAMETRIN, sintetički piretroidi.
uz sinergist (inertna tvar / mješavina): PIPERONIL BUTOKSID (PBO)
 
Permetrin moguće nuspojave: visoko je toksičan za pčele, organizme iz mora, ribe i druge životinje iz divljine; otrovan za mačke; na ljude može utjecati na imunosni i endokrini sustav; Američka Environmental Protection Agency ga procjenjuje potencijalno kancerogenim.
EU: Permetrin nije odobren. ECHA: odobren, PT18., 01.05.2016. - 30.04.2025. ( u lipnju 2023. do 30.04.2026. ) Permetrin je bio ponovno odobren provedenom Uredbom Komisije 1090/2014 (16.10.2014), ali, kao cipermetrin, samo uvjetno. Od166 autorizacija za proizvode na bazi permetrina na popisu ECHA-a (24.10.2018.), samo 10 nije bilo za zaštitu drva. Po uvjetima odobrenja nije dozvoljeno koristiti permetrin za zamagljivanje. U lipnju 2023. je bilo 46 autorizacija za insekticide na bazi permetrina ( PT18 ). Permex 22e i Permex 22ec nisu bili na popisu ECHA-a dozvoljenih proizvoda.
 
Tetrametrin moguće nuspojave: potencijalno kancerogen za ljude; visoko toksičan za pčele i vodene organizme, uključujući ribe i beskralješnjake; može uzrokovati mantanje, teškoće s disanjem, kašalj, iritaciju oka, gastrointestinalne tegobe, mjehuriće i osip na koži.
EU, ECHA: Tetrametrin nije odobren. (zabranjen u Americi još 2015.g.)
 
Piperonil butoksid (PBO) mogući štetni učinci: otrovan za ribe; može ozrokovati urođene mane, uključujući holoprozencefaliju; može usporiti mentalni razvoj kod dojenčadi; studije na životinjama pokazuju moguće oštećenje, uključujući tumore kod miševa i štakora.
ECHA: Piperonil butoksid odobren, PT18, 01.07.2018. - 30.06.2028.
2023. Permex 22E nije odobren za 'zaštitu bilja' Odobren kao biocid 26.04.2012.
 
MUHOMOR aktivna tvar AZAMETIPOS. Organofosfat, namijenjen za uporabu na ciljana područja a ne za prskanje u zraku; uglavnom se koristi protiv muha u zatvorenim prostorima, na konjima, govedima, svinjama i pilićima.
 
Azametipos mogući štetni učinci: vrlo otrovan za vodeni život s dugotrajnim učincima; otrovan za ptice; vrlo otrovan za ljude ako se proguta ili udahne; može uzrokovati glavobolje, slabost, nervozu, znojenje, povraćanje i poteškoće s gutanjem; izloženost visokim razinama može uzrokovati mišićno trzanje, bolove u očima, nerazgovijetan govor, koliku, hiper-salivaciju, poteškoće sa srcem, poteškoće sa disanjem, grčeve i padanje u nesvijest; također u kontaktu sa očima ili kožom izaziva njihovu iritaciju
EU, ECHA: Azametipos nije odobren. Prema Programu Zavoda za Javno Zdravstvo SDŽ Muhomor nije bio na popisu preporučenih / dozvoljenih pesticida za mjere dezinsekcije.
2023. Muhomor odobren kao biocid 2014., nije odobren za 'zaštitu bilja'.
 
BATURAD aktivna tvar BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS (Bti), bakterija tla.
Bti mogući štetni učinci: mogući uzročnik problema sa reprodukcijom ptica; dugoročna uporaba možda uzrokuje gubitak biološke raznolikosti u okolišu; može uznemiriti važne močvarne organizme; može izazvati iritaciju očiju i kože kod ljudi i životinja; može biti štetan ako se udiše.
EU: Odobren 01.05.2009, istječe 30.04.2019, krajni rok 30.04.2020. ( lipanj 2023. ): Bt subsp. israelensis Serotype H14, strain AM65-52 odobren 01.05.2009. - 15.08.2024. ECHA: ( 2018. ) Btiodobren, PT18, 01.10.2013. - 30.09.2023. ( lipanj 2023. ) Bt subsp. israelensis Serotype H14, strain AM65-52 odobren, 01.10.2013. - 30.09.2023.; Bt subsp. israelensis, strain SA3A odobren 01.07.2016 - 30.06.2026.;
2023. Baturad odnosno Belthirul odobren za 'zaštitu bilja'; nije odobren kao biocid.
 
DIMILIN: aktivna tvar DIFLUBENZURON, insekticid benzamida, regulator rasta insekata (Ometač) (IGR).
Diflubenzuron mogući štetni učinci: vrlo otrovan za slatkovodne i morske beskralježnjake; umjereno toksičan za ribe i gliste; malo toksičan za ptice; utječe na hemoglobin kod pokusa na životinjama; može uzrokovati poteškoće sa disanjem kod ljudi; izravan kontakt može biti štetan za kožu i oči; metaboliti su mogući ljudski karcinogen.
EU: Odobrenje 01.01.2009., isteklo 31.12.2018., krajni rok produžen do 31.12.2019. ( lipanj 2023. ) Diflubenzuron nije odobren. ECHA: odobren, PT18, 01.02.2015. - 31.01.2025. Dana 26. listopada 2018. godine Dimilin i još dva insekticida bazirana na Diflubenzuronu odobreni su za upotrebu do 2027. godine prema listi Europske Agencije za Kemikalije, dok Vigilante i Micromite nisu bili uključeni. Dana 12.02.2019., samo su dva proizvoda bila na popisu odobrenih sredstava: Dimilin 5 i Labyrinth+. U kolovozu 2023. bilo je 8 dozvoljenih proizvoda na popisu.
2023. Dimilin 5 nije bio na popisu dozvoljenih biocida u Hrvatskoj. Odobreni su Dimilin SC48 ( 14.01. 2010. ), Dimilin TB2 i Dimilin SC15 ( 10.08.2009. ) ali nisu na popisu ECHA-a.
 
QUICKBAYT: aktivne tvari IMIDAKLOPRID, neonikotinoid, i TRICOSENE (muscalure, Z-9-tricosene, cis-tricos-9-ene, muscamone) feromon izoliran iz kućne muhe (Musca domestica)
 
Imidakloprid moguće štetne nuspojave: vrlo otrovan za organizme koji žive u vodi, može dugotrajno štetno djelovati u vodi; vrlo otrovno za vodeni okoliš s dugotrajnim učincima; vrlo otrovan za pčele, ptice; otrovno za ribe, gliste, sisavce; dugoročno štetan u tlu; kod ljudi: štetan ako se proguta; može uzrokovati toksičnost za reproduktivne organe; mogući faktor u poremečaju autističnog spektra.
EU: Odobren do 31/07/2022., ali zabranjen za neke vrste cvijeća. ( lipanj 2023.) Imidakloprid nije odobren ECHA: odobren, PT18, 01.07.2013. - 30.06.2023. ( kolovoz 2023. ) zahtjev za obnavljanje odobrenja još u tijeku.
 
Tricosene mogući štetni učinci: vrlo otrovan za vodene beskralježnace; kod ljudi, izravan kontakt može biti štetan za kožu i oči; može uzrokovati poteškoće sa disanjem
EU: Tricosene nije odobren. ECHA: Odobren, PT19, repelenti i atraktanti, 01/10/2014 - 30/09/2024.
[2023. Quick Bayt na bazi samog imidakloprida odobren kao biocid 10.08.2009.]

© Vivian Grisogono MA(Oxon), 2018., tekst ažuriran u kolovozu 2023.

 

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