Eco Hvar

Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

2023. na Hvaru otkrivena su dva lokaliteta orhideja od strane gostujućih stručnjaka iz Zagreba, koji su pronašli endem Ophrys pharia i Himantoglossum robertianum.

Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Photo courtesy of Berislav Horvatić & Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Hrvatske divlje orhideje nisu spektakularne vrste poput onih iz tropskih krajeva. Iako cijenjene među ljubiteljima prirode, prečesto lokalnom stanovništvu prolaze neprimijećeno. Rezultat toga je nemarno uništavanje orhideja i njihovih staništa, posebno kroz ekstenzivnu uporabu herbicida. Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska je vrhunska botaničarka, po profesiji nastavnica. Njezin suprug Berislav Horvatić bio je viši znanstveni suradnik na Institutu za fiziku u Zagrebu, a nakon umirovljenja posvetio je velik dio svog vremena, ali i znanstvene stručnosti proučavanju orhideja zajedno sa svojom suprugom.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys pharia bila je godinama nedohvatljiva. Berislav i Ljiljana znali su da je Ophrys pharia specifična za Hvar: opisali su je P. Devillers i J. Devillers-Terschuren u časopisu Naturalistes Belges (vol. 85: 233) 2004. godine, a fotografirali su je u blizini sela Vrbanj u središnjem dijelu Hvara u travnju 2007. godine.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Lijljana Borovečki-Voska

Prije 2004. godine, Ophrys pharia bila je opisana kao podvrsta. Kada su 29. travnja 2023. krenuli u potragu za Ophrys phariu na Hvaru, bili su svjesni da će to biti zastrašujući izazov, možda čak i 'nemoguća misija'. Ophrys pharia opisana je na web stranici „Orchids of Britain and Europe“: „Ovo je veoma ugrožena vrsta, za koju se smatralo da je ne samo endem za Hrvatsku, već specifično za otok Hvar, gdje sve agresivnije poljoprivredne metode smanjuju stanište dostupno ovoj vrsti koju sada postaje izuzetno teško pronaći, čak i na njenim nekadašnjim uporištima oko Vrboske, u središnjem dijelu otoka.“

Ophrys pharia u polju. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kada se ugleda sitne orhideje stisnute među ostalim divljim cvijećem, bude sasvim jasno zašto je potrebna stručna makrofotografija kako bi se potvrdilo opažanje rijetkih vrsta!

Ophrys pharia u prirodi. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Još važnije, značajke po kojima se razlikuju pojedine orhideje od drugih, često su vrlo suptilni detalji, što naravno čini orhideje tako fascinantnim i izazovnim biljkama za proučavanje.

Berislav slika orhideje.

Pravi stručnjaci poput Ljiljane (kojih je naravno vrlo malo) godinama strpljivo promatraju orhideje kako bi mogli sa sigurnošću identificirati različite vrste. Ophrys pharia križa se s Ophrys rhodostephane i ti hibridi su izuzetno rijetki.

Hibrid ophrys pharia x ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska
Hibridi. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys rhodostephane se izrazito razlikuje od Ophrys pharia te obiluje u Dalmaciji, a i na Hvaru. Vrijedan savjet Berislava: „najbolji i najlakši način da ih vidite mnogo je spora vožnja starom cestom između Brusja i Selca - naravno, u pravo doba godine. Neasfaltirana cesta kroz Rovan je također izvrsna.“ 

Ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Nizozemski stručnjak za orhideje Frank Verhart proučavao je orhideje tijekom nekoliko posjeta Hvaru, no nije ugledao Ophrys phariu, da bi na kraju Berislav i Ljiljana u roku od tri dana pronašli ništa manje od devet primjeraka u okolici Vrbanja! Poput Franka Verharta i drugih botaničara, odmah su podijelili svoja otkrića s hrvatskom bazom podataka Flora Croatica Database. Pronalazak Himantoglossum robertianum (sin. Barlia robertiana) bio je neočekivani bonus, kako prethodno nije bio zabilježen na Hvaru.

Himantoglossum robertianum. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Pronalazač je zapravo bio lokalni stanovnik Antun Vranković Bili iz sela Svirče. Iako se vrsta teško pronašla, nakon otkrića, Ljiljana i Berislav odmah su je identificirati. Prvobitno je viđena na području Rovana blizu Svirača. Ljiljana i Berislav su kasnije pronašli još jedan primjerak u masliniku ispod Pitava, zbog čega su zaključili da na otoku ima još primjeraka, iako rijetkih.

Antun Vranković Bili. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kako bi proslavili da Ophrys pharia nije izumrla na Hvaru, Berislav i Ljiljana su zabilježili svoje povijesno otkriće na šalicama kao trajni suvenir! 

Slavljeničke šalice. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Izuzetno smo zahvalni Berislavu Horvatiću i Ljiljani Borovečki-Voska što su s nama podijelili neprocjenjive informacije o svom uspješnom terenskom putovanju na Hvar 2023. godine, kao i na dopuštenju da koristimo njihove tekstove i fotografije. Njihova predanost je od iznimne pomoći u kampanji podizanja svijesti o detaljima predivnih prirodnih resursa Hrvatske, kako bi ih očuvali i njegovali za buduće generacije. 

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska autorica je knjige „Orhideje na Strahinjščici i susjednim područjima“, u nakladi Alfa, 2010. godine.

Relevantni članci:

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska, Berislav Horvatic. 2020.  Orhidejski hibridi (Orchidaceae) na otoku Krku. Orchid hybrids (Orchidceae) on the Island of Krk. Glasnik hrvatskog botaničkog društva. (Article in Croatian)

Frank Verhart: Orchid observations in Croatia in 2017 and 2018: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tqx1iIJUFLN8H7LJlFTkvlD6YhdzfsmJ/edit

Frank Verhart: 2017. Orchids on Pelješac. Eco Hvar website.

Frank Verhart. Orchid observations in Croatia in 2019. http://www.franknature.nl/Verhart%20orchid%20observations%20in%20Croatia%20in%202019.pdf

Grace Brewer. February 2024. Sneaky orchids and their pollination tricks. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Blog article.

© Vivian Grisogono 2024.
Prijevod: Josip Vlainić

 

 

Srodni sadržaj (po oznakama)

na vrh članka
Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Environmentalists decry ‘crushingly disappointing’ Pfas action plan for UK

    Ministers’ proposals to tackle ‘forever chemicals’ fail to match tougher stance taken in Europe, say experts

    Environmental campaigners have criticised a “crushingly disappointing” UK government plan to tackle “forever chemicals”, which they warn risks locking in decades of avoidable harm to people and the environment.

    The government said its Pfas action plan set out a “clear framework” of “coordinated action … to understand where these chemicals are coming from, how they spread and how to reduce public and environmental exposure”.

    Continue reading...

  • Riverford sales rise 6% as UK organics market enjoys biggest boom in two decades

    Sector bounces back as consumers focus on provenance and healthy eating, but is still well behind Europe

    Consumers searching for healthy food from trusted sources have fuelled the UK organic market’s biggest boom in two decades, according to vegetable box seller Riverford.

    The delivery business, which sells meat, cheese, cookbooks and recipe boxes alongside vegetables, recorded a 6% increase in sales to £117m in the year to May 2025, as the UK organic food and drink market grew by almost 9% in that year, according to new figures from the Soil Association. The strong growth, significantly outpacing the wider food market, helped the employee-owned business give a £1.1m bonus to workers.

    Continue reading...

  • Country diary: Succumbing to the serpent of shining green | Mark Cocker

    Priestcliffe, Derbyshire:The limestone walls in this parish are festooned with luminous mosses, in a variety that’s often beyond our comprehension

    The word bryophyte refers to a group of plants that may have colonised terrestrial Earth almost half a billion years ago. They need water to reproduce sexually and they love rain. So it’s hardly surprising that Britain is an important archipelago for them, with the two main groups, liverwort and mosses, represented by nearly 300 and 770 species respectively. This is a 20th of all the world’s bryophytes.

    Perhaps the best summary of the British public’s sense of the group was offered by a friend recently, who said that he hadn’t been aware that there was more than one bryophyte. Moss doesn’t occupy our conscious minds. It lives at the periphery, trembling on the edge of our sense of things. Especially when it rains, because moss is then even more luminous.

    Continue reading...

  • Race to contain suspected bird flu outbreak among Thames Valley swans

    Volunteer workers say increasing case numbers and dozens of dead birds raise fears spread is wider than recorded

    Members of the public and charity volunteers are working to contain a suspected outbreak of bird flu among swans in the Thames Valley, amid signs that confirmed cases are continuing to rise.

    Since October, 324 cases of bird flu in swans have been recorded by the Animal and Plant Health Agency (Apha), which is sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). Of these, 39 were recorded in the first four weeks of 2026 alone.

    Continue reading...

  • ‘Nothing is sacred to them’: the race to save rare plants as Russian troops advance

    With some of Ukraine’s most valuable biodiversity sites and science facilities under occupation, experts at Sofiyivka Park in Uman are struggling to preserve the country’s natural history

    In the basement laboratory of the National Dendrological Park Sofiyivka, Larisa Kolder tends to dozens of specimens of Moehringia hypanicabetween power outages. Just months earlier, she and her team at this microclonal plant propagation laboratory in Uman, Ukraine, received 23 seeds of the rare flower.

    Listed as threatened in Ukraine’s Red Book of endangered species, Moehringiagrows nowhere else in the wild but the Mykolaiv region of Ukraine. Of those 23 seeds, only two grew into plants that Kolder and her colleagues could clone in their laboratory, but now her lab is home to a small grove of Moehringiaseedlings, including 80 that have put down roots in a small but vital win for biodiversity conservation amid Russia’s war with Ukraine.

    Continue reading...

  • Is tyre pollution causing mass deaths in vulnerable salmon populations?

    A US judge will decide if, as research suggests, a chemical tyre additive is harming endangered fish species

    Last week, a district judge in San Francisco, California, presided over a three-day trial brought by west coast fishers and conservationists against US tyre companies. The fishers allege that a chemical additive used in tyres is polluting rivers and waterways, killing coho salmon and other fish. If successful, the case could have implications far beyond the United States.

    Continue reading...

  • Is Trump winning or losing his war on offshore wind power?

    The US president tried to kill offshore wind projects – now four are back under construction

    Construction has resumed on four offshore wind mega-projects after they survived a near-fatal attack by Donald Trump’s administration thanks to rulings by federal judges. These are being seen as victories for clean energy amid a wider war being waged on it by the Trump administration.

    The windfarms are considered critical by grid planners as America faces an energy affordability crisis. Together, the four projects will contribute nearly five gigawatts of energy to the east coast, enough to power 3.5m homes.

    Continue reading...

  • From Dorset to the world: wave of donations helps to secure Cerne giant’s home

    Support from more than 20 countries propels National Trust to its target to protect chalk figure and local wildlife

    It feels like a very British monument: a huge chalk figure carved into a steep Dorset hillside that for centuries has intrigued lovers of English folklore and legend. But an appeal to raise money to help protect the Cerne giant – and the wildlife that shares the landscape it towers over – has shown that its allure stretches far beyond the UK.

    Donations have flooded in from more than 20 countries including Australia, Japan and Iceland, and on Tuesday, the National Trust confirmed it had reached its fundraising target to buy land around the giant.

    Continue reading...

  • ‘It sounds apocalyptic’: experts warn of impact of UK floods on birds, butterflies and dormice

    Events such as Storm Chandra take a terrible toll on ecosystems, but nature can be part of the solution for mitigating flood waters

    “The flood waters are only good for scavenger species,” says Steve Hussey, searching hard for a silver lining to last week’s deluges brought by Storm Chandra. When the waters recede, crows and ravens will feast on the carrion of hedgehogs, dormice and other small animals unable to escape the rising water, he says.

    “It sounds very apocalyptic, doesn’t it?” says Hussey, a communications officer with the Devon Wildlife Trust.

    Continue reading...

  • ‘Justice is optional’: why Trump’s pardon of Honduran ex-president scares nature defenders

    Honduras is one of the most dangerous countries for environmentalists – and the release of Juan Orlando Hernández has reinforced its ‘crisis of impunity’, say critics

    When Donald Trump announced that he would pardon the former Honduran president Juan Orlando Hernández, only the second world leader to be convicted of drug trafficking, Anna*, an environmental defender, was shocked.

    In 2022, Hernández, also known as JOH, was extradited to the US and later convicted, along with his brother, on drug trafficking and weapons charges. He was sentenced to 45 years in prison for conspiring to smuggle more than 400 tonnes of cocaine into the US, becoming the first Honduran head of state to be tried and sentenced abroad for running a narco state. He was also accused of grave human rights violations.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen
Copyright © 2026 Eco Hvar. Sva prava zadržana. Developed by Orion Informatika.