After several years of research, Eco Hvar has concluded that people who buy, use and/or recommend chemical pesticides have little or no idea about the dangers of the poisons they are dealing with. Eco Hvar's mission is to clarify the issues.
First, it's important to understand that in order to preserve Hvar Island's natural assets, organic agriculture should be the norm. But chemical pesticides are touted as 'essential' and 'harmless except to target organisms', which is not true. Confusion reigns, much of it created deliberately by the chemical pesticide industry. Vested interests in a vast market have fuelled a system of secrecy, incomplete information, misinformation and downright lies. Even when the general public is aware of the dangers and tries to take action, as was the case when over a million European citizens signed the European Citizens' Initiative calling for a ban on the herbicide glyphosate, their wishes are ignored.
Confusion, Myths, Lies - half a dozen key points
No.1. 'Plant protection' and biocidal products.. The former are supposed to protect plants from pests and diseases. Of course, treating living organisms with poisons carries the inevitable risk that the poisons will penetrate into the food chain - hence the need for Maximum Residual Levels of poisons permitted in foods . Biocidal products are alleged to protect humans from diseases, but their widespread use is polluting our soil, water and air (and therefore us) with ever-increasing amounts of toxic substances. The separation of chemical pesticides into two groups for authorization creates paradoxes and confusion. At European level, 'Plant Protection' products are regulated by the European Commission / EU, while biocidal products are under the aegis of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA); in Croatia the Ministry of Agriculture's Phytosanitary Institution (FIS) lists 'plant protection' products, while the Ministry of Health (MIZ) regulates biocidal products. For more information about approval processes and relevant laws, please see our article 'Pesticides, laws and permits'.
Chemical poisons are not protectors, because they inevitably cause uncontrollable, unpredictable collateral damage. To deter intruders, would you protect your home with a trip-wire explosive device?
No. 2. Chemical pesticides are deemed ' safe'. Poisons, by definition, can't be safe. They are dangerous to produce, handle and apply; their residues in the food chain can be harmful to consumers; they can cause terrible damage in the environment. Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council: "...biocidal products can pose risks to humans, animals and the environment due to their intrinsic properties and associated use patterns."
To say they are 'tested for safety' is misleading: the tests simply show how much of each poison can be tolerated before it causes harm or death. The tests (which are abominably cruel) are invariably carried out on animals in the early stages. The results form the basis of theoretical permitted residual levels (MRLs) allowed in foods - for individual pesticides. Many foodstuffs, especially fruits and vegetables, contain residues of multiple pesticides. Even organically produced foods have been known to be contaminated.
When I was tested for pesticides at the Kudzu Science Institute in January 2021, I was found to have in my system traces of the herbicide glyphosate, rather more of a fungicidal substance called azoxystrobine (14.1 pg/mg) and a considerable amount of the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin (2355.2 pg/mg). This despite the fact that I never use poisons either at home or in my garden or field.
What are the effects of these combinations? No-one can know. The one certainty is that they are not good for us.
No. 3. Official authorization processes guarantee pesticide safety. Hardly. Approvals, both in the EU and the USA, are granted almost exclusively on the basis of unpublished industry-funded studies. In Europe, the REACH programme (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals), which came into force on June 1st 2007, "places the burden of proof on companies". Evaluation of the proofs the companies produce is carried out by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and Member States. Independent research revealing harmful effects of pesticide products, even when published in peer-reviewed journals, is rarely, if ever, taken into account. Without the balance of independent research, isn't this akin to covertly appointing the accused, or a representative of the accused, as chief witness for the Prosecution in a criminal case? Testing is carried out mostly on hapless laboratory animals, sometimes in the field, and very occasionally on humans. There have been reports of fraud, especially in an accredited German laboratory; funding bias has been alleged, especially in cases where studies have been funded secretly by agrochemical companies, resulting in distorted conclusions.
Chemicals known to be specially hazardous are designated as 'candidates for substitution'. However, they may still be approved for use, until as substitute is put forward for the market. In theory, approval is not granted to substances which are "carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances categories 1A or 1B according to the CLP Regulation, endocrine disruptors, persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) substances, very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substances". But: "Derogations are foreseen, in particular when the active substance may be needed on the grounds of public health or of public interest when no alternatives are available. In this case, approval of an active substance is granted for a maximum of five years (also for active substances where the assessment report was submitted before 1 September 2013, as per the transitional provisions)." (ECHA, Approval of active substances)
Bizarrely, ECHA regulations allow biocides to be used even without final approval: "biocidal products containing active substances in the Review Programme can be made available on the market and used (subject to national laws) pending the final decision on the approval of the active substance (and up to 3 years after). Products containing new active substances that are still under assessment may also be allowed on the market where a provisional authorisation is granted." (ECHA: Understanding BPR [biocidal products regulations].
Occasionally, really harmful pesticides are banned, if there is enough pressure from independent scientific evidence, environmental groups and public opinion. But the bans are not immediate, and take time to be enforced across the whole of the EU, if indeed they are enforced at all. There are discrepancies between the EU, ECHA and Croatian lists of authorized and banned pesticides which only add to the confusion.
No. 4. Using pesticides according to the label guarantees their safety. As we know, safety cannot be guaranteed under any circumstances. Warnings on product labels are generally scanty. Glyphosate products in particular carry virtually no warnings, despite the extensive evidence of their serious possible ill-effects, not to mention the growing number of successful court cases against glyphosate manufacturers in the USA. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has admitted that "Companies need to improve information about hazardous chemicals to consumers". In the EU pictograms are used on hazardous products - but how many people understand what each one means?
In Croatia, public authorities all too often use highly dangerous substances for generalized 'preventive treatments' across whole swathes of the environment. Some active poisonous substances are allowed as biocides but not as insecticides. For instance, the active substance permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, is not approved in the European Union (EU) list of 'plant protection' products, but is allowed as a biocide by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). It was banned by the EU because of its very high toxicity to aquatic organisms. It is also highly toxic to bees and cats - as well as being harmful to humans. Tetramethrin, another synthetic pyrethroid, is not approved by the EU withdrawn 2002) or the ECHA, but is under review for approval by the ECHA as at August 2021. Besides being extremely toxic to bees, it is suspected of being a human carcinogen. Although tetramethrin is not approved by the ECHA, it continues to be used in practice, because of the extraordinary laxity in the approval process cited above.
Permethrin and Tetramethrin are combined as the active ingredients in Permex 22E, an insecticidal product which has been used for many years for fogging on Hvar, under the national Pest Suppression Programme (Dezinsekcija, dezinfekcija, deratizacija - DDD). Fogging is the practice of spraying pesticides into the environment from a moving vehicle. On Hvar, the pesticide is sprayed along all the roadsides, even where there are vineyards, olive groves and vegetable patches. So although Permethrin and Tetramethrin are banned as 'plant protectors', they still enter the food chain through this route.
Another example is the product Neopitroid Premium, whose active ingredients include Permethrin and another synthetic pyrethroid, Esbiothrin (d-Allethrin). Esbiothrin is not approved by the ECHA, who passed the opinion that 'Overall, no safe use could be identified'. Apart from being highly toxic to aquatic organisms and of course bees, esbiothrin is toxic to humans, and is considered to be harmful to the unborn child. The technical data sheet for Neopitroid Premium states (in Croatian) that the substance can be fatal for humans if swallowed or inhaled. Neopitroid Premium has been used for years in the Pest Suppression Programme, for instance around Sućuraj on Hvar in 2019, around Osijek in 2019, around the area of Sisak in July 2020, around the town of Sveta Nedjelja in September 2020, around Glina and Zagreb in July 2021. It has even been used for aerial spraying, for instance in the Vukovar-Srijem region in 2014.
No. 5. Chemical pesticide users read and obey the instructions on the packaging. Do they? They even don't always get the packaging, as in the case of a man who asked an agricultural supplier for advice about some pests in his fruit trees: he was given a paper packet and told the shop shouldn't really sell it to him, but he could sprinkle the unnamed white powder on his trees and that would fix the problem. Then there was the case of the agronomist showing students how to spray Fastac on olive trees, without any protective clothing, and smoking all the while! Totally in contravention of the warnings on the label, that is not the way to educate young future specialists in the 'safe use of pesticides'. The official warnings on Fastac define it as highly inflammable and extremely dangerous to human health. Fastac is now banned in Croatia. (Both examples are from Hvar Island.)
Pictogram warnings on the Fastac label.
As for herbicides, especially Cidokor / Roundup, I have lost count of the number of times farmers have boasted that they use more than the recommended amount to make it 'work better'. That reveals that not only do they have no notion of how very dangerous these herbicides are, but they don't understand how systemic herbicides work. They certainly haven't read the instructions!
In August 2020 I witnessed an operator dowsing the palm trees on the Splitska waterfront on Brač Island with a liquid, which was piped up to the crown in order to seep down over the whole tree. He told me the liquid was a 'medicine', but when pressed, named it as Mix 6. One version of Mix 6 is a lethal mixture of several toxic substances: Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Permethrin, Phenothrin, Resmethrin and Tefluthrion. Whether this was the actual product or a different combination, it is certain that the liquid was highly toxic - yet the operator had no protective clothing, not even gloves.
No. 6. Modern agriculture and world food security cannot survive without chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers. This is a myth promoted by the agrochemical companies and their supporters for the sake of their own benefit and profits, without any corroborative evidence. Sadly, countries blindly buy into the myth. For instance, the Croatian Ministry of Agriculture has a Department of Expert Support which recommends a whole variety of 'preventive' and 'curative' pesticides year-round for all the crops in every region in Croatia. By contrast, the United Nations World Food Programme, aiming at 'Zero Hunger', places the emphasis on sustainable agriculture and maintenance of biodiversity, in particular preventing soil degradation through natural methods of control. Rightly so. It's not much use feeding the world poisons is it?
Agricultural poisons are sold in staggering quantities all round the world. According to official records, in 2017 1,511,118.48 kg of pesticides were subsequentlysold in Croatia, with fungicides and bactericides accounting for 727,128.65 kg, herbicides, haulim destructors and moss killers 668,738.85 kg, and insecticides and acaricides 115,250.98 kg. Estimated expenditure on pesticides in Croatia is estimated at some 50 million euros. Illegally imported pesticides add to the total. Operation Silver Axe, Europol's annual action against counterfeit goods in the EU, reported seizing 360 tonnes of illegal pesticides in 2018, with 4.5 tonnes in Croatia (article in Croatian), one of 29 participating EU countries. The total confiscated in 2019 amounted to 550 tonnes.
In this highly confusing situation, sources of information can be conflicting. Consumers have the duty and the right to know what they are buying and spreading round the environment, especially as much of it ends up in the food chain. In this list of pesticide products which are, or have been marketed in Croatia are the known possible adverse effects associated with their active ingredients, according to official information and research published in peer-reviewed journals. For details of the information sources please refer to our article 'Pesticides and Their Adverse Effects'.
LIST OF COMMONLY USED PESTICIDES IN CROATIA - Pesticides banned by FIS and/or MIZ are marked in red. Where a product is approved as a 'plant protector' by the Phytosanitary Institute (FIS) but not as a biocide by the Ministry of Health (MIZ) and vice versa, a reed asterisk * denotes *banned by FIS, and a black asterisk * banned by MIZ. Our list is in alphabetical order by categories: Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Limacides,Raticides.
INSECTICIDES. - ECHA approval code PT18 (Insecticides, acaricides, products to control other arthropods)
ACTARA 25WG, ACTARA 240SC active ingredient THIAMETHOXAM. Neonicotinoid, EU: not approvedECHA: approved PT18/01/02.2015 - 31/01/2025..
Thiamethoxam possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic life, with acute and lasting effects; highly toxic to bees; toxic to earthworms; in humans, can be harmful through skin contact, inhalation, and especially ingestion; can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache; ingestion can cause seizures, coma, hypothermia, respiratory failure, hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias and death.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Actara 25WG, Actara 240SC not approved
* AFFIRM OPTI Active ingredient EMAMECTIN BENZOATE. Semi-synthetic derivative of avermectin, derived from soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis, EU: Approved 01/05/2014 - 30/04/2024. ECHA: Emamectin benzoate not approved
Emamectin Benzoate possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to bees, birds, aquatic life, aquatic environment, algae; in humans: can cause organ damage, serious eye irritation or damage; muscle tremors, muscle incoordination, vomiting, pulmonary oedema, unconsciousness; skin allergies; toxic through swallowing, inhalation and skin contact.
Croatia FIS: Affirm Opti approved 26/03/2018-30/04/2025. MIZ: not approved
Bti possible adverse effects: possibly interferes with reproduction in birds; can cause eye and skin irritation in humans and animals; may disturb essential wetland organisms; long-term use perhaps causes loss of biodiversity in the environment.
Croatia FIS: Baturad WP approved 03/12/2004.-31/12/2023. MIZ: not approved
CALINOGOR active ingredient: DIMETHOATE. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Dimethoate possible adverse effects. Very toxic to bees and aquatic organisms; possibly toxic to wildlife, including birds, and livestock: possible endocrine disruptor; in humans: can cause unconsciousness and death; possible human carcinogen (USEPA); inhalation, swallowing or excess skin contact can cause breathing difficulties, headache, dizziness, tiredness, slurred speech, blurred vision, a lack of coordination, sweating, slow or rapid heart beat, convulsions, incontinence; when swallowed, can also cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, faecal incontinence; long-term exposure may lead to impaired memory, depression, irritability, confusion and insomnia.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Calinogor not approved
CHROMOGOR active ingredient: DIMETHOATE (see above). Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Chromogor not approved
CIPEX 10E active ingredient: CYPERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethro
BIXAFEN substance group pyrazolium
Possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds, earthworms, aquatic invertebrates and algae; slightly toxic to honeybees; in humans, probable reproduction/developmental toxin
id. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2021. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030 (but no related authorized products as at 01/09/2021)
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: - very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Cipex 10E not approved
* CYMINA10 active ingredient: CYPERMETHRIN (see above) Croatia FIS: Cymina not approved. MIZ: approved February 2011.
CYMINA PLUS, * CYMINA ULTRA, active ingredients: TETRAMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU / ECHA tetramethrinnot approved, + CYPERMETHRIN, Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2021. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030 (but no related products authorized as at 01/09/2021)
Tetramethrin possible adverse effects: potential human carcinogen, also can cause dizziness, breathing difficulties, coughing, eye irritation, gastrointestinal upset, blisters and skin rashes; extremely toxic to bees and aquatic organisms, including fish and aquatic invertebrates.
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Croatia FIS: Cymina Plus, Cymina Ultra not approved. MIZ: Cymina Plus not approved. Cymina Ultra approved February 2011.
* CYTHRIN MAX 250ECactive ingredient: CYPERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2021. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030 (but no related products authorized as at 01/09/2021)
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: - very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Croatia FIS: Cythrin Max 250EC approved 23/06/2015-31/10/2021. MIZ: not approved
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Diflubenzuron possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to freshwater and marine invertebrates; moderately toxic to fish and earthworms; slightly toxic to birds; affected haemoglobin in animal studies; can cause breathing difficulties in humans; direct contact can be harmful to skin and eyes; metabolites are possible human carcinogens.
Croatia FIS: Dimilin SC48 approved 26/02/1999.-31/12/2023. MIZ: Dimilin SC48 approved January 2010; Dimilin GR2, TB2, SC15 approved August 2009.
DURSBAN E48 active ingredient CHLORPYRIFOS. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Chlorpyrifos possible adverse effects: highly toxic to honeybees, birds, fish, aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms, algae and aquatic plants; in humans can cause nausea, dizziness, confusion, and respiratory paralysis and death; causes neurodevelopmental defects in children; can harm mother and foetus during pregnancy; can cause acute muscle paralysis and weakness, also breathing difficulties, depression, and double vision in humans, dogs and cats; overexposure can cause weakness, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), proprioceptive dysfunctions (disturbed awareness of posture and movements), particularly of the hind legs, and paralysis in animals, including dogs and cats.
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Eco Trap not approved
FASTAC EC active ingredient ALPHA-CYPERMETHRIN (ALPHAMETHRIN). Synthetic pyrethroid, EU: Alpha-cypermethrin not approved. ECHA PT18: approved 01/06/2020. - 31/05/2030.
Alpha-Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, most aquatic organisms and honeybees; toxic to earthworms; possible human carcinogen; can cause irreversible eye damage; serious water pollutant.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Fastac 10EC,Fastac 10SC not approved
Diflubenzuron possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to freshwater and marine invertebrates; moderately toxic to fish and earthworms; slightly toxic to birds; affected haemoglobin in animal studies; can cause breathing difficulties in humans; direct contact can be harmful to skin and eyes; metabolites are possible human carcinogens.
Phosmet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life and environment; highly toxic to honeybees; in humans can be fatal if inhaled; if swallowed, causes stomach pain, diarrhoea, nausea, sickness; can cause organ damage, eye irritation; possibly causes fetal damage or disrupts fertility; can cause swelling, itchiness, raised skin temperature if absorbed through the skin; can be toxic to birds, earthworms, cats and dogs.
* LASER active ingredient SPINOSAD, combination of Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D, derived from naturally occurring soil fungi (naturalyte), EU: Approved 01/02/2007 - 30/04/2021. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/11/2012 - 31/10/2022.
Spinosad possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to bees; toxic to fish and earthworms; in humans can cause allergic reactions and eye irritation.
Croatia FIS: Laser approved 20/03/2002-31/12/2023. MIZ: Laser not approved
MICROFLYactive ingredientCYPERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2021. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030 (but no related products authorized as at 01/09/2021)
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Acetamiprid possible adverse effects: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment; highly toxic to honeybees if mixed with piperonyl butoxide or propiconazole; harmful for populations of pollinating insects; harmful to birds and earthworms; dangerous for the environment; in humans: harmful - toxic if swallowed; can be fatal if inhaled; skin irritant.
* MUHOMOR active ingredient AZAMETHIPHOS. Organophosphate, designed for use on target areas, not for spraying in the air; mainly used against flies in enclosed spaces, on horses, cattle, pigs and chickens. EU, Azamethiphos not approved. ECHA (PT18): not approved.
Azamethiphos possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds; acutely toxic to humans if swallowed or inhaled; can cause headache, weakness, nervousness, sweating, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Exposure to extremely high levels may result in muscular twitching, eye pain, slurred speech, colic, hyper-salivation, heart complaints, breathing difficulties, convulsions and unconsciousness; also causes eye and skin irritation on contact
Croatia FIS: Muhomor not approved. MIZ approved May 2014.
*NEO ALFA active ingredient CYPERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2021. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030 (but no related products authorized as at 01/09/2021.)
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Croatia FIS/ECHA: not approved / MIZ: approved 16/01/2018.
* NEOPITROID ALFA: active ingredient ALPHA-CYPERMETHRIN (ALPHAMETHRIN). Synthetic pyrethroid, EU: Alpha-cypermethrin not approved. ECHA PT18: approved 01/06/2020. - 31/05/2030.
Alpha-Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, most aquatic organisms and honeybees; toxic to earthworms; possible human carcinogen; can cause irreversible eye damage; serious water pollutant.
Croatia FIS: not approved MIZ: not listed as approved, 01/09/2021
Allethrin possible adverse effects:Very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to honey-bees and earthworms; moderately toxic to birds; harmful to humans if swallowed or inhaled.
Permethrin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to bees, sea organisms, fish; poisonous to cats, also other animals; in humans: classified as a potential carcinogen; linked to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; can cause neurological damage, also problems in the immune and endocrine systems.
Croatia FIS: Neopitroid Premium not approved. MIZ: Neopitroid Premium approved July 2011.
* NUFOS active ingredient CHLORPYRIFOS. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Chlorpyrifos possible adverse effects: highly toxic to honeybees, birds, fish, aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms, algae and aquatic plants; in humans can cause nausea, dizziness, confusion, and respiratory paralysis and death; causes neurodevelopmental defects in children; can harm mother and foetus during pregnancy; can cause acute muscle paralysis and weakness, also breathing difficulties, depression, and double vision in humans, dogs and cats; overexposure can cause weakness, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), proprioceptive dysfunctions (disturbed awareness of posture and movements), particularly of the hind legs, and paralysis in animals, including dogs and cats.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Nufos not approved
PERFEKTHION active ingredient DIMETHOATE. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Dimethoate possible adverse effects. Very toxic to bees and aquatic organisms; possibly toxic to wildlife, including birds, and livestock: possible endocrine disruptor; in humans: can cause unconsciousness and death; possible human carcinogen (USEPA); inhalation, swallowing or excess skin contact can cause breathing difficulties, headache, dizziness, tiredness, slurred speech, blurred vision, a lack of coordination, sweating, slow or rapid heart beat, convulsions, incontinence; when swallowed, can also cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, faecal incontinence; long-term exposure may lead to impaired memory, depression, irritability, confusion and insomnia.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Perfekthion not approved
* PERMEX 22E active ingredients PERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: not approved. ECHA: approved, PT18, 01/05/2016 - 30/04/2026. TETRAMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU / ECHA: not approved:
Permethrin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to bees, sea organisms, fish; poisonous to cats, also other animals; in humans: classified as a potential carcinogen; linked to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; can cause neurological damage, also problems in the immune and endocrine
Tetramethrin possible adverse effects: potential human carcinogen, also can cause dizziness, breathing difficulties, coughing, eye irritation, gastrointestinal upset, blisters and skin rashes; extremely toxic to bees and aquatic organisms, including fish and aquatic invertebrates.
Croatia FIS: Permex 22E not approved. MIZ: approved April 2012.
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS: Poleci approved 15/01/2014-14/01/2024; Poleci Plus approved 11/05/2016 -31/10/2022. MIZ: Poleci, Poleci Plus not approved
PROCLAIM active ingredient EMAMECTIN BENZOATE. Semisynthetic derivative of avermectin. EU: Approved 01/05/2014 - 30/04/2024. ECHA: not approved
Emamectin Benzoate possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to bees, birds, aquatic life, aquatic environment, algae; in humans: highly toxic through swallowing, inhalation and skin contact; can cause organ damage, serious eye irritation or damage; muscle tremors, muscle incoordination, vomiting, pulmonary oedema, unconsciousness; skin allergies.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Proclaim not approved
PYRINEX 48EC, PYRINEX 250 SC active ingredient CHLORPYRIFOS. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Chlorpyrifos possible adverse effects: highly toxic to honeybees, birds, fish, aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms, algae and aquatic plants; in humans can cause nausea, dizziness, confusion, and respiratory paralysis and death; causes neurodevelopmental defects in children; can harm mother and foetus during pregnancy; can cause acute muscle paralysis and weakness, also breathing difficulties, depression, and double vision in humans, dogs and cats; overexposure can cause weakness, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), proprioceptive dysfunctions (disturbed awareness of posture and movements), particularly of the hind legs, and paralysis in animals, including dogs and cats.
* PYXAL active ingredient PYRIPROXYFEN Insect growth regulator (IGR). Aromatic ether, member of pyridines (substance group unclassified). EU: approved 01/08/2020 - 31/07/2035. ECHA: Approved PT18 01/02/2015 - 31/01/2025.
Pyriproxyfen possible adverse effects: Toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms; in humans: harmful if absorbed through the skin, or swallowed; causes eye irritation; possibly affects male fertility; possible endocrine disruptor, may have an estrogenic effect; possible liver and blood toxicant
Croatia FIS/ MIZ: Pyxal not approved
* QUICK BAYT active ingredients IMIDACLOPRID. Neonicotinoid.EU: not approved. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/07/2013 - 30/06/2023, + TRICOSENE, chemical compound: muscalure, Z-9-tricosene, cis-tricos-9-ene, muscamone. EU: not approved ECHA: Approved PT19, repellants and attractants, 01/10/2014 - 30/09/2024.
Imidacloprid possible adverse effects: very toxic to bees, birds, also aquatic life and aquatic environments, with long-lasting effects; can affect reproduction and development in humans; possibly associated with autism spectrum disorder; moderately toxic to mammals, fish and earthworms; persists in soil.
Tricosene possible adverse effects: Irritant to skin and eyes on contact; inhalation can cause irritation to the respiratory tract; highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates
Croatia FIS: Quick Bayt not approved. MIZ: approved August 2009
* REVIVE II active ingredient EMAMECTIN BENZOATE. Semisynthetic derivative of avermectin. EU: Approved 01/05/2014 - 30/04/2024. ECHA: not approved
Emamectin Benzoate possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to bees, birds, aquatic life, aquatic environment, algae; in humans: highly toxic through swallowing, inhalation and skin contact; can cause organ damage, serious eye irritation or damage; muscle tremors, muscle incoordination, vomiting, pulmonary oedema, unconsciousness; skin allergies.
Croatia FIS: approved 19/03/2019.-30/04/2025. MIZ: not approved
ROGOR 40 active ingredient DIMETHOATE. Organophosphate, EU / ECHA: not approved
Dimethoate possible adverse effects. Very toxic to bees and aquatic organisms; possibly toxic to wildlife, including birds, and livestock: possible endocrine disruptor; in humans inhalation, swallowing or excess skin contact can cause breathing difficulties, headache, dizziness, tiredness, slurred speech, blurred vision, a lack of coordination, sweating, slow or rapid heart beat, convulsions, incontinence and in extreme cases unconsciousness and death; when swallowed, can also cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, faecal incontinence; long-term exposure may lead to impaired memory, depression, irritability, confusion and insomnia; possible human carcinogen (USEPA).
Croatia FIS / MIZ: not approved
* ROTOR SUPER active ingredient: DELTAMETHRIN. synthetic pyrethroid, EU: approved 01/1172003 - 31/10/2021. ECHA: approved PT18, 01/10/2013 - 30/09/2023.
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS: Rotor Super approved 10/08/2016 - 31/10/2021. MIZ: Rotor Super not approved
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS: Scatto approved 12/07/2016 - 31/10/2021.MIZ: Scatto not approved
SEVIN active ingredient CARBARYL. Carbamate, EU / ECHA: not approved
Carbaryl possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to mammals, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic crustaceans, bees, earthworms. Can be fatal in humans; possible carcinogen and endocrine disruptor; possibly damaging for reproduction and development; can cause cholinesterase inhibition, blurred vision, tears, headaches, memory loss, rhinorrhoea (discharge of thin nasal mucus), salivation; sweating, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea; tremors, cyanosis, convulsions and skin irritation.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Sevin not approved
* SUCCESS BAITactive ingredient SPINOSAD, combination of Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D, derived from naturally occurring soil fungi (naturalyte), EU: Approved 01/02/2007 - 30/04/2021. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/11/2012 - 31/10/2022.
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to bees; toxic to fish and earthworms; in humans can cause allergic reactions and eye irritation.
* VERTIMEC 018 EC, * VERTIMEC PRO active ingredient ABAMECTIN (See Emamectin) Combination of Avermectin B1a & B1b, growth regulator, insecticide, miticide, nematicide, derived from soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. EU: Approved 01/05/2009 - 30/04/2022. ECHA: Approved PT18 01/07/2013 - 30/06/2023
Abamectin possible adverse effects: extremely toxic to bees, birds; highly toxic to aquatic life: fish, invertebrates, plants, algae and sediment dwelling organisms; toxic to earthworms; highly toxic to humans through skin contact, inhalation or ingestion: can cause problems for reproduction, impairing male fertility; neurological damage including tremors and ataxia; respiratory failure; skin and eye irritation.
Croatia FIS: Vertimec 018 EC approved 12/06/2006.-30/06/2023; Vertimec Pro approved 18/05/2016.-30/04/2022. MIZ: not approved
HERBICIDES (Authorized as 'plant protection products' by the EU, ECHA has no code for herbicide approval as biocides)
ABOUT GLYPHOSATE-BASED HERBICIDES: There are at least some 750 glyphosate-based herbicides available in the world markets. Eleven of them, including the widely used Roundup (Cidokor in Croatian), were banned in the EU in 2016. Apart from these, Glyphosate is approved in the EU, 16/12/2017 - 15/12/2022.
Glyphosate, suspected possible adverse effects -in humans: carcinogenic; neurotoxic; genotoxic; contributes to antibiotic resistance; influences pregnancy, fertility, and birth defects; endocrine disruptor; damages DNA, gut bacteria, organs including liver, kidneys and spleen; contributes to Parkinson's Disease and autism. Possible environmental ill-effects: damage to water, fish, aquatic organisms, soil, soil organisms, bees, butterflies, gastropods, trees, plants.
BOOM EFEKT. active ingredient GLYPHOSATE. EU approved 16/12/2017 - 15/12/2022.
CIDOKOR (Roundup), CIDOKOR MAX, CIDOKOR PLUS active ingredient GLYPHOSATE. Croatia FIS: Cidokor Max approved 09/06/2015-01/03/2022, Cidokor plus approved 24/11/2015.-01/03/2022, Cidokor not approved
Croatia FIS: Roundup Bioactive approved 01/07/2016-01/03/2022. Roundup Rapid approved 24/11/2015 - 01/03/2022; [Agrobase Croatia: registration withdrawn from both products.]
OTHER HERBICIDES
PENDUS 330EC active ingredient PENDIMETHALIN. EUapproved 01/09/2017-30/11/2024.
Pendimethalin possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to freshwater fish, marine organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms; slightly toxic to birds;; possible carcinogen (USEPA); reproduction/developmental effects, suspected endocrine disruptor;thyroid and liver toxicant; can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting; skin sensitizer; skin and eye irritant; can irritate nose and throat; bioaccumulates.
STOMP AQUAactive ingredient PENDIMETHALIN. EU approved 01/09/2017-30/11/2024.
Pendimethalin possible adverse effects: see above
Croatia FIS:approved 20/10/2015-01/09/2023
FUNGICIDES (ECHA has no code for fungicide approval as biocides)
ACROBAT MZ WG active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate),EU / ECHA: not approved - + DIMETHOMORPH substance group morpholine EU: approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2021
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant.
Dimethomorph possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, crustaceans and plants, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; possibly affects honeybees through accumulation in pollen; slight risk for bumblebees and birds; moderately toxic to earthworms; can affect soil bacteria, impacting on soil nitrification and ammonification; in humans: irritant to respiratory tract, skin and eyes; possibly causes chromosome aberrations; possibly affects reproduction and development.
Fosetyl-Al possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage; skin irritant
Croatia FIS: Aliette Flash approved 27/11/2006 - 31/12/2023; Aliette WG not approved
ANTRACOLCOMBI WP76, active ingredients PROPINEB(substance type: carbamate), EU: not approved, & CYMOXANIL (substance group cyanoacetamide oxime) EU: approved 01/09/2009-31/08/2021.
Propineb possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can cause organ damage, allergic skin reactions; toxic on skin contact; suspected as possible carcinogen, respiratory tract irritant.
Cymoxanil possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; in humans: highly toxic if swallowed; reproductive toxicity, suspected of damaging fertility and the unborn child; skin irritant; eye irritant; prolonged exposure causes organ damage.
Croatia FIS: Antracol Combi WP76 not approved
ANTRACOL WG70, ANTRACOL WP70 active ingredient PROPINEB(substance type: carbamate), EU: not approved
Propineb possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can cause organ damage, allergic skin reactions; toxic on skin contact; suspected as possible carcinogen, respiratory tract irritant.
Croatia FIS: Antracol WG70, Antracol WP70 not approved
ASCRA XPRO active ingedients FLUOPYRAM, (substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024; PROTHIOCONOZOLE substance group triazolinthione EU: approved 01/08/2008-31/07/2022; BIXAFEN (substsance type pyrazolium) EU: approved 01/10/2013-31/05/2025
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child
Prothioconazole possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic crustaceans and sediment dwelling organisms; very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can affect reproduction and development; possible endocrine disruptor; can cause skin irritation; possible irritant if inhaled
Bixafen possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds, earthworms, aquatic invertebrates and algae; slightly toxic to honeybees; in humans, probable reproduction/developmental toxin
Croatia FIS: approved 01/12/2017-31/07/2022.
BELLIS active ingredients: BOSCALID (substance group carboxamide), EU: approved 01/08/2008 - 31/07/2022; PYRACLOSTROBIN substance group strobilurin, EU: approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2022
Boscalid possible adverse effects: moderately toxic to fish, birds and earthworms; may affect foraging capacity in honeybees; in humans: possible carcinogen; possible effects on reproduction and development.
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects:Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Copper Sulphate possible adverse effects:toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, algae, birds, earthworms. In humans: harmful if inhaled, can cause serious eye problems. Associated with increased risk of potentially malignant oral submucous fibrosis, which can lead to oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Calcium dihydroxide possible adverse effects: corrosive, toxic for aquatic life; in humans, causes serious eye damage and skin irritation; may cause respiratory irritation
Croatia FIS: Bordoška juha caffaro 20WP approved 08/07/2004.-31/12/2023; Bordoška juha 20WP manica approved 24/11/2006-31/12/2023.
CABRIO TEAM active ingredients DIMETHOMORPH (substance group morpholine) EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2021 + PYRACLOSTROBIN (Carbamate ester, substance group Strobilurin) EU: Approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2022.
Dimethomorph possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, crustaceans and plants, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; possibly affects honeybees through accumulation in pollen; slight risk for bumblebees and birds; moderately toxic to earthworms; can affect soil bacteria, impacting on soil nitrification and ammonification; in humans: irritant to respiratory tract, skin and eyes; possibly causes chromosome aberrations; possibly affects reproduction and development.
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain
Croatia FIS: Cabrio Team not approved
CABRIO® TOP active ingredients METIRAM (substance group carbamate) EU: Approved 01/07/20016 - 31/01/2021, + PYRACLOSTROBIN (carbamate ester, substance group strobilurin), EU: Approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2022.
Metiram possible adverse effects: Moderately toxic to fish; highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates; highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquqatic environment; moderately toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can cause skin and eye irritation; can cause anaemia; toxic if ingested or inhaled; can cause abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested; classified as a possible human carcinogen
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain
Croatia FIS: Cabrio Top approved 07/04/2011.-07/04/2023.
CADILLAC 80 WP active ingredient MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate), EU: not approved
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant.
CANTUS active ingredient BOSCALID, (substance group carboxamide), EU: approved 01/08/2008 - 31/07/2022
Boscalid possible adverse effects: moderately toxic to fish, birds and earthworms; may affect foraging capacity in honeybees; in humans: possible carcinogen; possible effects on reproduction and development.
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Croatia FIS: Champion Flow approved 17/06/1997-31/12/2023. Champion WG50 approved 21/01/2008-31/12/2023. Champion not approved as from 01/01/2020, final sell-by date 01/07/2020, use-by date 01/07/2021.
CHORUS 50WG active ingredient CYPRODINIL (substance group anilinopyramidine) EU: approved 01/05/2007-30/04/2022.
Cyprodinil possible adverse effects: highly toxic to the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects. Highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates; toxic to fish; moderately toxic to birds and earthworms; in humans: possible reproduction and development effects; can cause allergic reactions in skin; irritant to respiratory tract, eyes, skin; skin sensitizer.
CHROMOSUL 80 active ingredient SULPHUR, EU: Approved 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2021.
Product warnings: to be used no more than four times a year, and never when the vine is fully developed; should not be mixed with propamocarb, captan, heptenophos, oils, bupirimate and folpet.
Sulphur possible adverse effects: if inhaled can cause coughing, sneezing and respiratory impairment; skin contact can cause redness, itching and burning in sensitive individuals; eye contact can cause painful irritation, redness and tears; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
CUPRABLAU Z active ingredients COPPER COMPOUNDS, COPPER OXYCHLORIDE, EU: approved 01/01/2019-31/12/2025
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin. Copper oxychloride is genotoxic and cytotoxic to human lymphocytes; damages reproduction in earthworms.
Croatia FIS:Cuprablau-Z registration withdrawn on 01/01/2020, final deadline for sales of stocks 01/07/2020, final use-by date 01/07/2021
CUPRABLAU ZULTRA active ingredients COPPER COMPOUNDS, EU: approved 01/01/2019-31/12/2025CALCIUM CHLORIDE COMPLEX (substance group: inorganic compound), EU not approved, ZINC SULPHIDE (EU not listed)
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin. Copper oxychloride is genotoxic and cytotoxic to human lymphocytes; damages reproduction in earthworms.
Calcium chloridepossible adverse effects: toxic if swallowed; can cause serious respiratory problems; can cause severe eye irritation.
Zinc sulphide possible adverse effects: in humans, can be harmful if inhaled or swallowed; can cause skin or eye irritation; can cause headaches or nausea
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Croatia FIS: Cuprablau Z 35WG approved 17/04/2019-01/01/2022.
CUPROCAFFARO 50WP,COPPER-BASED fungicide (see above), CroatiaFIS: approved 17/04/2019.-01/01/2022.
DIFCOR active ingredient: DIFENOCONAZOLE, (substance group triazole), EU: Approved 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2021.
Difenoconazole possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; harmful to bees; can contaminate bee pollen; moderately toxic to birds and mammals; in humans, possible carcinogen; possible endocrine disruptor; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause serious eye irritation
FALCON EC 460 active ingredients TEBUCONAZOLE (substance group triazole), EU: approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2021. + SPIROXAMINE (substance group morpholine), EU: approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2021, + TRIADIMENOL (substance group triazole) EU not approved
Tebuconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
Spiroxamine possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; in humans, suspected of causing damage to the unborn child; may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Triadimenol possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; causes reproductive disruption in medaka fish and mammals; can harm Eremias argus lizards; causes neurobehavioural effects in rats; in humans: highly toxic if swallowed; may damage fertility; may harm the unborn child; may harm a child being breast-fed; causes eye irritation; causes mild skin irritation
Croatia FIS: Falcon EC 460 not approved.
FALCON FORTE, active ingredients: TEBUCONAZOLE, (substance group triazole), EU: Approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2021, SPIROXAMINE (substance group morpholine), EU: Approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2021, PROTHIOCONAZOLE (substance group triazolinthione)EU: Approved 01/08/2008-31/07/2021
Tebuconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
Spiroxamine possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; in humans, suspected of causing damage to the unborn child; may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Prothiconazole possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic crustaceans and sediment dwelling organisms; very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can affect reproduction and development; possible endocrine disruptor; can cause skin irritation; possible irritant if inhaled
Croatia FIS: Falcon Forte approved 20/03/2019-31/07/2022
FANDANGO active ingredient TRIFLOXYSTROBIN (substance group strobilurin) EU: approved 01/08/2018-31/07/2033
Trifloxystrobin possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to sediment-dwelling organisms and aquatic plants; moderately toxic to earthworms; low toxicity to honeybees; in humans: can cause problems with reproduction and development; can cause eye irritation and allergic skin reactions;
Croatia FIS: not approved
FOLIO GOLD active ingredients METALAXYL, (Metalaxyl-M, substance group phenylamide), EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023, + CHLOROTHALONIL (substance group chloronitrile), EU: Not approved
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Chlorothalonil possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms; in humans: can be fatal if swallowed or inhaled; possible carcinogen; can affect reproduction and development; possible endocrine disruptor; causes serious eye damage; can cause respiratory tract irritation; can cause allergic skin reaction
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms; causes developmental effects in animals; in humans: probable human carcinogen; possibly disrupts fertility; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms; causes developmental effects in animals; in humans: probable human carcinogen; possibly disrupts fertility; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health
FUBOL GOLD WG active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate), EU: not approved, + METALAXYL, (Metalaxyl-M, substance group phenylamide), EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant.
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed.
Croatia FIS: Fubol Gold not approved
LUNA CARE active ingredients FLUOPYRAM (substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: Approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024. and FOSETYL (organophosphate), EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2021
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child.
Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-al) possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage;skin irritant
Croatia FIS: Luna care approved 23/04/2020 - 30/04/2022.
LUNAEXPERIENCEactive ingredients FLUOPYRAM(substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: Approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024, with TEBUCONAZOLE (substance group triazole), EU: Approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2021.
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child
Tebuconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
Croatia FIS: Luna Experience approved 19/01/2015 - 31/08/2022.
LUNAPRIVILEGE, active ingredient FLUOPYRAM (substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: Approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child
Croatia FIS: Luna Privilege approved 09/02/2015 - 31/01/2025.
LUNASENSATION active ingredients FLUOPYRAM (substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: Approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024, TRIFLOXYSTROBIN (substance group strobilurin), EU: approved 01/08/2018-31/07/2033.
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child
Trifloxystrobin possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to sediment-dwelling organisms and aquatic plants; moderately toxic to earthworms; low toxicity to honeybees; in humans: can cause problems with reproduction and development; can cause eye irritation and allergic skin reactions
Croatia FIS: Luna Sensation approved 09/07/2019-31/01/2025.
MANCOZEB BLUE 72WG active ingredient MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate) EU / ECHA:not approved
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
Croatia FIS:approval withdrawn 04/07/2021
MELODY DUO 66,B; WP 66,75 active ingredients PROPINEB, (substance group carbamate), EU: propineb not approved and IPROVALICARB (substance group carbamate), EU: approved 01/04/2016 - 31/03/2031
Propinebpossible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can cause organ damage, allergic skin reactions; toxic on skin contact; suspected as possible carcinogen, respiratory tract irritant.
Iprovalicarb possible adverse effects: marine pollutant; very toxic to aquatic organisms; toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment; moderately toxic to earthworms; in humans: possible carcinogen; corrosive to skin; highly damaging to health if swallowed (Melody Duo WP66,8)
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; probable human carcinogen; causes developmental effects in animals; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions; moderately toxic to earthworms. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health.
Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-al) possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage; skin irritant
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; probable human carcinogen; causes developmental effects in animals; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions; moderately toxic to earthworms. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health.
Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-al) possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage;skin irritant
Iprovalicarb possible adverse effects: marine pollutant; very toxic to aquatic organisms; toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment; moderately toxic to earthworms; in humans: possible carcinogen; corrosive to skin; highly damaging to health if swallowed
Croatia FIS:Mikal Premium F approved 29/11/2007 - 31/12/2023.
MODRA GALICA active ingredient COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE EU: not listed
Copper Sulphate possible adverse effects:Copper sulphate products are highly toxic to fish, birds, bees and earthworms, toxic to mammals, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, algae, sediment dwelling organisms; highly toxic to the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; in humans: possible reproduction and developmental effects; irritant to the respiratory tract; corrosive to skin and eyes; ingestion can cause burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, and yellowing of the skin caused by disrupted urination; high doses and prolonged exposure can cause anaemia, also damage to the brain, liver, kidneys and stomach and intestinal linings; people with Wilson's disease (in which copper is absorbed and stored excessively in the body), are at special risk of poisoning from copper-based pesticides; associated with increased risk of potentially malignant oral submucous fibrosis, which can lead to oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Tebuconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
Trifloxystrobin possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to sediment-dwelling organisms and aquatic plants; moderately toxic to earthworms; low toxicity to honeybees; in humans: can cause problems with reproduction and development; can cause eye irritation and allergic skin reactions
Croatia FIS: Nativo 75 WG approved 06/03/2008 - 31/12/2023.
NEORAM WG - COPPER COMPUNDS, COPPER OXYCHLORIDE (substance group inorganic compound). EU: approved 01/01/2019 - 31/12/2025
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Croatia FIS: Neoram WG approved 24/01/2008 - 31/12/2023.
NORDOX 75WG active ingredients COPPER COMPOUNDS, COPPER OXIDE (substance group inorganic compound), EU: approved 01/01/2019 - 31/12/2025
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Croatia FIS: approved 24/01/2002 - 31/12/2023.
PERGADO D active ingredients MANDIPROPRAMID (substance group mandelamide) EU: approved 01/08/2013 - 31/07/2023 + DITHIANON (substance group quinone) EU: 01/06/2011 - 31/05/2024
Mandipropamid possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to birds and earthworms; can be harmful to the liver and kidneys; eye irritant.ECHA warning:Hazardous to the environment.
Dithianon possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic life, hazardous to the aquatic environment; moderately toxic to birds, earthworms; in humans: toxic; possible carcinogen; possible liver and kidney toxicant; if swallowed, may cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea; can cause serious eye irritation
Croatia FIS: Pergado D approved 28/01/2019 - 31/07/2024.
PERGADO F active ingredients FOLPET (synthetic phthalimide) EU: Approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2021,MANDIPROPRAMID (substance group mandelamide) EU: approved 01/08/2013 - 31/07/2023.
Product Warning: To be used no more than four times during vegetation at intervals of 8 -14 days.
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; probable human carcinogen; causes developmental effects in animals; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions; moderately toxic to earthworms. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health.
Mandipropamid possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to birds and earthworms; can be harmful to the liver and kidneys; eye irritant.ECHA warning:Hazardous to the environment.
Croatia FIS: Pergado F approved 26/11/2007 - 31/12/2023
PERGADO MZ active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate) EU: not approved + MANDIPROPRAMID (mandelamide) EU: approved 01/08/2013 - 31/07/2023.
Product warning: To be used no more than three times during vegetation
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
Mandipropamid possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to birds and earthworms; can be harmful to the liver and kidneys; eye irritant.ECHA warning:Hazardous to the environment.
PICTOR active ingredients BOSCALID, (substance group carboxamide), EU: approved 01/08/2008 - 31/07/2022; DIMOXYSTROBIN (substance group strobilurin). EU: approved o1/01/2006 - 31/01/2022
Boscalid possible adverse effects: toxic to the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to fish, birds and earthworms; may affect foraging capacity in honeybees; in humans: possible carcinogen; possible effects on reproduction and development.
Dimoxystrobinpossible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects, highly toxic to fish, earthworms, aquatic invertebrates; toxic to honeybees, birds, sediment dwelling organisms, algae; in humans: endocrine disruptor, suspected carcinogen, suspected of reproduction / development effects - suspected of damaging unborn child.
Croatia FIS: approved 29/12/2006-31/12/2023.
POLYRAM DF active ingredient METIRAM (substance group carbamate), EU: Approved 01/07/20016 - 31/01/2022
Metiram possible adverse effects: Moderately toxic to fish; highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates; highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquqatic environment; moderately toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can cause skin and eye irritation; can cause anaemia; toxic if ingested or inhaled; can cause abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested; classified as a possible human carcinogen.
PREVICUR 607SL active ingredient PROPAMOCARB HYDROCHLORIDE (substance group carbamate), EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2022
Propamocarb hydrochloride possible adverse effects: Potentially harmful to herbivorous and insectivorous birds; moderately toxic to fish and honeybees; in humans: harmful if swallowed; skin irritant; possible endocrine disruptor; possible neurotoxicant.
Croatia FIS: Previcur 607SL not approved
PREVICUR ENERGY ingredients FOSETYL-ALUMINIUM (Fosetyl-al, Organophosphate), EU: Fosetyl approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2022 + PROPAMOCARB (substance group carbamate), EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2022
Propamocarb possible adverse effects: Potentially harmful to herbivorous and insectivorous birds; moderately toxic to fish and honeybees; in humans: harmful if swallowed; skin irritant; possible endocrine disruptor; possible neurotoxicant.
Fosetyl-Al possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage; skin irritant.
PRIAXOR EC active ingredients PYRACLOSTROBIN, (carbamate ester, substance group strobilurin), EU: approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2022; FLUXAPYROXAD (substance group pyrazolium), EU: approved 01/01/2013- 31/05/2025
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects:Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain.
Fluxapyroxad possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds, earthworms, fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic custaceans, aquatic plants, algae; somewhat toxic to honeybees; in humans: suspected carcinogen, possible reproduction / development effects, possible eye irritant
Croatia FIS: approved 24/10/2017-31/01/2022.
PROPULSE active ingredients FLUOPYRAM (substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024; PROTHIOCONAZOLE (substance group triazolinthione), EU: approved 01/08/2008-31/07/2022
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child.
Prothioconazole possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic crustaceans and sediment dwelling organisms; very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can affect reproduction and development; possible endocrine disruptor; can cause skin irritation; possible irritant if inhaled.
Croatia FIS: approved 30/05/2016-31/07/2022.
PYRUS® 400SC active ingredient PYRIMETHANIL (substance group anilinopyrimidine) EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2022
Pyrimethanil possible adverse effects: toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; endocrine disruptor in tree frogs, causes liver and kidney damage in non-target species; toxic to earthworms; in humans, possible carcinogen; toxic through skin contact and inhalation
RETENGO active ingredient PYRACLOSTROBIN (carbamate ester, substance group strobilurin), EU: approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2022
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects:Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain.
Croatia FIS: approved 23/09/2015-31/01/2022.
RIDOMIL GOLD MZ PEPITEactive ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate) EU: not approved + METALAXYL (substance group phenylamide) EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023.
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
RIDOMIL GOLD MZ 68WP active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate) EU: not approved and METALAXYL M (substance group phenylamide) EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Croatia FIS:Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP not approved
RIDOMIL GOLD PLUS 42,5 WP active ingredients METALAXYL M (substance group phenylamide) EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023, with COPPER COMPOUNDS, COPPER OXYCHLORIDEEU: Approved 01/01/2019 - 31/12/2025
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin. People with Wilson's disease (in which copper is absorbed and stored excessively in the body), are at special risk of poisoning from copper-based pesticides.
Croatia FIS: Ridomil Gold Plus 42.5 WP registration withdrawn 01/01/2020.
RIDOMIL GOLD Ractive ingredients METALAXYL M (substance group phenylamide) EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023, with COPPER COMPOUNDS: COPPER OXYCHLORIDEEU: Approved 01/01/2019-31/12/2025
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin. People with Wilson's disease (in which copper is absorbed and stored excessively in the body), are at special risk of poisoning from copper-based pesticides.
Croatia FIS: Ridomil Gold R approved 11/04/2017 - 30/06/2023.
SCALA active ingredient PYRIMETHANIL(Substance group anilinopyrimidine). EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2022
Pyrimethanil possible adverse effects: toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; endocrine disruptor in tree frogs, causes liver and kidney damage in non-target species; toxic to earthworms; in humans, possible carcinogen; toxic through skin contact and inhalation
SIGNUM active ingredients PYRACLOSTROBIN (carbamate ester, substance group strobilurin), EU: Approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2021. + BOSCALID (substance group carboxamide), EU: Approved 01/08/2008 - 31/07/2022
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain.
Boscalid possible adverse effects: moderately toxic to fish, birds and earthworms; may affect foraging capacity in honeybees; in humans: possible carcinogen; possible effects on reproduction and development.
Croatia FIS: Signum approved 29/12/2006 - 31/12/2023.
SPIROX active ingredient SPIROXAMINE (substance group morpholine) EU: 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2023.
Spiroxamine possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; in humans, suspected of causing damage to the unborn child; may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions;
Kresoxim Methyl possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; Highly toxic to the aquatic environment with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to mammals; moderately toxic to earthworms; slightly toxic to honey bees (apis mellifera); in humans: probable carcinogen; irritant to respiratory tract, skin and eyes.
Croatia FIS: Stroby WG approved 25/07/2011 - 31/12/2025.
Sulphur, possible adverse effects: if inhaled can cause coughing, sneezing and respiratory impairment; skin contact can cause redness, itching and burning in sensitive individuals; eye contact can cause painful irritation, redness and tears; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Sulphur, possible adverse effects: if inhaled can cause coughing, sneezing and respiratory impairment; skin contact can cause redness, itching and burning in sensitive individuals; eye contact can cause painful irritation, redness and tears; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
TILT CB 187,5 FW active ingredients PROPICONAZOLE, (substance group triazole) EU:approval withdrawn December 2018, final deadline March 2020. and CARBENDAZIM (substance group benzimidamole) EU: not approved
Propiconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; in humans, highly irritant to eyes and skin; harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin; can cause skin allergies; possible liver toxicant; possible endocrine disruptor; classified as possible carcinogen by USEPA
Carbendazim possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic organisms and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; toxic to earthworms; moderately toxic to honeybees; in humans, may cause genetic defects; may damage fertility and the unborn child
Croatia FIS:Tilt CB 187.5FW not approved
TILT 250 EC active ingredient PROPICONAZOLE, (substance group triazole) EU:approval withdrawn December 2018, final deadline March 2020.
Propiconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; in humans, highly irritant to eyes and skin; harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin; can cause skin allergies; possible liver toxicant; possible endocrine disruptor; classified as possible carcinogen by USEPA
Croatia FIS: registration withdrawn 19/06/2019.
TOPAS100EC active ingredient PENCONAZOLE, substance group triazole. EU: Approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2021
Penconazole possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child; possible endocrine disruptor; harmful if swallowed
UNIVERSALIS, active ingredients AZOXYSTROBIN(substance group strobilurin) EU: approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2024 and FOLPET(synthetic phthalimide) EU: approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2022.
Azoxystrobin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic organisms and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to hoverfly larvae; toxic to fish, earthworms; in humans, suspected possible carcinogen; toxic if swallowed or inhaled; skin and eye irritant.
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; probable human carcinogen; causes developmental effects in animals; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions; moderately toxic to earthworms. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health.
Croatia FIS: approved 21/05/2007 - 31/12/2023.
VELUM PRIME active ingredient FLUOPYRAM (substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child.
Croatia FIS: 04/02/2016-31/01/2025.
ZATO PLUS active ingredients TRIFLOXYSTROBIN (substance group strobilurin) EU: approved 01/08/2018-31/07/2033 & CAPTAN (substance group phthalimide) EU: approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2022
Trifloxystrobin possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to sediment-dwelling organisms and aquatic plants; moderately toxic to earthworms; low toxicity to honeybees; in humans: can cause problems with reproduction and development; can cause eye irritation and allergic skin reactions.
Captan possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, hazardous to aquatic environment; mod birds, earthworms, aquartic invertebrates, algae; in humans, acutely toxic if inhaled; suspected carcinogen; suspected endocrine disruptor; skin and eye irritant; may cause contact dermatitis; possibly a skin sensitiser,
Croatia FIS approved 21/01/2008- 31/12/2023
LIMACIDE (MOLLUSCICIDE) ECHA APPROVAL CODE PT16, molluscicides, vermicides and products to control other invertebrates (slugs, snails and other arthropods)
* PUŽOMOR active ingredient METALDEHYDE(Chemical compound), EU: approved, 01/06/2011-31/05/2023. ECHA: not approved
Metaldehyde possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects; deadly to dogs and cats: Toxic to humans if swallowed or through skin contact or inhalation; can cause salivation, lethargy, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, convulsions, hyperthermia, comas, and death
Croatia FIS: Pužomor approved 12/01/2005 - 31/12/2023. MIZ:Pužomor not approved
BRODILON - active ingredient BROMADIOLONE. Rodenticide - anticoagulant - superwarfarin - 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant poison. EU: Not approved as from 31/05/2021. ECHA: approved, PT14, 01/07/2011 - 30/06/2024
Bromadiolone possible adverse effects: Acutely toxic, can be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or via skin contact; may damage fertility or the unborn child; can cause organ damage in humans; highly toxic to fish and aquatic life, also to earthworms.
Croatia FIS MIZ:Brodilon not approved
RATIMOR active ingredient BRODIFACOUM. Rodenticide - superwarfarin - 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant poison. EU: Not approved ECHA: approved, PT14, 01/02/2012 - 30/06/2024.
Brodifacoum possible adverse effects: highly toxic when ingested, causes haemorrhage, can be fatal to humans and animals alike; can be fatal through inhalation and skin contact; highly toxic to fish and birds; causes long-lasting damaging effects in aquatic environments.
Croatia FIS / MIZ: Ratimorproducts not approved
RATIMOR active ingredient BROMADIOLONE. Rodenticide - anticoagulant - superwarfarin - 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant poison. EU: Not approved as from 31/05/2021. ECHA: approved, PT14, 01/07/2011 - 30/06/2024
Bromadiolone possible adverse effects: Acutely toxic, can be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or via skin contact; may damage fertility or the unborn child; can cause organ damage in humans; highly toxic to fish and aquatic life, also to earthworms.
Croatia FIS / MIZ:Ratimor products not approved
Note: The information given above is correct to the best of our knowledge. If you see any inaccuracies, please let us know at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. To view the listing of the active ingredients of chemical pesticides in common use on Hvar and elsewhere in Croatia, together with the scientific sources of information about their possible adverse effects, please refer to our companion article 'Pesticides and their Adverse Effects'
Lots of dogs have a tough time on Hvar and in other parts of Croatia. Helping dogs in need can be tricky. These are basic guidelines to help show you what can and can't be done.
As July progresses, the grapes ripen on the vines, ready to reach their full luscious ripeness later on in August. However, foraging is not recommended.
Poisons, definitely not! Eco Hvar's campaign against the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides to kill off unwanted insects and other 'pests' began many years ago.
These delicate-looking, exquisite creatures play an important part in the natural chain. They are especially useful to humans because of their voracious appetite for mosquitoes and other biting insects such as midges.
Steve Jones of Dol recounts his observations during June and July 2019, a mixture of some disappointments balanced by unexpected joys, including a couple of bird rescues!
In an event of huge significance to the Catholic population of the island, relics of St. John Paul II were brought to the parishes of Vrisnik and Pitve in September 2021, thanks to parish priest Don Robert Bartoszek.
"My connection to Croatia is unbreakable. I feel it as a cord of turquoise and rosemary and cicadas and curry plants, from my heart to that island. I feel blessed every single day to have Croatia in my heart."
Church bells are part of daily life all over Croatia. Splitska on Brač Island is one of the few places where the bells are rung by hand and not electronically controlled.
The exhibition of Croatia's cultural heritage as recognized on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List reflects Hvar's wealth of prized assets and traditions.
Jelsa's Elementary School is outstanding in promoting worthwhile extra-curricular activities. Photography is one which gives pupils a special experience of the world around them.
The replanting project to rejuvenate Hvar's woodlands with autochthonous black pines continued at the end of January, backed by a mobile exhibition highlighting the importance of trees for the island.
Dr.Radoslav Bužančić's London lecture entitled ‘Diocletian’s Palace in Split: New Discoveries’ aroused great interest among experts in archaeology, architecture, history of art, museology and the protection of cultural monuments and heritage.
In response to a request from Hvar's registered charity Dignitea, the EC has sent a full explanation of the regulations which should be applied to the proposed oil and gas drilling in the Adriatic.
On 7th October each year the Catholic Church in Croatia celebrates the victory in the battle of Lepanto, coupled with the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary.
This is the story of a pony who has captivated the hearts of all around him in the quiet inland village of Svirče on Hvar. He is a walking symbol of unconditional love!
There's nothing Luki likes better than exploring the lesser known areas of Hvar Island. The eastern region is largely overlooked and (mercifully) underdeveloped, so it is perfect territory for Luki and his friends.
Lucky Luki revels joyfully in his explorations of Hvar's boundless beauties. The Galešnik fortress in the hill to the south above Jelsa is one of his regular haunts.
From Skittish Stari Grad Street Dog to Alpha Canine Queen of Dol, Sveta Ana. Evening Lategano of the Suncrokret Body and Soul Retreat in Dol tells the story of Maza's rescue.
Despite the local authorities' attempts to control mosquitoes with pesticides, many have complained that the mosquitoes on the island are more virulent than ever.
Query: It was a pleasant surprise to come across your article regarding olive oil making in Dalmatia. Me and my husband have taken it up as a serious hobby to be involved in the olive oil process in m...
I am staying at the Hotel Berulia in Brela and have been feeding a mother,father and five kittens about (10 weeks old). Do they get rid of the kittens in the winter when there are no guests?
We are currently visiting your lovely island and are staying in the Amfora Hotel. Since our arrival we have fallen in love with a beautiful stray young cat.
Hello I was staying in Hvar Town for 5 days last week in June 14 and we tried our best to care for the kittens, cats we have seen as they were so very skinny. What is keeping me awake at night back in...
As from February 1st 2022 new measures to contain the spread of Covid came into force, following publication in the official Croatian Gazette (Narodne Novine).
The registered charity Eco Hvar will be holding its 7th Annual General Meeting on
Saturday 27th June 2020 at 10:00 in the Cafe Splendid on Jelsa's main square.
The novel coronavirus named Covid-19 has ravaged the world. Being new, its spread has been swift and fierce, in the absence of a vaccine or known effective treatment measures.
An exhibition in two locations, Stari Grad and Jelsa, is showcasing Croatia's abundance of cultural assets, as recognized on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List, from Friday March 18th to May 30th 2016.
In memory of one of Hvar's best-loved sons, cultural society Matica Hrvatska is launching Nikša Petrić's book about Hvar's heritage in the Hvar Town Loggia on Tuesday September 8th 2015 at 20:00.
Swtizerland has been leading the way with determined efforts to protect its natural environment and establish ecologically safe farming practices. On 18th January 2018, the popular initiative Sauberes Wasser für All, which is allied to PAN Europe, issued a press release highlighting necessary further steps for protecting the country's water sources.
After several years of research, Eco Hvar has concluded that people who buy, use and/or recommend chemical pesticides have little or no idea about the dangers of the poisons they are dealing with. Eco Hvar's mission is to clarify the issues.
This is a guide to the systems governing chemical pesticide regulation, registers and laws, with an overview of some of the many problems arising from pesticide use.
For several years, the local councils of Jelsa, Stari Grad and Hvar have routinely sprayed the streets against mosquitoes, flies and other 'flying pests'. Is this a good thing?
Would I find myself driving home through a mist of toxic chemicals if I caught the 20:30 ferry back from Split? That was the question on 27th September 2017.
A bee sting can cause a severe allergic reaction in a vulnerable person. Under current Croatian law, insects which cause allergic reactions must be subjected to an annual programme of suppression.
The look of abject terror on the monkey's face is a haunting picture, the stuff of nightmares for anyone with an ounce of empathy for torture victims, whether human or animal. Animals are frontline victims of dangerous chemicals.
Because we at Eco Hvar are very concerned about the shortcomings of the mosquito liquidation programme on Hvar and around Croatia, we have petitioned the Minister for Health to re-consider the methods used.
From October 1st 2016, the sale of Roundup (Croatian Cidokor) and 11 other similar glyphosate-based herbicides was banned in the European Union. The ban should serve as a wake-up call to all users, supporters and promoters of pesticides.
Our request to Croatian local and national authorities to review the insect suppression programme has produced a lamentable response so far. It's hard getting the message across, but we will keep trying.
The manufacturers have claimed that the herbicide Roundup, whose active ingredient is glyphosate, is "safe enough to drink", and many people are naive enough to believe this.
When the World Health Organization defined Glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic to humans”, it should have put an immediate stop to the sale and use of Glyphosate-based herbicides.
Donations can be made in kunas or foreign currencies such as euros, pounds, dollars and Swiss francs. Please let us know when you have made a donation, especially if you require an official receipt, as the bank does not always identify donors. All donations, however small, are very welcome.
ECO HVAR BANK DETAILS
Privredna Banka Zagreb d.d.
Poslovnica 220 Pjaca, Pjaca 1
21465 Jelsa, Croatia
IBAN: HR37 2340 0091 1106 0678 6 (Account number)
SWIFT CODE: PBZGHR2X
Account name: ECO HVAR
Account address: Pitve 93, 21465 Jelsa, Croatia
If the payment slip has a box for 'further details' or 'further information' you should enter the Charity's OIB: 14009858487, and state 'donation' or 'donacija'.
Exclusive: Nearly half existing facilities will need to close prematurely to limit heating to 1.5C, scientists say
Nearly half of existing fossil fuel production sites need to be shut down early if global heating is to be limited to 1.5C, the internationally agreed goal for avoiding climate catastrophe, according to a new scientific study.
The assessment goes beyond the call by the International Energy Agency in 2021 to stop all new fossil fuel development to avoid the worst impacts of global heating, a statement seen as radical at the time.
Promises of jobs and investment are doing little to convince a remote Lincolnshire community to agree to hosting the country’s nuclear waste
On the unspoilt Lincolnshire coast, where dog walkers enjoy the five miles of golden sandy beach and families take holidays in the caravan parks beyond the dunes, the efforts of British politicians to persuade the public nuclear energy is green, safe and clean do not seem to be gaining traction.
A skull glowers down from the sand dunes on to Mablethorpe Beach, a portent of death and destruction, and a throwback to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament protests of the 1980s.
Reasons behind drop include people being more conscious of energy use during cost of living crisis, says CPRE
Light pollution has decreased as a result of fears over soaring energy costs, a survey by the countryside charity CPRE has suggested.
Stargazers have been enjoying the best view of the night sky since 2011, as light pollution sharply dropped during the pandemic lockdowns and the levels continue to fall despite restrictions having been lifted.
Three Shires Head, Peak District: Red kite, peregrine and buzzard, playing together in the sky above – it’s a joyous sight
This is an intriguing landscape, not just because it’s a rare point of union for three counties: Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire. As much as it’s a real place, it exists as a powerful meme on social media, and come the bank holiday, the double stream through arched bridges, with its modest white-water fall of about 3 metres, is thronged with people.
I’m not sure exactly why they come or what exists between the ears of some of those motivated to visit. Recently I was stopped by a carful of five arriving from Cambridge, who asked for directions. When I told them that they would have to park half a mile away and walk, they drove off, never to return. However, I then went on to have an experience at Three Shires Head that suggested there is something magical at play here.
Despite the magnitude of Australia’s environmental decline, we still have the opportunity and ability to turn things around
It’s 1996 and I’m in my last year of undergraduate studies at James Cook University, in Townsville. World coral expert Prof Terry Hughes cautions our class that on current trajectories, climate change and coral bleaching threaten destruction of the Great Barrier Reef. In another class, rainforest expert Prof Stephen Williams shares his concerns that increasing temperatures will force highly climate-sensitive animals – including the golden bowerbird and lemuroid ringtail possum – to move higher and higher up mountains in the ancient rainforests of the Wet Tropics, to cling to survival in cooler refuges. Of course, once trapped on a mountain top, there’s nowhere further for many wildlife species to retreat to.
As an optimistic 21-year-old, their warnings are unsettling, but I’m not panicked. I’m still hopeful science will help provide answers to the challenges at hand, and naively, I trust that our political leaders will act swiftly. In doing so we’ll avoid any genuinely dire outcomes for the wildlife and ecosystems so many Australians, and indeed people globally, hold so dear. After all, we are entwined with and completely dependent upon nature, so allowing its demise would be genuinely reckless, right?
More than 200 barriers were taken down last year, helping to restore fish migration routes and boost biodiversity and climate resilience
At least 239 barriers, including dams and weirs, were removed across 17 countries in Europe in 2021, in a record-breaking year for dam removals across the continent.
Spain led the way, with 108 structures taken out of the country’s rivers. “Our efforts to expand dam removals across Europe are gathering speed,” said Pao Fernández Garrido, project manager for the World Fish Migration Foundation, who helped produce Dam Removal Europe’s annual report.
Last November in Glasgow, countries agreed to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5C above pre-industrial averages. Six months on, the world has changed, with the war in Ukraine, high energy prices and the cost of living crisis threatening to derail us from achieving our climate goals. Ian Sample speaks to the Guardian’s environment correspondent, Fiona Harvey, about what promises are still on the table and what else needs to be done to address the climate emergency as we approach the next conference, Cop27.
Ministers instead urged to focus on reducing flights and halting airport expansion to cut carbon emissions
The UK government’s “jet zero” plan to eliminate carbon emissions from aviation relies on unproven or nonexistent technology and “sustainable” fuel, and is likely to result in ministers missing their legally binding emissions targets, according to a report.
The study from Element Energy, which has worked for the government and the climate change committee in the past, says instead of focusing on such unreliable future developments, ministers should work to reduce the overall number of flights and halt airport expansion over the next few years.
Analysis: Highs likely to reach mid-30s celsius in Spain and France, 10C above normal, and may break 40C
The exceptional heatwave conditions across parts of India and Pakistan over the past few weeks have been in the news – although the region has in fact endured extreme heat since March. Through the next few days, although nowhere near as extreme as in India and Pakistan, anomalous warmth will be affecting large portions of western Europe in the first significant heat of spring.
Throughout April, large parts of Europe experienced below-normal temperature trends, with winds often emanating from a north-easterly direction. However, over the past week or so, weather patterns have rearranged to encourage more of a south or south-westerly feed of air across Europe, and temperatures have been picking up as a result.
Friends of the Earth says there will be no market for Whitehaven coal as Europe’s steelmakers move to ‘green steel’
A new coalmine proposed for Cumbria is likely to be redundant before it even opens because the steelmakers that are its target market are moving so rapidly away from fossil fuels, analysis from green campaigners claims.
Steelmakers across Europe are moving to “green steel”, which uses renewable energy and modern techniques to avoid the need for coking coal of the type that the proposed mine in Whitehaven would produce.
Conservation International CEO M. Sanjayan testified in front of the U.S. House of Representatives to support a proposed bill that could help local communities around the world fight climate change by protecting the forests they depend on.
In case you missed it: Climate breakdown may increase viral spillovers between animals, two baby mountain gorillas were born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a new species of frog was discovered in Australia.
In case you missed it: Indigenous researchers explore what decolonizing conservation looks like, New Zealand’s government released a “National Adaptation Plan” that aims to prepare for future climate disasters, and transformational changes are necessary to adapt to climate change and biodiversity loss.
A new study, published today in Nature, assesses more than 10,000 reptiles around the world — from turtles, snakes and lizards to crocodiles — and warns that we must conserve them to prevent dramatic changes to Earth’s critical ecosystems.
In case you missed it: Scientists are trying to curb invasive species using gene editing, the famed “Lord God Bird” may not be extinct after all and Indigenous communities are slowing the destruction of the Amazon.
We spoke to Conservation International's climate lead Shyla Raghav about her passion for protecting the planet, how she stays optimistic about Earth’s future and her advice for the next generation of women scientists.