Eco Hvar

Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

2023. na Hvaru otkrivena su dva lokaliteta orhideja od strane gostujućih stručnjaka iz Zagreba, koji su pronašli endem Ophrys pharia i Himantoglossum robertianum.

Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Photo courtesy of Berislav Horvatić & Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Hrvatske divlje orhideje nisu spektakularne vrste poput onih iz tropskih krajeva. Iako cijenjene među ljubiteljima prirode, prečesto lokalnom stanovništvu prolaze neprimijećeno. Rezultat toga je nemarno uništavanje orhideja i njihovih staništa, posebno kroz ekstenzivnu uporabu herbicida. Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska je vrhunska botaničarka, po profesiji nastavnica. Njezin suprug Berislav Horvatić bio je viši znanstveni suradnik na Institutu za fiziku u Zagrebu, a nakon umirovljenja posvetio je velik dio svog vremena, ali i znanstvene stručnosti proučavanju orhideja zajedno sa svojom suprugom.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys pharia bila je godinama nedohvatljiva. Berislav i Ljiljana znali su da je Ophrys pharia specifična za Hvar: opisali su je P. Devillers i J. Devillers-Terschuren u časopisu Naturalistes Belges (vol. 85: 233) 2004. godine, a fotografirali su je u blizini sela Vrbanj u središnjem dijelu Hvara u travnju 2007. godine.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Lijljana Borovečki-Voska

Prije 2004. godine, Ophrys pharia bila je opisana kao podvrsta. Kada su 29. travnja 2023. krenuli u potragu za Ophrys phariu na Hvaru, bili su svjesni da će to biti zastrašujući izazov, možda čak i 'nemoguća misija'. Ophrys pharia opisana je na web stranici „Orchids of Britain and Europe“: „Ovo je veoma ugrožena vrsta, za koju se smatralo da je ne samo endem za Hrvatsku, već specifično za otok Hvar, gdje sve agresivnije poljoprivredne metode smanjuju stanište dostupno ovoj vrsti koju sada postaje izuzetno teško pronaći, čak i na njenim nekadašnjim uporištima oko Vrboske, u središnjem dijelu otoka.“

Ophrys pharia u polju. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kada se ugleda sitne orhideje stisnute među ostalim divljim cvijećem, bude sasvim jasno zašto je potrebna stručna makrofotografija kako bi se potvrdilo opažanje rijetkih vrsta!

Ophrys pharia u prirodi. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Još važnije, značajke po kojima se razlikuju pojedine orhideje od drugih, često su vrlo suptilni detalji, što naravno čini orhideje tako fascinantnim i izazovnim biljkama za proučavanje.

Berislav slika orhideje.

Pravi stručnjaci poput Ljiljane (kojih je naravno vrlo malo) godinama strpljivo promatraju orhideje kako bi mogli sa sigurnošću identificirati različite vrste. Ophrys pharia križa se s Ophrys rhodostephane i ti hibridi su izuzetno rijetki.

Hibrid ophrys pharia x ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska
Hibridi. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys rhodostephane se izrazito razlikuje od Ophrys pharia te obiluje u Dalmaciji, a i na Hvaru. Vrijedan savjet Berislava: „najbolji i najlakši način da ih vidite mnogo je spora vožnja starom cestom između Brusja i Selca - naravno, u pravo doba godine. Neasfaltirana cesta kroz Rovan je također izvrsna.“ 

Ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Nizozemski stručnjak za orhideje Frank Verhart proučavao je orhideje tijekom nekoliko posjeta Hvaru, no nije ugledao Ophrys phariu, da bi na kraju Berislav i Ljiljana u roku od tri dana pronašli ništa manje od devet primjeraka u okolici Vrbanja! Poput Franka Verharta i drugih botaničara, odmah su podijelili svoja otkrića s hrvatskom bazom podataka Flora Croatica Database. Pronalazak Himantoglossum robertianum (sin. Barlia robertiana) bio je neočekivani bonus, kako prethodno nije bio zabilježen na Hvaru.

Himantoglossum robertianum. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Pronalazač je zapravo bio lokalni stanovnik Antun Vranković Bili iz sela Svirče. Iako se vrsta teško pronašla, nakon otkrića, Ljiljana i Berislav odmah su je identificirati. Prvobitno je viđena na području Rovana blizu Svirača. Ljiljana i Berislav su kasnije pronašli još jedan primjerak u masliniku ispod Pitava, zbog čega su zaključili da na otoku ima još primjeraka, iako rijetkih.

Antun Vranković Bili. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kako bi proslavili da Ophrys pharia nije izumrla na Hvaru, Berislav i Ljiljana su zabilježili svoje povijesno otkriće na šalicama kao trajni suvenir! 

Slavljeničke šalice. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Izuzetno smo zahvalni Berislavu Horvatiću i Ljiljani Borovečki-Voska što su s nama podijelili neprocjenjive informacije o svom uspješnom terenskom putovanju na Hvar 2023. godine, kao i na dopuštenju da koristimo njihove tekstove i fotografije. Njihova predanost je od iznimne pomoći u kampanji podizanja svijesti o detaljima predivnih prirodnih resursa Hrvatske, kako bi ih očuvali i njegovali za buduće generacije. 

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska autorica je knjige „Orhideje na Strahinjščici i susjednim područjima“, u nakladi Alfa, 2010. godine.

Relevantni članci:

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska, Berislav Horvatic. 2020.  Orhidejski hibridi (Orchidaceae) na otoku Krku. Orchid hybrids (Orchidceae) on the Island of Krk. Glasnik hrvatskog botaničkog društva. (Article in Croatian)

Frank Verhart: Orchid observations in Croatia in 2017 and 2018: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tqx1iIJUFLN8H7LJlFTkvlD6YhdzfsmJ/edit

Frank Verhart: 2017. Orchids on Pelješac. Eco Hvar website.

Frank Verhart. Orchid observations in Croatia in 2019. http://www.franknature.nl/Verhart%20orchid%20observations%20in%20Croatia%20in%202019.pdf

Grace Brewer. February 2024. Sneaky orchids and their pollination tricks. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Blog article.

© Vivian Grisogono 2024.
Prijevod: Josip Vlainić

 

 

Srodni sadržaj (po oznakama)

na vrh članka
Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

Eco Environment News feeds

  • More drilling in North Sea ‘not the answer’ for UK energy security, say former military leaders

    Government told to focus on transition to mix of wind, solar, tidal and nuclear energy

    More drilling in the North Sea would do nothing to improve the UK’s energy security, former military leaders have said, as a new analysis finds no fossil fuel importer is safe from chokepoints in the global supply chain.

    The government should focus on a rapid transition to a mix of wind, solar, tidal and nuclear energy to ensure the UK’s future security, the former military leaders told the Guardian, as well as a programme of energy efficiency and a “major renewal” of the electricity grid.

    Continue reading...

  • ‘A national scandal’: trawlers scour seabeds of supposedly protected UK waters

    ‘Precious ocean life is being pushed to the brink,’ say campaigners, arguing that overfished marine areas are ‘protected only on paper’

    Almost 40% of England’s seas are designated as marine protected areas. Their purpose, the government says, is “to protect and recover rare threatened and important marine ecosystems … from damage caused by human activities”.

    And yet in the four years to 2024, trawlers using vast nets, including those that scour the seabed, caught more than 1.3m tonnes of fish within them, according to official figures that campaigners say show they are “little more than lines on a map”.

    Continue reading...

  • Rubbish and recycling in England: what’s changing and why it matters

    Nationwide reforms aim to standardise collections and expand food waste recycling to tackle stagnating rates

    Recycling rules across England have long been inconsistent – but that will change from Tuesday when the government’s Simpler Recycling legislation comes into effect.

    Continue reading...

  • ‘Something out of the ordinary’: why are Japan’s oysters dying en masse?

    A death rate of up to 90%, attributed to warming seas, is threatening the trade in Hiroshima prefecture, which produces most of the country’s farmed oysters

    The Kure oyster festival is doing a brisk trade in beer and grilled meat on sticks. But the longest queues are in front of the oyster stalls, where chefs shuffle piles of mottled shellfish across griddles, waiting for their hinges to ease and reveal their fleshy interiors.

    Nobuyuki Miyaoka, who is attending the festival with his son, daughter-in-law and their young children, likes his oysters steamed with sake and served with a few drops of tangy ponzu sauce. “The local oysters were fine until this year,” he says. “They used to be a lot bigger … look how small they are.”

    Chefs prepare oysters at the Kure oyster festival. This year, local businesses and consumers say the shellfish have been scarce and smaller than usual

    Continue reading...

  • Country diary: These ‘mystery’ geese and I have a fond history | Nick Acheson

    Holkham, Norfolk: They’re noisy and boisterous and should by rights should be breeding in Siberia, not eastern England. But I’m delighted they’re here

    Barnacle geese in Norfolk still surprise me. In my childhood, tiny numbers from the Siberian population visited, but only in the cruellest spells of winter. Even though I know that they breed in Norfolk now, seeing 700 of them over Holkham Park today is oddly jarring.

    I hear them first, as I tiptoe past an angry pair of cheese-beaked greylags to admire a cherry plum in bloom. I register their breathy, barking calls. Ah yes, the barnacles are back.

    Continue reading...

  • Rachel Reeves to tell G7 accelerating shift to clean energy is best defence against energy price shocks

    Starmer to convene major energy industry and insurance figures to draw up emergency plans amid continued blockade of strait of Hormuz

    Rachel Reeves will warn G7 nations they must move faster on clean energy to insulate economies against global price shocks from oil and gas as she and the energy secretary Ed Miliband meet G7 finance and energy ministers on Monday.

    Keir Starmer will also gather major energy industry and insurance figures to thrash out what emergency measures might be needed to contain the continuing crisis from the blockade of the strait of Hormuz.

    Continue reading...

  • I discovered the elusive chestnut mining bee in New York after a gap of 119 years

    For decades, there was no record of Andrena rehni exisiting in the US. In 2018 it was found in Maryland and five years later I found it in New York State

    I’ve loved insects ever since I was a kid and spent summers looking for them. My mum would always tell me that from the age of one – even before I could walk – I would happily sit outside, watching ants and trying to follow them back to their colony.

    As an adult, I take people out to meadows with nets to catch insects and take a close look at them. It’s about trying to cultivate a childlike curiosity that people have lost or forgotten in daily life.

    Continue reading...

  • ‘We didn’t want to be preachy’: David Attenborough’s unexpected new show – which might enrage cat lovers

    The great naturalist, who is about to turn 100, is still surprised by wildlife in his new series about British gardens. But not every pet owner will be happy with his top tips

    Whenever David Attenborough speaks, the world listens – so his latest BBC programme, which heralds the broadcaster’s 100th birthday, is bound to attract attention.

    Secret Garden, which features five different UK gardens, might not be what people normally expect from Attenborough, says the show’s series producer, Bill Markham, as “there’s no lions and tigers”.

    Continue reading...

  • Demand for hydropower surges as Trump clamps down on clean energy

    Home to one of the world’s largest deposits of freshwater, the Great Lakes region will soon host next-generation generators – just as prices are being hiked across the US

    Submersible hydroelectric technology deployed across the Great Lakes could become a key cog in clean energy efforts, supporters say, amid surging electricity demand and costs.

    Home to one of the largest deposits of freshwater on the planet, the Great Lakes region has on its shores some of the largest cities in North America in Chicago, Toronto, Montreal and Detroit, where electricity demand is growing. While none of the five Great Lakes have significant tides or currents to fuel hydropower, several of the waterways that link the lakes do.

    Continue reading...

  • A costly plan will keep a steel plant in JD Vance’s hometown running. Locals are aghast: ‘It’s horrible’

    Fossil-fuel burning at Ohio facility could burn longer, leaving Middletown residents to face environmental risks

    It was just a few months after moving from Louisville to Middletown, Ohio, four years ago that Vivian Adams’s six-year-old daughter’s asthma problem worsened.

    “My daughter was born prematurely so she already had lung issues,” she says, “[but] it’s gotten worse. She stays sick and coughing and can’t breathe. She’s had to go on everyday medication for her asthma, plus she has a rescue inhaler.”

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen
Copyright © 2026 Eco Hvar. Sva prava zadržana. Developed by Orion Informatika.