About the Insect Suppression Programme

The programme aimed at killing mosquitoes is causing environmental disaster!

About the Insect Suppression Programme Fogging vehicle on Hvar, 2022

Every year, the County Institutes of Public Health (ZZJZ) issue two documents that describe in detail the rules governing the national pest control programme: "Programme of mandatory preventive measures for disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control" and "Implementation plan for mandatory insect suppression and rodent control". For each region, these documents remain largely the same, with minor changes, from year to year. Local authorities pay for these documents and the supervision of the Institute. On Hvar, four sets of these documents are issued annually, although the information for each local administrative district is essentially the same, with minor variations.

In practice, the rules specified in those two documents are not fully respected.

Why suppress insects?

The goal of the programme is to eliminate mosquitoes, or at least control their numbers, to prevent the risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever and West Nile fever.

Are mosquito-borne diseases a significant problem in Croatia?

Despite the growing number of mosquitoes reported most years, the diseases that they can transmit have not caused major health problems in Croatia to date, unlike circulatory problems and cancers. Many of the reported mosquito-borne diseases are imported. The figures vary greatly from year to year. There is no evidence that an insect control programme affects disease incidence. In fact, the programme is known to be unsatisfactory. "The results of adulticidal procedures are temporary, so they are carried out when the mosquito population is at such a level that it is not acceptable to the population." (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, 3.1.4.2. p.7.)

It seems that in some cases action is taken just to appease people who complain about being bothered by mosquitoes!

Insecticides cause more problems than they solve.

Nowadays, insecticides are the main weapon for controlling insects under the Insect Suppression Programme. Extensive insecticide spraying against adult mosquitoes is carried out several times a year, either from fogging vehicles, or in some areas from the air. There are also larvicidal actions, for example using the insecticide Bacillus Thuringiensis israelensis and/or growth inhibitors (IGR) such as diflubenzuron (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, 2.2.1.1. p.5.). All the insecticides used harm bees and other pollinators and carry potential risks for human health and the environment. Some of the insecticides used so far have subsequently been banned as 'plant protection products' in the European Union, some of the products in current use are not approved, while some, such as cypermethrin-based products, should not be used outdoors during the flowering of wild or cultivated plants.

Warnings about fogging operations are inadequate

"The public should be informed in advance about the planned implementation, the type of biocidal preparation that will be used, the time and possible risks for certain categories of sensitive or sick residents, and beekeepers should also be informed about this in order to take timely protection measures for bees." (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, 3.1.4.2. p.7.)

Over the years, warnings of upcoming fogging operations using chemical pesticides have become fewer and fewer. Sometimes they appear only a day or a few hours before the action, for example around the City of Solin, with a warning published on the City's portal on 06/19/2023, action 02:00 06/20/2023; in Split, there was a warning on 25.07.2023. 21:08 in the regional newspaper Slobodna Damlacija, for the action at 02:00 the same night (July 26th, 2023) with no notice given on the City of Split portal. Sometimes there is no warning at all, for instance for the fogging operations in Jelsa and Stari Grad, which took place on July 18th and 19th 2023.

Details of the insecticides to be used are almost never included in the warnings, although under European law citizens have a right to know what chemicals they may be exposed to.

Dangers are inherent in any poison dispersal programme. The lack of adequate warnings creates unacceptable additional risks to people and the environment. The only realistic way to inform the public about the planned fogging actions is to notify all citizens by mail or e-mail, in the same way as local bills are sent.

Insect suppression using pesticides is ineffective and even dangerous

"The tiger mosquito was first recorded in the Split-Dalmatian County in 2005, and today it dominates as the most important public health mosquito species in addition to the common mosquito... So far, it has been shown that the preventive measures and larvicidal actions have not succeeded in preventing the development of adult mosquitoes to the extent that they do not represent a public [? sic - ?hazard]...The actions achieve a limited and temporary reduction in the number of mosquitoes because they do not directly suppress mosquitoes in the nests." (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, 3.1.4. p. 5)

"Adulticidal procedures are non-selective, so they can pose a danger to non-target species of nocturnal insects, and for their predators in the area of adulticidal procedures. Adulticidal practices can harm the health of vulnerable groups of people and the environment, including aquatic and terrestrial animals." (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, 3.1.4.2. p.7.)

"According to Article 14, paragraph 5 of the Ordinance on the method of implementation of mandatory disinfection, insect suppression and pest control, the application of biocidal preparations by hot or cold fogging from aircraft is prohibited over populated areas, national parks and other protected areas." (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, 3.1.4.2. p.8.)

Although insecticide spraying is known to be ineffective, it is still promoted as 'necessary to control mosquito populations'. According to the rules, aerial spraying should only be done in exceptional circumstances, but it seems to be happening more frequently in recent years. The collateral damage from the use of pesticides is huge, biodiversity is decreasing every year. The relentless use of pesticides is undoubtedly a factor in reducing the number of natural predators of mosquitoes. The practice is counter-productive.

Precautionary measures

"Adulticidal actions against tiger and common mosquitoes will be carried out in settlements, so there should be no overlap with areas where bees live. If there are such areas, in agreement with the beekeepers, the bee pasture area will be bypassed (at a distance of at least 300 m) or the bees will be protected in some other way. In the case of adulticidal treatment of mosquito infestations in yards and around houses, residents drying laundry outdoors will be warned not to when the action takes place. Spraying of fruit and vegetable gardens will be avoided if the half-life of the inseciicide is inappropriate or the crops are sensitive." (Implementation plan for mandatory insect suppression and rodent control in the Jelsa Municipality 2023, page 3, page 8) . In practice, there are no such warnings on Hvar, and fruit and vegetable gardens, vineyards and olive groves are sprayed without exception in the fogging operations.

Preventive measures: education

According to the Programme and Plan, education of the population is an important part of controlling the number of mosquitoes, for example: "Suppression of mosquitoes is carried out every year during the summer season of mosquito activity through educational, larvicidal and adulticidal (systematic with a vehicle) actions." (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, II. p. 2)

"The Health Institute and the company implementing the measures distribute leaflets and will continue to do so, also advising citizens on how to combat mosquito breeding. For this purpose, an answering machine is available, offering advice on mosquito control, on the number 0800 300 100." (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, 3.1.4.2. p.5.)

"Health education of the local population is carried out through leaflets, posters, informing the population through local stations, local newspapers and an active educational telephone / answering machine 0800 300 100, which is used to educate citizens and to collect information about mosquito infestations."

"The application of chemical mosquito control measures on public areas alone will not achieve a satisfactory effect. It is necessary to involve citizens in controlling mosquitoes. Preventive actions around the house (removing potential mosquito breeding areas) can significantly reduce the population of this species. A copy of the educational leaflet is attached to the programme, which the implementing company or the local authority can duplicate and distribute to the population during the implementation of insect suppression and pest control measures." (Implementation plan for mandatory insect suppression and rodent control in the Jelsa Municipality in 2023, 2.2, p. 4)

In practice, at least on Hvar, there has been no public education for years. The telephone number 0800 300 100 was no longer in use in 2023. The new number 021 401 103 which we were given emited only a fax signal.

Monitoring, preparations for insect suppression actions

"The adulticidal method, i.e. the suppression of flying insects, is the method of choice and depends on the expert judgment of the epidemiological service of the competent public health institute as a supplement to the larvicidal procedures, and is carried out using cold or hot fogging on the ground, for the treatment of smaller or larger target areas .”

"It is necessary to ensure the implementation of preliminary actions if and when a decision is made to implement adulticide procedures. It is necessary to determine the area to be covered with a plan of action, to determine the time of the aerosol application and to determine the required amount of insecticide (The procedural form for adulticidal insect suppression is attached to this document)."

"Based on monitoring mosquito activity over many years, the eventual number of adulticide procedures is planned if the number of mosquitoes has increased." (Programme of mandatory preventive disinfection, insect suppression and rodent control measures in the Jelsa Municipality, 2023, 3.1.4.2. p.7.)

"Chemical measures to suppress adult forms of mosquitoes are planned to be implemented in the period from July to September if mosquito activity has increased." (Implementation plan for mandatory insect suppression and rodent control in the Jelsa Municipality in 2023, 2.2.2, p. 6)

"If mosquito infestations are identified, the Teaching Institute for Public Health will enter the locations into their database and update it electronically. Data for updating the database are obtained through field surveys, reports from citizens and the contractors' records." (Implementation plan for mandatory insect suppression and rodent control in the Jelsa Municipality in 2023, 2.2, p. 4)

"The scope: in each action, the contractor will aim to cover roadside areas with treatment from vehicles (83 km according to the contractor's report), but only in residential areas where the number of mosquitoes has increased." (Implementation plan for mandatory insect suppression and rodent control in the Jelsa Municipality in 2023, 2.2.2.1. p.6.)

In principle, monitoring is the basis for action, but in practice it is not carried out in the Jelsa Municipality.

Supervision

Following the insect suppression actions, the Teaching Institute for Public Health for the Split-Dalmatian County issues a report every year. It does not include a description or analysis, as promised in their contract with the local authorities, but only an 'opinion': "Measures of mandatory preventive pest control, larvicidal mosquito actions, adulticidal mosquito suppression in the Jelsa Municipality .. were carried out in accordance with the essential provisions of the "Programme and Implementation Plan of mandatory preventive rodent control and insect suppression.."

So are some of the Institute's instructions irrelevant? Is it irrelevant that fogging actions are undertaken routinely without special planning based on monitoring, without warning and without proper supervision? There is apparently no real oversight of how the insect control programme is implemented in practice.

CONCLUSION

It is clear that the insect control programme is not doing any good. It cannot achieve the desired goals. The programme is unworkable, dangerous and counter-productive. The instructions and recommendations of the Institute for Public Health are not respected. Long-term observation in the field shows that the programme, along with the excessive use of pesticides in agriculture, is certainly a major factor in reducing the biodiversity of the Island of Hvar and elsewhere in Croatia. The time has come for a more rational approach. Health education of the local population must play a key role, not only in preventing the spread of mosquitoes through natural methods, but also in teaching people how to protect themselves from mosquito bites.

© Vivian Grisogono MA(Oxon), July 2023

 

You are here: Home poisons be aware About the Insect Suppression Programme

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Former Labour PM accused of ‘handing talking points’ to Tories and Reform after saying net zero strategy faltering

    Climate experts and politicians have criticised Tony Blair for claiming any strategy that relied on rapidly phasing out fossil fuels was “doomed to fail”.

    The former prime minister’s comments, published in a report from the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change (TBI), prompted an internal row within Labour, with some accusing him of playing into the hands of a narrative used by rightwing parties to delay climate action.

    Continue reading...

  • Advertising Standards Authority says neither Lavazza UK nor Dualit’s product can be recycled at home

    Descriptions of coffee pods as “compostable eco capsules” were misleading as they could not be composted at home, the Advertising Standards Authority has ruled.

    The ASA has banned adverts by Lavazza UK and Dualit, which both made claims about the eco credentials of their coffee products.

    Continue reading...

  • ‘Huge volumes of chicken muck’ entering rivers are harmful to fish and plants, campaigners argue at Cardiff high court

    Clean river campaigners have told a court that planning permission for a poultry megafarm in Shropshire is unlawful and should be overturned.

    In the high court in Cardiff on Wednesday, Dr Alison Caffyn argued that the council had failed to take into account all the environmental impacts of the industrial chicken units, which will house 230,000 birds at any one time, in particular the effects of spreading manure on land.

    Continue reading...

  • Corroboree frog belongs to 100m-year-old family of amphibians but is now found only in the puddles and peat bogs of Kosciuszko national park

    Scientists have sequenced the genome of the critically endangered southern corroboree frog – one of Australia’s most threatened amphibians – in hope that the information could be used to aid its recovery.

    The striking alpine frog, which has distinctive yellow and black markings, is so threatened by disease and the drying of its habitat due to climate change, that it is considered “functionally extinct”. The species survives in the temporary pools and peat bogs of Kosciuszko national park in New South Wales, with the help of zoo breeding and re-introduction programs.

    Continue reading...

  • The scheme, part of policy blitz for local elections, will encourage councils and police forces to work together

    Councils will be encouraged to work with police forces to seize and crush vehicles used by fly-tippers, in the latest phase of a government policy blitz before Thursday’s local elections.

    Under a scheme being led by the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), new legislation will impose jail sentences of up to five years for people who illicitly transport waste in England.

    Continue reading...

  • Temperatures south Asians dread each year arrive early as experts talk of ever shorter transition to summer-like heat

    The summer conditions south Asian countries dread each year have arrived alarmingly early, and it’s only April. Much of India and Pakistan is already sweltering in heatwave conditions, in what scientists say is fast becoming the “new normal”.

    Temperatures in the region typically climb through May, peaking in June before the monsoon brings relief. But this year, the heat has come early. “As far as Asia and the Indian subcontinent are concerned, there was a quick transition from a short window of spring conditions to summer-like heat,” said GP Sharma, the meteorology president of Skymet, India’s leading private forecaster.

    Continue reading...

  • The plastic particles are everywhere – here’s what to know about what to avoid, whether they ever leave the body and what to do about plastic pollution

    Microplastics are tiny particles of plastic.

    Continue reading...

  • Joshua Bonnetta spent 8,760 hours recording a pine – then honed it down into a four-hour album full of creatures, cracking branches and quite possibly the sound of leaves growing

    What does a landscape sound like when it’s not being listened to? This philosophical question was a catalyst for film-maker and artist Joshua Bonnetta, who has distilled a year of recordings from a single tree in upstate New York – that’s 8,760 hours – into a four-hour album, The Pines. As Robert Macfarlane writes in his accompanying essay, The Pines is a reminder of the natural world’s “sheer, miraculous busyness”, its “froth of signals and noise”. It is rich with poetic meaning, and resonant amid the climate emergency.

    “It started as a personal thing,” Bonnetta explains from his studio in Munich, where he relocated from the US in 2022. For over 20 years he has made sonic records of places as private mementos, but recent experiments with long-form field recording led him to push himself “to document this place in the deepest way I could”. On a residency in the Outer Hebrides between 2017 and 2019, Bonnetta made the sound installation Brackish, a month-long continuous radio broadcast from a weather-resistant hydrophone – an underwater mic – by a loch. “I started to leave the recorder for a day or two, then it just got longer,” he says. “Amazing things happen when you’re not there to interfere … This allows you a different, very privileged window into the space.”

    Continue reading...

  • Climate experts say warming atmosphere from climate change could fuel severe freezing rain and ice storms like the one that hit the upper midwest last month

    Winter has been slow to release its icy grip from the upper midwest this year, and in northern Michigan, its effects will be keenly felt for months, perhaps years.

    A devastating ice storm that hit late last month has left an estimated 3m acres of trees snapped in half or damaged from the weight of up to an inch-and-a-half of ice across the northern part of lower Michigan.

    Continue reading...

  • Charity shops won’t take them. Councils incinerate them. Retailers dump them on the global south. We’re running out of ideas on how to deal with our used clothes – and the rag mountain just keeps growing

    In February, a threadbare polycotton bedsheet landed on the desk of Simon Roberts, CEO of Sainsbury’s. A “protest by post”, it had been sent by the Sheffield-based designer, maker and eco activist Wendy Ward. “I purchased this from Sainsbury’s at least 10 years ago,” she wrote in the accompanying letter. “It has served me well. However, I have no sustainable options available for what I should do with it.” Beyond repair, it was too damaged to donate to a charity shop, she explained. She couldn’t compost it as it had been blended with polyester, and she couldn’t repurpose it as cleaning cloths, as, being polycotton, it wasn’t absorbent. And, she added, “I don’t want to put it into a textile recycling collection as the likelihood is that it will be shipped overseas or incinerated and not recycled.” Ward qualified her assertions with links to respected sources – as a sustainable fashion PhD student, she is well informed on such matters.

    “The only action I can personally take,” she continued, “is to put it into my general waste bin. I don’t want to do this, as in Sheffield all general waste is incinerated as ‘energy recovery’. This isn’t a sustainable option as such processes have been shown to be as damaging to local air pollution as burning coal.” So, she concluded, “as Sainsbury’s is responsible for designing and manufacturing this product, making decisions to use polycotton with no consideration for what could be done once it reaches the end of its life, I have decided to return it to you. I would really love to hear what you decide to do with it.”

    Continue reading...

Eco Health News feeds

Eco Nature News feeds