A listing of chemical pesticides and their active ingredients used by individuals and / or local authorities on Hvar and in other parts of Croatia. Included are their possible adverse effects according to scientific sources and official information.
Photo: Vivian Grisogono
Our listing is in alphabetical order and is divided into two parts: the first part names pesticides in common use in Croatia together with their active ingredients, Croatian approval status, and EU or ECHA status for those pesticides whose active ingredients are banned. The second part lists the active ingredients by category: 1. insecticides, 2. synergist, 3. fungicides, 4. limacide (molluscicide), 5. rodenticides, 6. herbicides. For each substance we identify the following: the type of poison; known possible adverse effects; approval status in the European Union (EU); some of the commercial products containing the active substance; and the scientific and official sources of information regarding the active substance.
To check the EU status of any product, you can refer to the EU Pesticides Database. Each entry includes the latest legislation relating to the listed pesticides. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) records approvals of active substancesand products. Its website is the primary source of information about the laws governing pesticides and their approval processes. You can check its list of substances which are approved or under review on the ECHA website page: mouse over Information on chemicals'in the header; then click on 'Biocidal active substances', under 'BPR' in the submenu; click on 'biocidal active substances' under the heading 'Information on biocides'; click 'search' in the next field, and type the name of the substance in the box marked 'Substance name', click the 'search' button below right; the substance, if identified, will come up as a special listing at the bottom of the page. It will show one or more versions of the substance, giving various details, including approval status; to the right of the entry is a box linking to authorized products based on the active substance. Note: the names under which pesticide products are marketed in Croatia mostly do not appear on the EU listings.
The Croatian Phytosanitary Institution - Fitosanitarni informacijski sustav (FIS) lists the pesticides approved for use in the Republic of Croatia, with a separate listing of those whose approval has been withdrawn. There are two further sources of information about pesticides in Croatia: 'Agroklub' i 'Agrobase Croatia'.Note: the FIS listing does not always agree with the latest information given by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA); also, the three Croatian sources sometimes offer conflicting information about approved and banned pesticides.
The search pageof the Croatian Ministry of Agriculture's Phytosanitary Information Institution (FIS), which carries the list of approved pesticides in Croatia,is in English, but details of the pesticides come up in Croatian. To use the search page, type in the name of the product in the box labelled Trade Name of 'Plant Protection Product'; if it is registered for use in Croatia, it will appear as a pop-up under the Trade Name box; there may be different varieties of the product using the same name, so you can click on the one you want to enter it into the Trade Name box; then click on the 'search' button at the bottom of the page (if you leave the general name in the box, any varieties will be shown when you have clicked on the search button); click on the product as shown under the search button to find all its details. If no product shows up from the search, it means it is not approved. You can use the link at the bottom of the panel to the right, labelled 'List of registered plant protection products which are not registered in Republic of Croatia': this comes up as a PDF document, and you can use your 'find' box to find the product and identify when it lost its authorization, if it was ever registered for use in Croatia.
Note: in our text, DDD (which stands for 'Dezinfekcija, dezinsekcija, deratizacija') refers to the Croatian national Pest Control Programme, which is carried out continuously throughout the country.
website_name____website_name___website_namewebsite_name_website_name__Insects are vital in the natural chain. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
PART 1. PESTICIDE PRODUCTS LISTED
All chemical pesticides cause collateral damage and carry risks of harm to humans, animals, birds, insects and all kinds of wildlife, as well as to the environment. This list of pesticide products highlights those which are most hazardous with the following symbols:
* = highly dangerous for human health, for instance possibly causes cancer, affects fertility, and/or damages the unborn child;
# = highly toxic, can cause death
* ACROBAT MZ WG -fungicide -active ingredients: mancozeb and dimethomorph - EU / ECHA: manczeb not approved - Croatia FIS: approval withdrawn 04/07/2021.
# ACTARA 25WG -insecticide -active ingredient: thiamethoxam -EU: thiamethoxam not approved -Croatia FIS: not approved.
# ACTARA 240 SC - insecticide -active ingredient: thiamethoxam -EU: thiamethoxam not approved -Croatia FIS: not approved
*CIDOKOR (Roundup) - glyphosate-based herbicide - EU: Roundup not approved -Croatia FIS: not approved
*CIDOKOR MAX - glyphosate-based herbicide - Croatia FIS: approved up to 01/03/2022.; Agroklub not approved as from 31/12/2018.; Agrobase Croatia registration withdrawn
*CIDOKOR PLUS - glyphosate-based herbicide -Croatia FIS:- approved 24/11/2015-01/03/2022; Agroklub not approved as from 31/12/2018.; Agrobase Croatia registration withdrawn
* # CIPEX 10E -insecticide -active ingredient: cypermethrin -Croatia FIS: not approved
INSECTICIDES. - ECHA APPROVAL CODEPT18(Insecticides, acaricides, products to control other arthropods)
ABAMECTIN (See Emamectin) Combination of Avermectin B1a & B1b, growth regulator, insecticide, miticide, nematicide, derived from soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis.
Possible adverse effects: extremely toxic to bees, birds; highly toxic to aquatic life: fish, invertebrates, plants, algae and sediment dwelling organisms; toxic to earthworms; highly toxic to humans through skin contact, inhalation or ingestion: can cause problems for reproduction, impairing male fertility; neurological damage including tremors and ataxia; respiratory failure; skin and eye irritation.
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database. 2018.Abamectin
- PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2006, updated 2019. Abamectinnot approved
- University of California, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program.Abamectin
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Vertimec 018EC and Kraft 18EC (10.05.2019, 19.06.2019)
ACETAMIPRID. Neonicotinoid
Possible adverse effects:Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment; highly toxic to honeybees if mixed with piperonyl butoxide or propiconazole; harmful for populations of pollinating insects; harmful to birds and earthworms; dangerous for the environment; in humans: h Cuprablau Z Ultra not approvedarmful - toxic if swallowed; can be fatal if inhaled; skin irritant
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to useMospilan 20 SP (24.05.2019, 14.06.2019, 19.06.2019, 26.06.2019).
ALLETHRIN (d-Allethrin). Synthetic pyrethroid
Possible adverse effects: Very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to honey-bees and earthworms; moderately toxic to birds; harmful to humans if swallowed or inhaled.
EU:Not approved. ECHA: Not approved, under evaluation in January 2020. Croatia FIS: not approved.
Products: Neopitroid Premium (with Permethrin and Piperonyl Butoxide) EU, ECHA, Croatia FIS: No approved products
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database. 2018. Allethrin
USED IN CROATIA UNDER THE DDD (ARTHROPOD SUPPRESSION) PROGRAMME: for instance, Neopitroid Premium was used for aerial spraying in the Vukovar-Srijem County in 2014, and the Osijek-Baranja County in 2019.
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, most aquatic organisms and honeybees; extremely toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to earthworms; possible human carcinogen; can cause organ damage, respiratory irritation, irreversible eye damage; serious water pollutant.
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database. 2018. Alpha-cypermethrin.
- El Okda, E-S., Abdel-Hamid, M. A-A., Hamdy, A.M. 2017. Immunological and genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to alpha-cypermethrin pesticide. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. Vol 30 (4) 603-615.
- Bej, S., Mukherjee, D., Saha, N.C. 2015. Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to oligochaete worm, Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard 1982) along with their behavioural responses. International Journal of Scientific Research. 1:12, 325- 326.
USED ON HVAR: Fastac EC is used against fruit fly, especially in olive groves, by many individual agriculturalists. (see 'Starigrad Plain: Our Survey')
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Fastac 10EC (14.06.2019,19.06.2019)
AQUATAIN AMF. Silicone-based liquid larvicide (film over the surface of standing water causes pupae and larvae to suffocate)
Possible adverse effects: can damage non-target organisms which depend on the water surface for respiration and movement.
EU: European Commission exempted Aquatain from registration due to its mode of action.
USED ON HVAR: DDD programme, 2017 Stari Grad region 9 litres, 23-25 May; Jelsa region 16 litres, 19-22 May 2017.
AVERMECTIN(see Abamectin)
AZAMETHIPHOS. Organophosphate, designed for use on target areas, not for spraying in the air; mainly used against flies in enclosed spaces, on horses, cattle, pigs and chickens.
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds; acutely toxic to humans if swallowed or inhaled; can cause headache, weakness, nervousness, sweating, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Exposure to extremely high levels may result in muscular twitching, eye pain, slurred speech, colic, hyper-salivation, heart complaints, breathing difficulties, convulsions and unconsciousness; also causes eye and skin irritation on contact
USED ON HVAR against flies around rubbish bins and rubbish dumps 2017: Hvar Town and surrounds, (with Microfly) 20th June, (with Microfly) 13th July, 11th August heat-spray fogging in rubbish dumps; 28th September, 12th October fogging in rubbish dumps. Total quantity 40.5 kg; Stari Grad and surrounds, Muhomor 33 kg, Jelsa Council area 31.5 kg, May, July, August, September 2017. 2018: around Hvar Town, 25th July, 16th August, 4th September - total quantity 9 kg.
Organophosphates were not approved under the Insect Control Programme of Measures and Implementation Plans issued by the Split-Dalmatian County Public Health Institute in2017and 2018, yet Muhomor was used on Hvar in both years, also in 2019.
Possible adverse effects: can interfere with reproduction in birds; can cause eye and skin irritation in humans and animals; may disturb essential wetland organisms; long-term use perhaps causes loss of biodiversity in the environment.
- Siegel, J.P., Shadduck, J.A. 1990. Mammalian Safety of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. in: de Barjac, H., Sutherland, D.J. eds, Bacterial Control of Mosquitoes and Blackflies. pub. Unwin Hymen, London, pp. 202- 2017
USED ON HVAR: 2017: 22nd September, and 2018: 19th September, Baturad was used on 3 hectares of woodland around the Hvar Town region against the Pine Processionary Moth caterpillars, quantity 600 litres each time.
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Baturad WP (14.06.2019)
2019: Baturad (or Decis or Imidan or Rogor) recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer, to be used in May and June against olive moth (prays oleae, Croatian: maslinin moljac)
CARBARYL. Carbamate
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to mammals, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic crustaceans, bees, earthworms. Can be fatal in humans; possible carcinogen and endocrine disruptor; possibly damaging for reproduction and development; can cause cholinesterase inhibition, blurred vision, tears, headaches, memory loss, rhinorrhoea (discharge of thin nasal mucus), salivation; sweating, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea; tremors, cyanosis, convulsions and skin irritation.
EU, ECHA: Not approved
Product: Sevin. Combined with limacide Metaldehyde in Lily Miller Slug, Snail and Insect Killer Bait, and for Ortho Bug-Geta Plus.
Croatia FIS: Sevin not approved
Sources: - University of Hertfordshire PPDB, updated 2018. Carbaryl.
- PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005, updated 2019. Carbaryl.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Carbaryl Factsheet.
WAS USED LONG-TERM IN CROATIA, especially for fruit thinning, applied two to three weeks after full flowering of the trees. (Refs: Radivojević et al. 2011. Effect of chemical and hand thinning young apple tree on yield and fruit quality. Proceedings, 46th Croatian and 6th International Symposium on Agriculture, Opatija Croatia, pp 1044-1047. Croatian Agriculture Ministry, article in Croatian). However, it is no longer authorized for this use in Croatia.
CHLORPYRIFOS. Organophosphate.
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to honeybees, birds, fish, aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms, algae and aquatic plants; in humans can cause nausea, dizziness, confusion, and respiratory paralysis and death; causes neurodevelopmental defects in children; can harm mother and foetus during pregnancy; can cause acute muscle paralysis and weakness, also breathing difficulties, depression, and double vision in humans, dogs and cats; overexposure can cause weakness, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), proprioceptive dysfunctions (disturbed awareness of posture and movements), particularly of the hind legs, and paralysis in animals, including dogs and cats.
Croatia FIS: Pyrinex 48 EC was finally banned in Croatia on 31/01/2019,; 16/02/2020, registration was withdrawn from all chlorpyrifos products, including Pyrinex 250 CS, Dursban E48, Nufos, with a final sell-by date of 16/03/2020, final use-by date 16/04/2020.
Sources: - Toxnet (Toxicology Data Network) 1983, updated 2015. Chlorpyrifos.
- Junquera, P. article updated 2017. CHLORPYRIFOS: SAFETY SUMMARY for VETERINARY USE in DOGS, CATS, HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, SWINE and POULTRY. Poisoning, intoxication, overdose, antidote. Parasitipedia.net
- United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 2018. Lulac (11 Petitioners, including Pesticide Action Network (PANNA), Farmworker Justice GreenLatinos, Learning Disabilities Association of America, Farmworkers Association of Florida) v. Wheeler (for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) EPA ordered to revoke all tolerances and cancel all registrations for chlorpyrifos within 60 days: Chlorpyrifos banned in the United States.
- University of Hertfordshire Pesticide Properties Database. updated August 2018. Chlorpyrifos.
- Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) August 2018. Chlorpyrifos factsheet (with 40 references)
USED ON HVAR: 2016, Pyrinex 48 EC used on bushes and trees in Jelsa's public park preventively against aphids
CYPERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid.
Possible adverse effects: - very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Products: Cythrin Max 250EC, Cipex, Microfly, Cymina Ultra, Ammo, Cymbush, Demon, Raid Ant Killer, Hot-Shot Fogger, Raid Wasp and Hornet Killer. ECHA: no insecticidal products approvedas at 12/01/2021, (although Cypermethrin was authorized for many wood preservative products, code PT08.)
Croatia FIS: Cythrin MAX 250EC approved 23/06/2015 -31/10/2021Cymina Aqua, Cymina Ultra, Cymina Plus, Cipex, Microfly not approved
-Aggarwal, P., Jamshed, N., Ekka, M., Imran A. 2015. Suicidal poisoning with cypermethrin: A clinical dilemma in the emergency department. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma and Shock. 8:2 123-125.
-TOXNET Toxicology Data Network (U.S.National Library of Medicine). 1986, updated 2012. Cypermethrin.
-PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005. Cypermethrin.
-Extension Toxicology Network, (Extoxnet). 1993. Pesticide Information profile: Cypermethrin. (Pesticide Information Project, Cornell University)
USED ON HVAR, DDD programme, for adult insect suppression 'fogging' spraying and dispersion: 2016, Cipex 10E, Microfly, (with Permex 22E) - Hvar Town and its surrounds, June, July x2, August, October 2016; Stari Grad and its surrounds, June, July and August 2016; Jelsa Council region, July x2, August 2016. 2017: Hvar Town region, Microfly 20th June, (with Permex) 25th May, 20th June, (with Permex and Muhomor) 13th July, total quantity of Microfly 14 kg. Cipex (with Permex) 11th August for hot-spray fogging against mosquitoes around Hvar and its settlements; Cipex (with Muhomor and mineral oil) 11th August against flies on Hvar's rubbish dumps; Cipex (with Permex 22E) 28th September, 12th October for fogging around the Hvar Town region. Total quantity of Cipex 13 litres. Stari Grad and environs, May, July, August, September 2017; Jelsa Council area, July, August, September 2017, Cipex (with Permex 22E) in fogging against mosquitoes; combined with Muhomor for fly control around rubbish bins and rubbish dumps, Stari Grad and environs, also Jelsa Council region, May, July, August, September 2017. Stari Grad Cipex total, 8 litres, Microfly 7 kg; Jelsa, Cipex 10 litres, Microfly 5 kg. 2018: Hvar Town region, Cipex 3rd July, 4th September, 19th September, 18th October, total quantity 13 litres; Microfly 3rd July, 25th July, 16th August, 4th September, 19th September. Stari Grad region: Cipex 2L, Microfly 3L, fogging 26th July, 15th August, 6th September, Jelsa Council area, main streets, Microfly (4 litres) with Cipex (3 litres) used for fogging action 25th July, 14th August, 5th September 2018.
2019: Cythrin Max 250EC recommended by a well-respected olive oil producer: Caythrin Max 250EC to be used in May against olive moth (prays oleae, Croatian: maslinin moljac)
DELTAMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid.
Possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS: Scatto approved 12/07/2016 -31/10/2021; Rotor Super approved 10/08/2016-31/10/2021; Poleci approved 15/01/2014-14/01/2024; Poleci Plus approved 11/05/2016-31/10/2021. Decis 100EC approved 18/03/2016 - 31/10/2021.Decis 1,25EC, Decis 6,25EC, Eco Trap not approved, listed as having lost its authorization in 2011.)
ON HVAR: Deltamethrin was on the list of pesticides recommended for use around Hvar Town, Stari Grad and the Jelsa Council area, under the Programme issued by the Split-Dalmatian County Public Health Institute for 2017 and 2018.
2018: Croatian Agriculture-Forestry Advisory Section for the Split-Dalmatian county recommended Deltamethrin and the products Decis 100EC, Decis 2.5EC, Scatto, Rotor Super, and Poleci Plus were recommended for use on Hvar and in other olive-growing areas against fruit-flies in July 2018.
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Scatto and Poleci Plus (14.06.2019, 13.09.2019, 27.09.2019); Decis 2.5 EC, Decis 100 EC, Rotor Super (14.06.2019, 19.06.2019, 13.09.2019, 27.09.2019); Eco Trap (13.09.2019)
2019: Decis (or Imidan, or Baturad or Rogor) recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer, to be used in May and June against olive moth (prays oleae, Croatian: maslinin moljac); Decis (or Imidanor Rogor, or Rogor with the attractant Buminal, or Success Bait, or Eko-Trap) in July, August, September and October against olive fruit fly (bactrocera oleae, Croatian: maslinova muha)
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to freshwater and marine invertebrates; moderately toxic to fish and earthworms; slightly toxic to birds; affected haemoglobin in animal studies; can cause breathing difficulties in humans; direct contact can be harmful to skin and eyes; metabolites are possible human carcinogens.
EU: not approvedECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/02/2015 - 31/12/2025.
Products: Dimilin, Flubex.
CroatiaFIS: Dimilin SC48 approved 26/02/1999-31/12/2023. Flubex not approved
Sources: - United States Environmental Protection Agency 1997. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (R.E.D.): Diflubenzuron.
- PubChem Open Chemistry Database 2005, modified 2018: Diflubenzuron.
- University of Hertfordshire Pesticide Properties Database, updated 2018. Diflubenzuron.
USED ON HVAR: DDD programme, for larvicidal actions, Flubex,2016: Hvar Town and surrounds, May and October 2016. Stari Grad and surrounds, April and October 2016; Jelsa Council area, April-May and October 2016.2017: Jelsa Council area: Dimilin used for larvicide, rainwater drains & septic tanks, June & July 2017.2018: Dimilin used in the Hvar Town region, 13th June, 3rd July, 5.5 kg. Dimilin used in Vrboska on the road to Soline bathing beach (at the request of residents), in Jelsa around the Park and in the rainwater drains in the centre of Jelsa, 13th June & 25th July 2018, 5 kg.
DIMETHOATE. Organophosphate.
Possible adverse effects. Very toxic to bees and aquatic organisms; possibly toxic to wildlife, including birds, and livestock: possible endocrine disruptor; in humans: can cause unconsciousness and death; possible human carcinogen (USEPA); inhalation, swallowing or excess skin contact can cause breathing difficulties, headache, dizziness, tiredness, slurred speech, blurred vision, a lack of coordination, sweating, slow or rapid heart beat, convulsions, incontinence; when swallowed, can also cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, faecal incontinence; long-term exposure may lead to impaired memory, depression, irritability, confusion and insomnia.
Dimethoate and the products Calinogor, Chromogor, Perfekthion, Rogor 40 were recommended for use on Hvar and in other olive-growing areas against fruit-flies by the Croatian Agriculture-Forestry Advisory Section for the Split-Dalmatian County, in July 2018.
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to useCaligonor, Chromogor, Perfekthion (14.06.2019, 13.09.2019)and Rogor 40 (14.06.2019, 19.06.2019, 13.09.2019, 27.09.2019).
2019: Rogor, also in combination with the attractant Buminal, recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer for use variously against olive moth (prays oleae, Croatian: maslinin moljac), olive fruit fly (bactrocera oleae, Croatian: maslinova muha), leopard moth (Zeuzera pyrina, Croatian: granotoč) and weevils (otiorhyncus, Croatian: Skorovača) in May, June, July, August, and September; Rogor (or Baturad) to be used in May against olive psyllid (euphyllura olivina, Croatian maslinova buha)
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE. Semisynthetic derivative of avermectin.
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to bees, birds, aquatic life, aquatic environment, algae; in humans:highly toxic through swallowing, inhalation and skin contact; can cause organ damage, serious eye irritation or damage; muscle tremors, muscle incoordination, vomiting, pulmonary oedema, unconsciousness; skin allergies.
2019: Jelsa local Council: Revive used on palm trees in Jelsa Park 12.04.2019.
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Affirm Opti, especially against caterpillars in fruit trees (17th May 2019, 26.06.2019)
IMIDACLOPRID. Neonicotinoid.
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to bees, birds, also aquatic life and aquatic environments, with long-lasting effects; can affect reproduction and development in humans; possibly associated with autism spectrum disorder; moderately toxic to mammals, fish and earthworms; persists in soil.
EU: not approved.ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/07/2013 - 30/06/2023.
USED ON HVAR: DDD programme,Quick Bayt® (imidacloprid with Tricosene) usedon rubbish tips.2018: Hvar Town region, July 3rd, 2 kg.; Stari Grad region, 3rd July, 25th July, 15th August, 6th September 2018, 2kg.
PERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid.
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to bees, sea organisms, fish; poisonous to cats, also other animals; in humans: classified as a potential carcinogen; linked to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; can cause neurological damage, also problems in the immune and endocrine systems.
EU: not approved.ECHA: approved, PT18, 01/05/2016 - 30/04/2026
Products: Permex 22E (withTetramethrin & Piperonyl Butoxide); Neopitroid Premium (with D-Allethrin and Piperonyl Butoxide); household fly-killer sprays such as Sanmex Fly and Wasp Killer; Raid formula 277 insect killer.
Croatia FIS: Permex 22E and Neopitroid Premium not approved
- Alavanja, M.C.R., Hoffmann, J.N., Lynch, C.F., Hines, C.J., Barry, K. H., Barker, J., Buckman, D.W., Thomas, K., Sandler, D. P., Hoppin, J.A., Koutros, S., Andreotti, G., Lubin, J.H., Blair, A., Beane Freeman, L.E. 2014. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk and Insecticide, Fungicide and Fumigant Use in the Agricultural Health Study. PLoS One (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) 9 (10): e109332.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. August 2009. Permethrin Facts.
- Hoffmann, M., Meléndez, J.L., Ruhman, M.A., 2008. Risks of Permethrin Use to the Federally Threatened California Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii) and Bay Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas editha bayensis), and the Federally Endangered California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris), and San Francisco Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia). Environmental Fate and Effects Division Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C. 20460
USED ON HVAR: DDD programme, for adult insect suppression, including fogging spraying and dispersion: 2016: Permex 22E (with Microfly, Cipex 10E)- Hvar Town and its surrounds, June, July x2, August, October; Stari Grad and its environs, June, July, August; Jelsa Council area, July x2, August 2016. 2017: Hvar Town and surrounds Permex 22E (with Microfly) 25th May, 20th June; 13th July; (with Cipex) 11th August, 28th September, 12th October. Permex 22E: 22 litres; Stari Grad and surrounds (with Cipex) 17-18th May, 14th July, 11th August, 26th September, total 10 litres; Jelsa Council region (with Cipex), 12th July, 10th August, 27th September 2017, 9 litres. 2018: Hvar Town region, 24th July 2018, quantity 3 kg; Stari Grad region (also Cipex, Microfly), 26th July, 15th August, 6th September, 3L; Jelsa region (also Cipex, Microfly), 25th July, 14th August, 5th September 2018, 4L.
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to cats, bees and aquatic organisms; in humans, can cause dizziness, salivation, headache, fatigue, diarrhoea, irritability to sound and touch.
- Cox, C. 2003. Sumithrin (d-Phenothrin). Insecticide Factsheet. Journal of Pesticide Reform. 23 / 2, 10- 14.
ON HVAR: d-Phenothrin was on the list of pesticides recommended for use around Hvar Town, Stari Grad and the Jelsa Council area, under the Programme issued by the Split-Dalmatian County Public Health Institute for 2017.
PHOSMET. Organophosphate.
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life and environment; highly toxic to honeybees; in humans can be fatal if inhaled; if swallowed, causes stomach pain, diarrhoea, nausea, sickness; can cause organ damage, eye irritation; possibly causes fetal damage or disrupts fertility; can cause swelling, itchiness, raised skin temperature if absorbed through the skin; can be toxic to birds, earthworms, cats and dogs.
EU: 01/10/2017 - 31/07/2021 ECHA: not approved
Products: Imidan 50 WG, Imidan 50WP.
Croatia FIS: Imidan WG approved 29/09/2015-31/07/2021. Imidan 50WP not approved
- University of Hertfordshire, Pesticide Properties Database, updated 2018: Phosmet.
2018. The Croatian Agriculture-Forestry Advisory Section for the Split-Dalmatian County recommended the Phosmet product Imidan for use on Hvar and in other olive-growing areas against fruit-flies in July 2018.
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Imidan 50WG against olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) 14.06.2019, 19.06.2019,26.06.2019, 21.08.2019, 13.09.2019,27.09.2019,
2019. Imidan (or - variously - Decis or Baturad or Rogor) recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer for use in May, June, againstolive moth (prays oleae, Croatian: maslinin moljac); Imidan (or Decis or Rogor or Rogor with Buminal or Success Bait or Eko-Trap) recommended to be used in July, August, September and October against olive fruit fly (bactrocera oleae, Croatian: maslinova muha)
PYRIPROXYFEN Insect growth regulator (IGR). Aromatic ether, member of pyridines (substance group unclassified)
Possible adverse effects: Toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms; in humans: harmful if absorbed through the skin, or swallowed; causes eye irritation; possibly affects male fertility; possible endocrine disruptor, may have an estrogenic effect; possible liver and blood toxicant
ON HVAR: 2019: Pyxal recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer for use in May against scale insects (coccoidea, Croatian: štitašte uši)
RESMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid.
Possible adverse effects: potentially harmful to humans: endocrine disruptor, neurotoxic, eye and skin irritant, possible thyroid toxicity; possible human carcinogen; highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to birds;
EU, ECHA: not approved. [Banned in the United States since 2015.]
- University of Hertfordshire, Pesticide Properties Database 2018. Resmethrin.
ON HVAR: Resmethrin was on the list of pesticides recommended for use around Hvar Town, Stari Grad and the Jelsa Council area, under the Programme issued by the Split-Dalmatian County Public Health Institute for 2017.
SPINOSAD, combination of Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D, derived from naturally occurring soil fungi (naturalyte)
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to bees; toxic to fish and earthworms; in humans can cause allergic reactions and eye irritation.
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Laser (19.06.2019) and Success Bait (13.09.2019, 27.09.2019)
TETRAMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid.
Possible adverse effects: potential human carcinogen, also can cause dizziness, breathing difficulties, coughing, eye irritation, gastrointestinal upset, blisters and skin rashes; extremely toxic to bees and aquatic organisms, including fish and aquatic invertebrates.
EU / ECHA: not approved:
Products: Permex 22E (with Permethrin & Piperonyl Butoxide); Cymina Ultra; Household insect-killing sprays such as Sanmex Fly and Wasp Killer.; Bonide Wasp and Hornet Killer, Enforcer Flea Spray, Hi-Yield Wasp and Hornet Spray, Ortho MAX Flying Insect Killer, Raid Flea Killer, Raid Flying Insect Killer.
Croatia FIS: Permex 22E, Cymina Plus, Cymina Ultra not approved
USED ON HVAR: DDD programme for adult insect suppression fogging spraying and dispersion: 2016: Permex 22E (with Microfly, Cipex 10E)- Hvar Town and its surrounds, June, July x2, August, October; Stari Grad and its environs, June, July, August; Jelsa Council area, July x2, August 2016. 2017: Hvar Town and surrounds Permex 22E (with Microfly) 25th May, 20th June; 13th July; (with Cipex) 11th August, 28th September, 12th October. Permex 22E: 22 litres; Stari Grad and surrounds (with Cipex) 17-18th May, 14th July, 11th August, 26th September, total 10 litres; Jelsa Council region (with Cipex), 12th July, 10th August, 27th September 2017, 9 litres. 2018: Hvar Town region, 24th July 2018, quantity 3 kg; Stari Grad region (also Cipex, Microfly), 26th July, 15th August, 6th September, 3L; Jelsa region (also Cipex, Microfly), 25th July, 14th August, 5th September 2018, 4L.
THIAMETHOXAM. Neonicotinoid.
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic life, with acute and lasting effects; highly toxic to bees; toxic to earthworms; in humans, can be harmful through skin contact, inhalation, and especially ingestion; can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache; ingestion can cause seizures, coma, hypothermia, respiratory failure, hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias and death.
EU: not approvedECHA: approved PT18 01/02/2015 - 31/01/2025.
Products: Actara 25WG, Actara 240SC, Cruiser SB, Centric, Flagship, Meridian, Optigard, Platinum (not on the ECHA approved list as at 6th May 2019). ECHA approved products: Agita 10WG, AGITA 100 PLUS, AGITAGARD 10WG, AGITA®10wg, Ditex, MS Thia-Fly (Market area Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus & 22 more); AGITA 1GB (Market area France Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom).
Croatia FIS: Actara 25WG,Actara 240SC not approved
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Actara (10.05.2019, 14.06.2019, 19.06.2019)
TRICHLORFON. Organophosphate.
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to birds, bees, and aquatic organisms, toxic to fish; in humans, possible carcinogen; suspected to cause reproductive problems and birth defects; can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps; affects the nervous system: can cause confusion, headaches, irritability, speech difficulties, memory and concentration loss; when inhaled, causes breathing problems, pulmonary oedema, sometimes nose-bleeds; eye contact can cause redness and bleeding, tears, blurred vision; skin contact can cause sweating and muscle contractions; severe poisoning affects the central nervous system and can cause loss of coordination (ataxia), slurred speech, weakness, fatigue, paralysis, unconsciousness, and even death; symptoms such as cramps, tingling, numbness in the legs followed by incoordination and paralysis sometimes come on 1-4 weeks after exposure and can leave permanent disability.
EU /ECHA / Croatia FIS: Not approved.
Sources: - Toxnet (Toxicology Data Network) 1983, updated 2018.Trichlorfon
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database. 2005, modified 2018. Metrifonate -TRICHLORFON.
- University of Hertfordshire Pesticide Properties Database 2018. Trichlorfon.
USED ON HVAR: for many years trichlorfon was distributed to households together with rat poison (Ratimor, see below), previously in flimsy cellophane packaging. In tablet form, it was intended for use down toilet pans: when used, it most probably finished in the sea from seaside properties, or in the soil from soak-away septic tanks.
Dangerous poisons in flimsy packaging. Photo: Vivian Grisogono.
TRICOSENE. Chemical compound: muscalure, Z-9-tricosene, cis-tricos-9-ene, muscamone
Possible adverse effects: Irritant to skin and eyes on contact; inhalation can cause irritation to the respiratory tract; highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates
EU:Not approvedECHA: Approved PT19, repellants and attractants, 01/10/2014 - 30/09/2024.
- PubChem Open Chemistry Database, 2005, updated January 2019.Tricosene
USED ON HVAR DDD programme, on rubbish tips: 2018: Quick Bayt®, Hvar Town region, 3rd July, 2 kg; Stari Grad region, 3rd July, 25th July, 15th July, 6th September 2018, 2 kg.
2. SYNERGIST (INERT SUBSTANCE / MIXER)
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (PBO). Pyrethroid synergist.
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; may cause birth defects, including holoprosencephaly (HPE); may delay mental development in infants; animal studies show possible damage, including tumours, in mice and rats.
- Khan, M.Z. & Law, F.C.P. 2005. Adverse effects of pesticides and related chemicals on enzyme and hormone systems of fish, amphibians and reptiles: a review. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Science 42 (4): 315-323.
USED ON HVAR in Permex 22E for adult insect suppression 'fogging' spraying and dispersion (see Permethrin or Tetramethrin, above)
3. FUNGICIDES (Agricultural fungicides are not included in the ECHA list of approved chemical substances)
AZOXYSTROBIN(substance group strobilurin)
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic organisms and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to hoverfly larvae; toxic to fish, earthworms; in humans, suspected possible carcinogen; can be fatal if swallowed; highly toxic if inhaled; harmful if absorbed through the skin; skin and eye irritant.
Possible adverse effects: moderately toxic to fish, birds and earthworms; may affect foraging capacity in honeybees; in humans: possible carcinogen; possible effects on reproduction and development
EU: Approved 01/08/2008 - 31/07/2021
Products: Signum (boscalid and pyraklostrobin)
Croatia FIS: Signum approved 29/12/2006-31/12/2023
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Scientific Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Signum (19/06/2019)
- University of Hertfordshire 2021. Pesticide Properties DataBase Calcium chloride
CALCIUM DIHYDROXIDE
Possible adverse effects: corrosive; toxic for aquatic life; in humans: skin irritant; causes serious eye irritation, possible respiratory tract irritant;
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic organisms and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; toxic to earthworms; moderately toxic to honeybees; in humans, may cause genetic defects; may damage fertility and the unborn child;
EU: Not approved
Product: Tilt CB 187.5 FW (carbendazim and propiconazole)
- University of Hertfordshire Pesticide Properties Database 2019. Carbendazim
CHLOROTHALONIL substance group chloronitrile
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms; in humans: can be fatal if swallowed or inhaled; possible carcinogen; can affect reproduction and development; possible endocrine disruptor; causes serious eye damage; can cause respiratory tract irritation; can cause allergic skin reaction
- PPDB Pesticide Properties Database University of Hertfordshire. 2019. Chlorothalonil
COPPER COMPOUNDS
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin. People with Wilson's disease (in which copper is absorbed and stored excessively in the body), are at special risk of poisoning from copper-based pesticides.
Products: Bordeaux Mixture (combination of copper sulphate and hydrated lime / calcium dihydroxide, see above); Bordoška juha Caffaro 20WP (copper compounds, Bordeaux Mixture), Bordoška juha 20WP Manica (copper compounds, Bordeaux Mixture); Kocide 3000 (copper hydroxide); Champ®Formula 2 (copper hydroxide), Champion WG50; Champion Flow SC; Comac (copper hydroxide), Wetcol 3 Copper Fungicide (tetracopper tricalcium sulphate and soluble calcium), Bordocop, Nordox 75WG (copper(I) oxide), Cuprablau Z (copper compounds, copper oxychloride); Cuprablau Z 35WG (copper compounds, copper oxychloride); Cuprocaffaro 50WP; Neoram WG (copper oxychloride) Copper Key Flow (copper oxychloride), Codimur SC (copper oxychloride)
Croatia FIS: Bordoška juha caffaro 20WP approved 08/07/2004.-31/12/2023; Bordoška juha 20WP manica approved 24/11/2006-31/12/2023. Champion Flow SC approved 17/06/1997-31/12/2023. Champion WG50 approved 21/01/2008.-31/12/2023. Cuprablau Z 35WG approved 17/04/2019-01/01/2022;Cuprocaffaro 50WP approved 17/04/2019-01/01/2022; Neoram WG approved 24/01/2008-31/12/2023; Nordox 75WG approved 24/01/2002-31/12/2023. Not approved:Modra galica; Cuprablau Z Ultra; Modra Galica (Scarmagnan) registration withdrawn on 01/07/2016; Champion and Cuprablau-Z registration withdrawn on 01/01/2020, final deadline for sales of stocks 01/07/2020, final use-by date 01/07/2021.
Spraying vines, 30th April 2019. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
COPPER SULPHATE
Possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, algae, birds, earthworms. In humans: harmful if inhaled, can cause serious eye problems. Associated with increased risk of potentially malignant oral submucous fibrosis, which can lead to oral squamous cell carcinoma.
USED ON HVAR: Copper-based compounds, such as Nordox, and especially Copper Sulphate and Bordeaux Mixture, are widely used on vines, especially on the north side of the island, also on other crops(see 'Starigrad Plain: Our Survey')
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use copper-based pesticides fungicides (22.02.2019, 14.03.2019,15.03.2019 (for olives), 15.03.2019 (for vines), 12th April 2019 (for vegetables), 19.06.2019, 26.07.2019)
2019: Nordox or Cuprablau or Bordeaux Mix (Bordoška juha) recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer to be used in January, February, March and November against olive leaf spot (spilocaea oleagina Cast. Croatian: paunovo oko); Neoram combined with mineral oil recommended in January against scale insects (coccoidea, Croatian: štitašte uši); Neoram and Nordox recommended against olive leaf spot in September; Neoram as an alternative against olive leaf spot in November.
Sprayed vines, June 12th 2018. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
CYMOXANIL substance group cyanoacetamide oxime
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; in humans: highly toxic if swallowed; reproductive toxicity, suspected of damaging fertility and the unborn child; skin irritant; eye irritant; prolonged exposure causes organ damage
EU: Approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2021.
Product: Antracol Combi WP 76 (Cymoxanil and Propineb) Croatia FIS:Antracol Combi WP 76 and other Antracol products not approved
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; harmful to bees; can contaminate bee pollen;moderately toxic to birds and mammals; in humans, possible carcinogen; possible endocrine disruptor; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause serious eye irritation
ON HVAR: Difcor recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer for use in April 2019 against olive leaf spot (spilocaea oleagina Cast. Croatian: paunovo oko)
DIMETHOMORPH substance group morpholine
Possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, crustaceans and plants, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; possibly affects honeybees through accumulation in pollen; slight risk for bumblebees and birds; moderately toxic to earthworms; can affect soil bacteria, impacting on soil nitrification and ammonification; in humans: irritant to respiratory tract, skin and eyes; possibly causes chromosome aberrations; possibly affects reproduction and development
EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2021
Products: Acrobat MZ WG (dimethomorph with mancozeb), Cabrio Team (dimethomorph and pyraclostrobin)
Croatia FIS: Acrobat MZ WG approval withdrawn 04/07/2021; Cabrio Team not approved
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic life, hazardous to the aquatic environment; moderately toxic to birds, earthworms; in humans: toxic; possible carcinogen; possible liver and kidney toxicant; if swallowed, may cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea; can cause serious eye irritation
EU: Approved 01/06/2011 - 31/05/2024
Product: Pergado D (dithianon, mandipropamid)
Croatia FIS: Pergado D approved 28/01/2019-31/07/2024
- PPDB Pesticide Properties Database University of Hertfordshire. 2020. Dithianon
FLUOPYRAM, substance group benzamide, pyramide
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child
EU: Approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024.
Products: Luna ® Privilege (fluopyram); Luna Care (fluopyram with fosetyl) Luna Experience (fluopyram with tebuconazole), Luna Sensation (fluopyram with trifloxystrobin), Velum Prime
Croatia FIS: Luna Privilege approved 09/02/2015 - 31/01/2025; Luna Care approved 23/04/2020 - 30/04/2022;Luna Experience approved 19/01/2015 - 31/08/2020; Luna Sensation approved 09/07/2019 - 31/01/2025.
Sources:- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database, 2018.Fluopyram
USED ON HVAR Luna Experience, Luna Sensation and Luna Privilege used by individuals cultivating vines, olives, etc(see 'Starigrad Plain: Our Survey')
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use Luna Privilege and Luna Experience (14.03.2019.,10.05.2019.,24.05.2019.,18.06.2019.,26.06.2019.,26.07.2019)
FOLPET(synthetic phthalimide)
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms; causes developmental effects in animals; in humans: probable human carcinogen; possibly disrupts fertility; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions.ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health
EU: Approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2021.ECHA: approved under PT 06 (preservatives for products during storage), 07 (film preservatives), 09 (fibre, leather, rubber and polymerised materials preservatives)
Products: Universalis (folpet and azoxystrobin), Folpet 80 WDG, Folpan 50 WP, Phoenix®, Mikal Flash (folpet and fosetyl-al), Mikal (folpet and fosetyl-al), Mikal Premium F (folpet, fosetyl, iprovalicarb), Pergado F (folpet and mandipropamid)
Croatia FIS: Universalis approved 21/05/2007-31/12/2023., Mikal Flash approved 30/11/2006-31/12/2023, Mikal Premium F approved 29/11/2007-31/12/2023, Pergado F approval withdrawn 04/07/2021, previously approved 26/11/2007-31/12/2023. Mikal and Folpan 50WP not approved
Sources:- PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005 modified 2019.Folpet.
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database. 2018.Folpet.
- United States Environmental Protection Agency 1999. R.E.D. facts.Folpet.
USED ON HVAR Mikal, Mikal Flash, Universalis and Pergado used by farmers cultivating grapes and olives, etc(see 'Starigrad Plain: Our Survey')
30th April 2019, following heavy rain on Hvar, the Agriculture Ministry's Scientific Support Department advised grape growers to use Pergado F to prevent downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
12th April 2019, the Agriculture Ministry's Scientific Support Department advised grape growers to use Folpet fungicides preventively against black spot (Phomopsis viticola)
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to useMikal Flash, Mikal Premium F (02/05/2019,27/05/2019, 18/06/2019, 03/07/2019), and Pergado F (27/05/2019)
Possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage; skin irritant
EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2021.
Products: Luna Care (fosetyl and fluopyram), Mikal Flash (folpet and fosetyl-al), Mikal (folpet and fosetyl-al), Mikal Premium F (folpet, fosetyl, iprovalicarb), Aliette Flash, Fosetyl-Al 80WP, Previcur Energy (propamocarb with fosetyl-al).
Croatia FIS: Luna Care approved 23/04/2020 - 30/04/2022;Mikal Flash approved 30/11/2006-31/12/2023, Mikal Premium F approved 29/11/2007-31/12/2023, Previcur Energy approved 23/05/2007-31/12/2023; Aliette Flash approved 27/11/2006-31/12/2023; Aliette WG, Mikal not approved
Sources:- PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005 modified 2019.Fosetyl-Al
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database 2018.Fosetyl-al
- Toxnet (Toxicology Data Network) 1993, updated 2006, field updates 2010.Fosetyl-Aluminum
- United States Environmental Protection Agency 1991. R.E.D. facts.Fosetyl-Al
USED ON HVAR Mikal and Mikal Flash used by individuals cultivating vines, olives, etc(see 'Starigrad Plain: Our Survey')
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to useMikal Flash, Mikal Premium F (02.05.2019,27.05.2019, 18.06.2019, 03.07.2019),and Aliette Flash (12.04.2019)
IPROVALICARB substance group carbamate
Possible adverse effects: marine pollutant; very toxic to aquatic organisms; toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment; moderately toxic to earthworms; in humans: possible carcinogen; corrosive to skin; highly damaging to health if swallowed (Melody Duo WP66,8)
EU: Approved 01/04/2016-31/03/2031
Products: Mikal Premium F (folpet, fosetyl, iprovalicarb), Melody Duo 66,8, Melody Duo WP 66,75 (propineb and iprovalicarb)
Croatia FIS: Mikal Premium F approved 29/11/2007.-31/12/2023.Melody Duo 66,8, Melody Duo WP 66,75 not approved
- Bayer Crop Science 2004/2005. safety Data Sheet Melody Duo WP66,8 10XI KG FS Internation
KRESOXIM METHYL (Substance group strobilurin)
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; Highly toxic to the aquatic environment with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to mammals; moderately toxic to earthworms; slightly toxic to honey bees (apis mellifera); in humans: probable carcinogen; irritant to respiratory tract, skin and eyes
EU: approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2024.
Product: Stroby WG
Croatia FIS: Stroby WG approved 25/07/2011-25/07/2021
Sources: - PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005updated 2020. Kresoxim Methyl
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database 2019. Kresoxim Methyl
ON HVAR 2019: Stroby (or Nativo) recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer for use in May, August and November against olive leaf spot (spilocaea oleagina Cast. Croatian: paunovo oko)
MANCOZEB(substance group carbamate)
Possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
EU / ECHA: not approved
Products: Cadillac 80WP, Acrobat MZ WG (mancozeb, dimethomorph), Fubol Gold (mancozeb, metalaxyl), Mancozeb Blue 72 WG, Mancozeb Flowable with Zinc, Matco 8-64 (mancozeb with metalaxyl), Ridomil Gold MZ pepite (mancozeb, metalaxyl), Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP (mancozeb with metalaxyl), Pergado MZ (Mandipropamid with Mancozeb)
Sources:- PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005 modified 2019.Mancozeb
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database 2018.Mancozeb
- Axelstad, M., Boberg, J., Nellemann, C., Kiersgaard, M., Jacobsen, P.R., Christiansen, S., Hougaard, K.S., Hass, U. 2011.Exposure to the widely used fungicide mancozeb causes thyroid disruptionin rat dams but no behavioral effects in the offspring. Toxicological Sciences 120 (2) 439-446
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2005.Mancozeb Facts- Pesticide Reregistration
ON HVAR: Ridomil and Cadillac used by individuals cultivating vines, olives, etc(see 'Starigrad Plain: Our Survey')
24th May 2019, the Agriculture Ministry's Scientific Support Department advised vegetable growers to use Ridomil Gold MZ preventively on potatoes, garlic, onions, tomatoes and peppers.
12th April 2019, the Agriculture Ministry's Scientific Support Department advised grape growers to use Mancozeb fungicides preventively against black spot (Phomopsis viticola)
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to birds and earthworms; can be harmful to the liver and kidneys; eye irritant.
EU: Approved 01/08/2013 - 31/07/2023. [ECHA warning: hazardous to the environment.]
Products: Pergado F (mandipropamid, folpet), Pergado D (mandipropamid, dithianon), Pergado MZ (mandipropamid, mancozeb)
Croatia FIS: Pergado F approved 26/11/2007-31/12/2023, Pergado D approved 28/01/2019-31/07/2024, Pergado MZ approval withdrawn 04/07/2021, previously approved 21/05/2007-31/12/2023.
Sources:- PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 26/10/2006 updated 10/07/2019. Mandipropamid
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database, updated June 2019. Mandipropamid
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to usePergado MZ (19.06.2019)
METALAXYL, METALAXYL-M(substance group phenylamide)
Possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to useRidomilGold MZ pepite (12.04.2019., 05.06.2019., 18.06.2019.,19.06.2019., 03.07.2019.)
METIRAMSubstance group Carbamate
Possible adverse effects:Moderately toxic to fish; highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates; highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; moderately toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can cause skin and eye irritation; can cause anaemia; toxic if ingested or inhaled; can cause abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested; classified as a possible human carcinogen
EU: Approved 01/07/2006 - 31/01/2021
Products:Cabrio® Top (metiram & pyraclostrobin), Polyram DF
Croatia FIS: Cabrio Top approved 07/04/2011-07/04/2021; Polyram DF approved 02/02/2012-02/02/2022
Sources:- PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005,modified 2019.Metiram
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database 2018.Metiram
- Toxnet (Toxicology Data Network) 1991, revised 2010. Metiram
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised grape-growers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use the Metiram fungicide Polyram DF preventively against black spot (Phomopsis viticola) (12th April 2019)
PENCONAZOLE, substance group Triazole
Possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; in humans: suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child; possible endocrine disruptor; very harmful if swallowed
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers inthe Split-Dalmatia County to useTopas (05.06.2019,18.06.2019,03.07.2019, 26.07.2019)
PROPAMOCARB substance group carbamate
Possible adverse effects: Potentially harmful to herbivorous and insectivorous birds; moderately toxic to fish and honeybees; in humans: harmful if swallowed; skin irritant; possible endocrine disruptor; possible neurotoxicant
EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2021
Products: Previcur Energy (propamocarb with fosetyl-al); Previcur 670SL (propamocarb hydrochloride). Croatia FIS: Previcur Energy approved 23/05/2007-31/12/2023; Previcur 607SL not approved
Sources:- PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005 modified 2020. Propamocarb
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database. 2019. Propamocarb
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; toxic to aquatic organisms; in humans, highly irritant to eyes and skin; harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin; can cause skin allergies; possible liver toxicant; possible endocrine disruptor; classified as possible carcinogen by USEPA.
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can cause organ damage, allergic skin reactions; toxic on skin contact; suspected as possible carcinogen, respiratory tract irritant.
Possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic crustaceans and sediment dwelling organisms; very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can affect reproduction and development; possible endocrine disruptor; can cause skin irritation; possible irritant if inhaled;
EU: Approved 01/08/2008-31/07/2021
Product: Falcon Forte (prothioconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole)
Croatia FIS: Falcon Forte approved 20/03/2019-31/07/2021
PYRACLOSTROBIN (Carbamate ester, substance group Strobilurin)
Possible adverse effects:Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain
EU: Approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2021.
Products: Cabrio® Top (pyraclostrobin & metiram), Baitai ® (pyraclostrobin & metiram), Cabrio Team ® (pyraclostrobin & dimethomorph), Signum (pyraclostrobin & boscalid)
Croatia FIS: Cabrio Top approved 07/04/2011-07/04/2021; Signum approved 29/12/2006-31/12/2023. Cabrio Team not approved
Sources:- PubChem Open Chemistry Database, 2006modified 2019.Pyraclostrobin
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database 2018.Pyraclostrobin
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to useSignum (19.06.2019)
PYRIMETHANIL(Substance group anilinopyrimidine).
Possible adverse effects:toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; endocrine disruptor in tree frogs, causes liver and kidney damage in non-target species; toxic to earthworms; in humans, possible carcinogen; toxic through skin contact and inhalation
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to usePyrus400SC (26/04/2019, 10/05/2019,05/06/2019, 18/06/2019,26/07/2019, and Scala (19/06/2019)
SPIROXAMINE(Substance group morpholine).
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; in humans, suspected of causing damage to the unborn child; may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions;
EU: Approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2023.
Products: Impulse®, Prosper®500 EC, Falcon (spiroxamine with tebuconazole), Falcon EC 460 (spiroxamine, tebuconazole, tridimenol), Falcon Forte (spiroxamine, prothioconazole, tebuconazole)
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to useFalcon 460EC (18/06/2019, 26/07/2019)
SULPHUR(inorganic compound)
Possible adverse effects: if inhaled can cause coughing, sneezing and respiratory impairment; skin contact can cause redness, itching and burning in sensitive individuals; eye contact can cause painful irritation, redness and tears; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea; can interfere with photosynthesis in plants.
EU: Approved 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2021.
Products: Chromosul 80 (Warnings: Chromosul 80 to be used no more than four times a year, and never when the vine is fully developed; should not be mixed with propamocarb, captan, heptenophos, oils, bupirimate and folpet.); Sugran (Chromosul WG), Sumpor prašivo; Sumpor WG 80, Sumpor SC 80; Sumpor Micro 80WP, Sumpor močivi tiosam 80 mikro, Sumporno prašivo
2019: the Agriculture Ministry's Department of Expert Support for the Development of Agriculture and Fishing advised farmers in the Split-Dalmatia County to use sulphur-based fungicides (15/03/2019, 19/06/2019, 26/06/2019,)
TEBUCONAZOLE (substance group triazole)
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
EU: Approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2021. ECHA: approved under PT07 (film preservatives), 08 (wood preservatives), 10 (construction material preservatives)
Products: Tebuconazole 3.6, Cogito (tebuconazole with propiconazole), Luna Experience (tebuconazole with fluopyram), Falcon 460EC (tebuconazole with spiroxamine), Falcon Forte (spiroxamine, prothioconazole, tebuconazole), Nativo 75WG (trifloxystrobin with tebuconazole).
2019: Nativo (alternatively Stroby) recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer against olive leaf spot (spilocaea oleagina Cast. Croatian: paunovo oko)
TRIADIMENOL substance group triazole
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; causes reproductive disruption in medaka fish and mammals;can harm Eremias argus lizards; causes neurobehavioural effects in rats; in humans: highly toxic if swallowed; may damage fertility; may harm the unborn child; may harm a child being breast-fed; causes eye irritation; causes mild skin irritation
Walker, Q.D., Malman, R.D. 1996. Triadimefon and Triadimenol: Effects on Monoamine Uptake and Release. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 139 (2) 227-233
TRIFLOXYSTROBIN (substance group strobilurin)
Possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to sediment-dwelling organisms and aquatic plants; moderately toxic to earthworms; low toxicity to honeybees; in humans: can cause problems with reproduction and development; can cause eye irritation and allergic skin reactions;
EU: approved 01/08/2018-31/07/2033.
Products: Nativo 75WG (trifloxystrobin with tebuconazole). Luna Sensation (trifloxystrobin with fluopyram)
Croatia FIS: Nativo approved 06/03/2008-31/12/2023; Luna Sensation approved 09/07/2019.-31/01/2025.
Sources: - PubChem Open Chemistry Database. 2005 modified 2020. Trifloxystrobin
- University of Hertfordshire: Pesticide Properties Database 2019. Trifloxystrobin
4. LIMACIDE (MOLLUSCICIDE) ECHA APPROVAL CODE PT16, molluscicides, vermicides and products to control other invertebrates (against slugs, snails and other arthropods)
METALDEHYDE (Chemical compound)
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects; deadly to dogs and cats: Toxic to humans if swallowed or through skin contact or inhalation; can cause salivation, lethargy, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, convulsions, hyperthermia, comas, and death
EU: approved, 01/06/2011-31/05/2023. ECHA: not approved
Products: Pužomor, Corry's slug, snail and insect killer, Bug-geta snail and slug pellets, Slugit, Slug-Tox, Certis Deal 5, Meridien, Carakol, Metalden, Metarex. Combined with insecticide Carbaryl in Lily Miller Slug, Snail and Insect Killer Bait, also for Ortho Bug-Geta Plus. ECHA: no approved related products
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic when ingested, causes haemorrhage, can be fatal to humans and animals alike; can be fatal through inhalation and skin contact; highly toxic to fish and birds; causes long-lasting damaging effects in aquatic environments
EU: Not approvedECHA: approved, PT14, 01/02/2012 - 30/06/2024. Products: Ratimor, Ridak, Delicat, Sorexa Checkatube. ECHAas at 07.11.2019, 454approved productsincluding AGRIGARD PASTA BF-50, ALBAROD BF-50 PASTA, BRODI PASTE, BRODITEC P-50, BRODITEC P-50 CEREALI, ANTI-RAT Plus, Vahaplokid, ANTI-RAT Plus vaska briketes, ANTI-RAT Plus vaškiniai blokai, BRODI RAT BLOCK, BRODIFACOUM BB.
- PubChem, Open Chemistry Database 2011, updated 2018: Brodifacoum
- University of Hertfordshire Pesticide Properties Database, updated 2018. Brodifacoum
- Toxnet (Toxicology Data Network) 1984, updated 2014. Brodifacoum
ON HVAR: Brodifacoum was on the list of pesticides recommended for use around Hvar Town, Stari Grad and the Jelsa Council area, under the Programme issued by the Split-Dalmatian County Public Health Institute for 2017, and in the Institute's Implementation Plan for 2018.
Possible adverse effects: Acutely toxic, can be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or via skin contact; may damage fertility or the unborn child; can cause organ damage in humans; highly toxic to fish and aquatic life, also to earthworms.
USED ON HVAR, Ratimor (granules and wax blocks): 2016: Hvar Town and surrounds: May and October; Stari Grad and surrounds, April and October; Jelsa Council region, April-May and October 2016; 2017: Hvar Town region, May-June, 17th & 23rd November, total quantities 1010 kg granules 172 kg wax blocks; Stari Grad and surrounds, May and November, total: 787 kg; Jelsa Council region, May and November 2017. total 981 kg; 2018: Hvar Town region 22nd May, 3rd October, Ratimor granules 455 kg, wax blocks 22 kg; Stari Grad & surrounds, 22-24 May, 2-4 October; Jelsa Council region,18-21 May, 25th September - 4th October 2018.Ratimor has been delivered to households on Hvar twice a year for many years. It wasdelivered along with an insecticide, Trichlorfon (see above). Until 2017, the pesticides were delivered in flimsy cellophane packages, with the instructions on the inside. In 2018, Ratimor was delivered to households in flimsy cardboard boxes, without detailed instructions as to how to use the poisons, and without any guidance as to how to dispose of the box and poison after use.
6. HERBICIDES. (Herbicides are not included in the ECHA list of approved chemical substances)
Herbicide in Stari Grad field. Photo: Vivian Grisogono
GLYPHOSATE. There are at least some 750 glyphosate-based herbicides available in the world markets. Eleven of them, including the widely used Roundup (Cidokor in Croatian), were banned in the EU in 2016.
Suspected possible adverse effects in humans: carcinogenic; neurotoxic; genotoxic; contributes to antibiotic resistance; influences pregnancy, fertility, and birth defects; endocrine disruptor; damages DNA, gut bacteria, organs including liver, kidneys and spleen; contributes to Parkinson's Disease and autism.
Possible environmental ill-effects: damage to water, fish, aquatic organisms, soil, soil organisms, bees, butterflies, gastropods, trees, plants
You can find a detailed presentation of the evidence of glyphosate's potential dangers here. For a description of the problems relating to glyphosate, click here.
USED ON HVAR: Roundup (locally Cidokor) has been widely and intensively used on Hvar over many years, alongside other glyphosate-based herbicides such as 'Ouragan', 'Oxalis' and 'Boom Efekt'. (see 'Starigrad Plain: Our Survey')
2019, Cidokor, alternatively Herkules Super or Glyfos were recommended by a well-respected Hvar olive oil producer to be used on weeds in April and June.
Information updated January 2021.
Please note: the above information is as complete and accurate as possible, and has taken several years to piece together. To date, the Split-Dalmatian County Public Health Institute and one of the Hvar local authorities have only given us incomplete information in response to our requests. If you are aware of inaccuracies or further information which would be relevant to this list, please let us know at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Lots of dogs have a tough time on Hvar and in other parts of Croatia. Helping dogs in need can be tricky. These are basic guidelines to help show you what can and can't be done.
As July progresses, the grapes ripen on the vines, ready to reach their full luscious ripeness later on in August. However, foraging is not recommended.
Poisons, definitely not! Eco Hvar's campaign against the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides to kill off unwanted insects and other 'pests' began many years ago.
Your support is needed! November 2019 saw the launch of the European Citizens' Initiative petition under the title 'Save Bees and Farmers'. Please sign it, if you haven't done so already.
These delicate-looking, exquisite creatures play an important part in the natural chain. They are especially useful to humans because of their voracious appetite for mosquitoes and other biting insect...
Steve Jones of Dol recounts his observations during June and July 2019, a mixture of some disappointments balanced by unexpected joys, including a couple of bird rescues!
Steve reports from Dol on the unsettled spring weather, and the welcome bird arrivals on Hvar: March and April have continued to bring the species in and as at April 24th I have seen 77 species with p...
Having offered hospitality to a young swallow family earlier in the year, Marion and Zzdravko decided to extend their facilities to welcome bees. It turned out to be a very rewarding learning experien...
"My connection to Croatia is unbreakable. I feel it as a cord of turquoise and rosemary and cicadas and curry plants, from my heart to that island. I ...
On Tuesday 16th July, the Ultra festival descended on Hvar, whose long-suffering citizens braced themselves for the event. Further east on the island ...
The concept of exterminating people, for whatever reason, is unacceptable in civilized societies. Using chemical poisons for largescale destruction of...
The forthcoming local elections on Hvar promise to be interesting, by contrast with the General Election two years ago, when Jelsa's Dobri duh ('Good ...
Church bells are part of daily life all over Croatia. Splitska on Brač Island is one of the few places where the bells are rung by hand and not electr...
The exhibition of Croatia's cultural heritage as recognized on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List highlights the fact that Hvar is extremely...
Despite the local authorities' attempts to control mosquitoes with pesticides, many have complained that the mosquitoes on the island are more virulent than ever.
Query: It was a pleasant surprise to come across your article regarding olive oil making in Dalmatia. Me and my husband have taken it up as a serious hobby to be involved in the olive oil process in m...
I am staying at the Hotel Berulia in Brela and have been feeding a mother,father and five kittens about (10 weeks old). Do they get rid of the kittens in the winter when there are no guests?
We are currently visiting your lovely island and are staying in the Amfora Hotel. Since our arrival we have fallen in love with a beautiful stray young cat.
Hello I was staying in Hvar Town for 5 days last week in June 14 and we tried our best to care for the kittens, cats we have seen as they were so very skinny. What is keeping me awake at night back in...
The registered charity Eco Hvar will be holding its 7th Annual General Meeting on
Saturday 27th June 2020 at 10:00 in the Cafe Splendid on Jelsa's ma...
The novel coronavirus named Covid-19 has ravaged the world. Being new, its spread has been swift and fierce, in the absence of a vaccine or known effe...
An exhibition in two locations, Stari Grad and Jelsa, is showcasing Croatia's abundance of cultural assets, as recognized on the UNESCO Intangible Cul...
Swtizerland has been leading the way with determined efforts to protect its natural environment and establish ecologically safe farming practices. On ...
Stari Grad's fire service has confirmed the conditions governing lighting fires outdoors. The restrictions apply generally across Croatia, with some m...
After several years of research, Eco Hvar has concluded that people who buy, use and/or recommend pesticides have little or no idea about the dangers ...
A listing of chemical pesticides and their active ingredients used by individuals and / or local authorities on Hvar and in other parts of Croatia. In...
The look of abject terror on the monkey's face is a haunting picture, the stuff of nightmares for anyone with an ounce of empathy for torture victims,...
Pesticide regulation, registers, laws. We provide a guide to the systems governing them, with an overview of some of the many problems arising from pe...
After several years of research, we are still waiting for a responsible reaction to our concerns about the current national policy of pest control in ...
Our request to Croatian local and national authorities to review the insect suppression programme has produced a lamentable response so far. It's hard...
Would I find myself driving home through a mist of toxic chemicals if I caught the 20:30 ferry back from Split? That was the question on 27th Septembe...
A bee sting can cause a severe allergic reaction in a vulnerable person. Under current Croatian law, insects which cause allergic reactions must be su...
Because we at Eco Hvar are very concerned about the shortcomings of the mosquito liquidation programme on Hvar and around Croatia, we have petitioned ...
The manufacturers have claimed that the herbicide Roundup, whose active ingredient is glyphosate, is "safe enough to drink", and many people are naive...
From October 1st 2016, the sale of Roundup (Croatian Cidokor) and 11 other similar glyphosate-based herbicides was banned in the European Union. The b...
For several years, the local councils of Jelsa, Stari Grad and Hvar have routinely sprayed the streets against mosquitoes, flies and other 'flying pes...
Donations can be made in kunas or foreign currencies such as euros, pounds, dollars and Swiss francs. Please let us know when you have made a donation, especially if you require an official receipt, as the bank does not always identify donors. All donations, however small, are very welcome.
ECO HVAR BANK DETAILS
Privredna Banka Zagreb d.d.
Poslovnica 220 Pjaca, Pjaca 1
21465 Jelsa, Croatia
IBAN: HR37 2340 0091 1106 0678 6 (Account number)
SWIFT CODE: PBZGHR2X
Account name: ECO HVAR
Account address: Pitve 93, 21465 Jelsa, Croatia
If the payment slip has a box for 'further details' or 'further information' you should enter the Charity's OIB: 14009858487, and state 'donation' or 'donacija'.
Hostile dispute over trophy hunting fuelled by ‘myths driven by emotion and morality that ignore critical facts’
Leading scientists have warned that global conservation is being undermined by celebrity power after they suffered death threats and abuse in a hostile dispute over trophy hunting.
Call for world leaders to act in wake of French extradition case that turned on environmental concerns
Air pollution does not respect national boundaries and environmental degradation will lead to mass migration in the future, said a leading barrister in the wake of a landmark migration ruling, as experts warned that government action must be taken as a matter of urgency.
Sailesh Mehta, a barrister specialising in environmental cases, said: “The link between migration and environmental degradation is clear. As global warming makes parts of our planet uninhabitable, mass migration will become the norm. Air and water pollution do not respect national boundaries. We can stop a humanitarian and political crisis from becoming an existential one. But our leaders must act now.”
Efforts to map the Earth’s trees are growing – and could change our understanding of the planet’s health
When a team of international scientists set out to count every tree in a large swathe of west Africa using AI, satellite images and one of the world’s most powerful supercomputers, their expectations were modest. Previously, the area had registered as having little or no tree cover.
The biggest surprise, says Martin Brandt, assistant professor of geography at the University of Copenhagen, is that the part of the Sahara that the study covered, roughly 10%, “where no one would expect to find many trees”, actually had “quite a few hundred million”.
The roles of agriculture and home heating in causing particle pollution are often neglected
When I talk to people about air pollution sources they normally blame the nearest busy road.
In new research, 16,000 people were asked where they thought air pollution came from, revealing some important misunderstandings. Respondents from seven European countries were asked to pick the two main sources of air pollution. Top choices everywhere were industry and traffic. However, the reality is very different.
Stamford, Lincolnshire: The trademark fingerprint of the wood-boring beetles is often hidden from sight
“Contracted” is the word that springs to mind as I look closely at the log I’ve pulled from the pile in my garden. It’s cold with frost-shimmer, and as I study its micro-landscape of moss-forest and bark-gully, I find where the rind has flaked away … something on the bare wood beneath.
I pick at the bark, like a scab. Beneath is a strange tattoo. At macro scale it resembles a labyrinth; all corners and spurs, tight-wound and interlocking, tortuous and confined. Zoom out and in form it’s like a weird fossil, outstretched wings or limbs or leaves, radiating out from a central spine or arm or trunk.
There are only two remaining rhinos of this species, a mother and daughter, but scientists see new hope in stem cell breakthroughs
“I watch these beautiful animals walk the path toward extinction every day,” keeper James Mwenda tells me. He’s out in the Kenyan bush, swatting flies. The anti-poaching K-9 dogs bark in the background. “I’ve watched their numbers fall from seven to two... Working with them and watching what’s happening – it’s an emotional freefall.” He smiles, clearly resigned to the pain of bearing witness. “But I’ve dedicated my life to it.”
The window to keep the northern white rhino from going functionally extinct to fully extinct is closing fast. Were things left only to nature, the two remaining rhinos – elderly, calm Najin and her feisty 20-year-old daughter Fatu – would be the last of their kind to graze the African grasslands. After civil war, habitat loss, and aggressive poaching, scientists declared the species extinct in the wild in 2008.
Report says not enough funding is being made available to deal with effects of extreme weather
Millions of people around the world are facing disaster from flood, droughts, heatwaves and other extreme weather, as governments fail to take the measures needed to adapt to the impacts of climate breakdown, the UN has warned.
Nearly three-quarters of countries around the world have recognised the need to plan for the effects of global heating, but few of those plans are adequate to the rising threat, and little funding has been made available to put them into force, according to the UN environment programme’s Adaptation report 2020, published on Thursday.
Historic court case accuses country of being responsible for ecological damage and its impacts
A Paris court has been asked to convict the French state for its alleged failure to act to halt the climate crisis.
The legal case, which is being brought by four environmental groups after a petition was signed by more than 2 million citizens, seeks to hold the country responsible for ecological damage and its detrimental health and social effects.
Wood pellets are sold as a clean alternative to coal. But is the subsidised bioenergy boom accelerating the climate crisis?
Kalev Järvik stands on a bald patch of land in the heart of Estonia’s Haanja nature reserve and remembers when he could walk straight from one side of the reserve to the other under a canopy of trees.
Järvik has lived in the Haanja uplands in the southern county of Võru for more than 10 years. His closeness to the forest has shaped his life as a carpenter and the fortunes of the surrounding villages, with their handicraft traditions – a substitute for farming on the poor arable land. Upcountry, travel literature promotes the region to city dwellers, promising its ancient woodlands as a place to rest and reinvigorate the mind.
Wenlock Edge, Shropshire: This was the perfect day to return him to the place that gave hope, strength and inspiration
“Whoop!” The brassy fart of a horn announces hunting somewhere behind the wood. Thread through the blackthorn into a hollow between scrubby spoil heaps, to gain the confidentiality of snow. At the gate, look west to the white wall of the Berwyn mountains; the sky streaks blue and salmon. The hunters vanish, but a chainsaw labours in the threat they leave behind; its voice fills the air with angry frustration, then shatters into calls of rooks across snowy fields.
A bolt of light from low in the south-west fires across the land, illuminating half the Wrekin to the north. This hill, hog’s back still hidden in cloud, sends a lightless flicker between the present and the most ancient of days. Some kind of realignment of time and place happens there in the mist – a shift that can be felt for miles around, as if it has something to do with the great communications mast nailed into the oldest rock in the world.