Eco Hvar

Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

2023. na Hvaru otkrivena su dva lokaliteta orhideja od strane gostujućih stručnjaka iz Zagreba, koji su pronašli endem Ophrys pharia i Himantoglossum robertianum.

Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Photo courtesy of Berislav Horvatić & Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Hrvatske divlje orhideje nisu spektakularne vrste poput onih iz tropskih krajeva. Iako cijenjene među ljubiteljima prirode, prečesto lokalnom stanovništvu prolaze neprimijećeno. Rezultat toga je nemarno uništavanje orhideja i njihovih staništa, posebno kroz ekstenzivnu uporabu herbicida. Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska je vrhunska botaničarka, po profesiji nastavnica. Njezin suprug Berislav Horvatić bio je viši znanstveni suradnik na Institutu za fiziku u Zagrebu, a nakon umirovljenja posvetio je velik dio svog vremena, ali i znanstvene stručnosti proučavanju orhideja zajedno sa svojom suprugom.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys pharia bila je godinama nedohvatljiva. Berislav i Ljiljana znali su da je Ophrys pharia specifična za Hvar: opisali su je P. Devillers i J. Devillers-Terschuren u časopisu Naturalistes Belges (vol. 85: 233) 2004. godine, a fotografirali su je u blizini sela Vrbanj u središnjem dijelu Hvara u travnju 2007. godine.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Lijljana Borovečki-Voska

Prije 2004. godine, Ophrys pharia bila je opisana kao podvrsta. Kada su 29. travnja 2023. krenuli u potragu za Ophrys phariu na Hvaru, bili su svjesni da će to biti zastrašujući izazov, možda čak i 'nemoguća misija'. Ophrys pharia opisana je na web stranici „Orchids of Britain and Europe“: „Ovo je veoma ugrožena vrsta, za koju se smatralo da je ne samo endem za Hrvatsku, već specifično za otok Hvar, gdje sve agresivnije poljoprivredne metode smanjuju stanište dostupno ovoj vrsti koju sada postaje izuzetno teško pronaći, čak i na njenim nekadašnjim uporištima oko Vrboske, u središnjem dijelu otoka.“

Ophrys pharia u polju. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kada se ugleda sitne orhideje stisnute među ostalim divljim cvijećem, bude sasvim jasno zašto je potrebna stručna makrofotografija kako bi se potvrdilo opažanje rijetkih vrsta!

Ophrys pharia u prirodi. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Još važnije, značajke po kojima se razlikuju pojedine orhideje od drugih, često su vrlo suptilni detalji, što naravno čini orhideje tako fascinantnim i izazovnim biljkama za proučavanje.

Berislav slika orhideje.

Pravi stručnjaci poput Ljiljane (kojih je naravno vrlo malo) godinama strpljivo promatraju orhideje kako bi mogli sa sigurnošću identificirati različite vrste. Ophrys pharia križa se s Ophrys rhodostephane i ti hibridi su izuzetno rijetki.

Hibrid ophrys pharia x ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska
Hibridi. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys rhodostephane se izrazito razlikuje od Ophrys pharia te obiluje u Dalmaciji, a i na Hvaru. Vrijedan savjet Berislava: „najbolji i najlakši način da ih vidite mnogo je spora vožnja starom cestom između Brusja i Selca - naravno, u pravo doba godine. Neasfaltirana cesta kroz Rovan je također izvrsna.“ 

Ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Nizozemski stručnjak za orhideje Frank Verhart proučavao je orhideje tijekom nekoliko posjeta Hvaru, no nije ugledao Ophrys phariu, da bi na kraju Berislav i Ljiljana u roku od tri dana pronašli ništa manje od devet primjeraka u okolici Vrbanja! Poput Franka Verharta i drugih botaničara, odmah su podijelili svoja otkrića s hrvatskom bazom podataka Flora Croatica Database. Pronalazak Himantoglossum robertianum (sin. Barlia robertiana) bio je neočekivani bonus, kako prethodno nije bio zabilježen na Hvaru.

Himantoglossum robertianum. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Pronalazač je zapravo bio lokalni stanovnik Antun Vranković Bili iz sela Svirče. Iako se vrsta teško pronašla, nakon otkrića, Ljiljana i Berislav odmah su je identificirati. Prvobitno je viđena na području Rovana blizu Svirača. Ljiljana i Berislav su kasnije pronašli još jedan primjerak u masliniku ispod Pitava, zbog čega su zaključili da na otoku ima još primjeraka, iako rijetkih.

Antun Vranković Bili. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kako bi proslavili da Ophrys pharia nije izumrla na Hvaru, Berislav i Ljiljana su zabilježili svoje povijesno otkriće na šalicama kao trajni suvenir! 

Slavljeničke šalice. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Izuzetno smo zahvalni Berislavu Horvatiću i Ljiljani Borovečki-Voska što su s nama podijelili neprocjenjive informacije o svom uspješnom terenskom putovanju na Hvar 2023. godine, kao i na dopuštenju da koristimo njihove tekstove i fotografije. Njihova predanost je od iznimne pomoći u kampanji podizanja svijesti o detaljima predivnih prirodnih resursa Hrvatske, kako bi ih očuvali i njegovali za buduće generacije. 

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska autorica je knjige „Orhideje na Strahinjščici i susjednim područjima“, u nakladi Alfa, 2010. godine.

Relevantni članci:

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska, Berislav Horvatic. 2020.  Orhidejski hibridi (Orchidaceae) na otoku Krku. Orchid hybrids (Orchidceae) on the Island of Krk. Glasnik hrvatskog botaničkog društva. (Article in Croatian)

Frank Verhart: Orchid observations in Croatia in 2017 and 2018: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tqx1iIJUFLN8H7LJlFTkvlD6YhdzfsmJ/edit

Frank Verhart: 2017. Orchids on Pelješac. Eco Hvar website.

Frank Verhart. Orchid observations in Croatia in 2019. http://www.franknature.nl/Verhart%20orchid%20observations%20in%20Croatia%20in%202019.pdf

Grace Brewer. February 2024. Sneaky orchids and their pollination tricks. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Blog article.

© Vivian Grisogono 2024.
Prijevod: Josip Vlainić

 

 

Srodni sadržaj (po oznakama)

na vrh članka
Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Farage’s Clacton-on-Sea constituency worst ‘tree desert’ in England, research shows

    Woodland Trust also finds significant north-south divide in tree cover, leaving many people at risk of poor health

    Nigel Farage’s constituency of Clacton-on-Sea is a “tree desert”, leaving people more exposed to air pollution, poorer health, lower life expectancy and the impact of rising temperatures, according to a new report.

    The Essex town is rated the worst-performing for equal access to trees in England, with the highest proportion of urban residents – 98.2% – living in neighbourhoods with critically low access to trees.

    Continue reading...

  • UN members prepare for pivotal vote on landmark ICJ climate justice ruling

    If resolution is passed, governments will recognisetheir legal responsibility to cut greenhouse gas emissions

    The UN’s willingness to tackle the climate crisis in a fair and legal way will be tested next week during a critical vote of the UN general assembly in New York.

    Every member state is being asked to back a series of landmark findings on climate justice from the international court of justice (ICJ) as part of a new political resolution. If passed, it will mean governments recognise they have a legal responsibility to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, including tackling fossil fuels.

    Continue reading...

  • Choughs reappear at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall after decades of absence

    King Arthur is said to have transformed into a chough when he died, its red feet and beak representing his bloody end

    Decades after disappearing from the jagged cliffs around Tintagel Castle on the coast of north Cornwall, a bird with legendary connections to the area has returned.

    The custodian of Tintagel, English Heritage, and local ornithologists have declared that choughs – charismatic corvids with red beaks and feet – are back.

    Continue reading...

  • Typical English roast dinner potentially ‘drenched’ in 102 pesticides, says report

    Greenpeace finds cocktail of pesticides including seven banned in EU may have been used on seven categories of vegetables and soft fruit

    It is a beautiful early summer Sunday afternoon and you have stopped for a pub lunch. A waiter sets down a roast served with carrots, peas, parsnips, potatoes and onion gravy, and then for pudding, strawberries and cream. It feels like the perfect rustic meal to accompany a day in the country.

    However, a report by Greenpeace, published on Thursday, has found that the ingredients of the traditional Sunday roast have potentially been treated with a cocktail of more than 100 pesticides. Data from the Fera pesticide usage survey for 2024, showed 102 – including seven banned in the EU – were used on seven vegetable and soft fruit categories.

    Continue reading...

  • Roots of resilience: the experts working to bolster apples against the climate crisis

    Scientists are focusing on improving apples’ resilience after stressors like wild temperature swings and drought

    Terence Robinson still remembers the Valentine’s Day Massacre – of 2015, not 1929.

    For the Cornell University horticulture professor, the term doesn’t conjure up Tommy guns and Al Capone’s Chicago. Instead of a gangster, the culprit in Robinson’s massacre was the weather. And its victims were the apple orchards of the north-eastern United States.

    Continue reading...

  • Why the weather was on no one’s side in general strike of 1926

    A warm spell mitigated some of the effects of the strike but colder weather would have taken their own toll

    May 1926 is remembered in Britain for the general strike, when the TUC called out millions of workers in support of miners who had been locked out while fighting a pay cut.

    The strike, which lasted from 3 May to 12 May, took place during a spell of relatively mild weather with little rain. Transport was disrupted but fine conditions allowed many people to walk or cycle to work. There was a shortage of coal but this was mitigated because there was less need for heating. The TUC, fearing legal action and doubting the strike could be sustained, called it off after nine days.

    Continue reading...

  • Country diary: This weary traveller has escaped the hunter’s gun | Sarah Lambert

    Maxey Cut, Cambridgeshire: There’s so much precious wildlife around this old flood-relief channel, including sea trout and eels. But I’ve come to hear the purr of the turtle dove

    The morning air is moist and utterly still. Above the flood bank, dappled grey cirrocumulus parts to a clear blue. Birds sound from every side: the cuckoo’s insistent call over a chorus of warblers – the sedge warbler’s machine-gun rattle, the willow warbler’s falling cadence, and, piercing them all, the explosive eruptions of a Cetti’s warbler buried deep in cover.

    But it is the turtle dove that I have come to hear: that low, tender purring, almost lost in the greater chorus. When it comes, my heart lifts. I find a lone bird on a telegraph wire, one of its favoured perches. Through the binoculars, I make out a pink-grey breast, a neat black-and-white collar, and rust‑red feathers on the back, each one finely marked with black.

    Continue reading...

  • How a kindergarten teacher became the accidental guardian of 200 king penguins

    When the birds started nesting on her land at Useless Bay, Chile, Cecilia Durán Gafo decided she would protect them from people and predators

    Five pairs of rubbery feet carry velvet-sheathed black-and-white bodies towards the rope line separating the king penguins from the dozen or so visitors, who look on in awe. As these emissaries shuffle over, a hundred of their cohorts parade on a nearby bank, splashing around in the water and regurgitating food into their chicks’ open beaks.

    The king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus)makes its home almost exclusively on islands in the Southern Ocean. But it has been coming to this wind-battered bay in southern Chile’s Tierra del Fuego region for hundreds of years, probably because its shallow shores offer protection from marine predators and humans.

    Continue reading...

  • Go big or go home: how The Lost Giants revived the ancient art of goliath-making

    Ever fancied creating your own enormous effigy? One Cornish art collective has reinvigorated the practice – and now they want to draw on the public’s skills, too

    This New Year’s Eve, environmentalist and author Lisa Schneidau did something she had never done before. She welcomed in 2026 with giants. “At a certain time of the evening, they started appearing from all over the town. Then everyone flooded out of their houses and congregated into a massive procession of giants and lights and drums and music. It was absolutely extraordinary.”

    Schneidau’s fairytale experience happened in Lostwithiel, the Cornish home town of the art collective The Lost Giants (TLG), a group of craftspeople and artists reviving the British tradition of making giants and beasties and goliaths. The giants she celebrated with were made of wooden frames and cloth, papier-mache and card, but were full of life.

    To apply for a giant, go to The Lost Giants website

    Continue reading...

  • Yorkshire’s WallFest launched to protect crumbling boundary wall of ‘world’s first nature reserve’

    Pioneering environmentalist Charles Waterton enclosed his parkland and lake near Wakefield in the 1820s

    Over four years in the 1820s, Charles Waterton built a 9ft-high, 3-mile-long wall around the parkland and lake of Walton Hall. The fox- and poacher-proof boundary enclosed what could be the world’s first nature reserve, completed in Yorkshire 200 years ago.

    Waterton, an eccentric, controversial and pioneering environmentalist, built nest boxes, special banks for sand martins and innovative bird hides, and offered local people sixpence for every hedgehog they brought into his reserve.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen
Copyright © 2026 Eco Hvar. Sva prava zadržana. Developed by Orion Informatika.