Confusion reigns, much of it created deliberately by the chemical pesticide industry. Vested interests in a vast market have fuelled a system of secrecy, incomplete information, misinformation and downright lies.
Confusion, Myths, Lies - half a dozen key points
No.1. Chemical pesticides are called 'plant protection products'. This is a misnomer, aka an oxymoron. Chemical poisons are not protectors, because they inevitably cause uncontrollable, unpredictable collateral damage. To deter intruders, would you protect your home with a trip-wire explosive device?
No. 2. Chemical pesticides are deemed ' safe'. Poisons, by definition, can't be safe. They are dangerous to produce, handle and apply; their residues in the food chain can be harmful to consumers; they can cause terrible damage in the environment. To say they are 'tested for safety' is misleading: the tests simply show how much of each poison can be tolerated before it causes harm or death. The tests (which are abominably cruel) are invariably carried out on animals. The results form the basis of theoretical permitted residual levels (MRLs) allowed in foods - for individual pesticides. Many foodstuffs, especially fruits and vegetables, contain residues of multiple pesticides. What are the effects of these combinations? No-one can know. The one certainty is that they are not good for us.
No. 3. Official authorization processes guarantee pesticide safety. Hardly. Approvals, both in the EU and the USA, are granted almost exclusively on the basis of unpublished industry-funded studies. In Europe, the REACH programme (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals), which came into force on June 1st 2007, "places the burden of proof on companies". Evaluation of the proofs the companies produce is carried out by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and Member States. Without the balance of independent research, isn't this akin to covertly appointing the accused, or a representative of the accused, as chief witness for the Prosecution in a criminal case? Testing is carried out mostly on hapless laboratory animals, sometimes in the field, and very occasionally on humans. There have been reports of fraud, especially in an accredited German laboratory; funding bias has been alleged, especially in cases where studies have been funded secretly by agrochemical companies, resulting in distorted conclusions.
Even chemicals known to be specially hazardous may be approved, with the proviso that they are designated as 'candidates for substitution'. Independent research revealing harmful effects of pesticide products, even when published in peer-reviewed journals, is rarely, if ever, taken into account. Occasionally, really harmful pesticides are banned, if there is enough pressure from independent scientific evidence, environmental groups and public opinion. But the bans are not immediate, and take time to be enforced across the whole of the EU, if indeed they are enforced at all. There are discrepancies between the EU, ECHA and Croatian lists of authorized and banned pesticides which only add to the confusion.
No. 4. Using pesticides according to the label guarantees their safety. As already stated, safety cannot be guaranteed under any circumstances. Warnings on product labels are generally scanty. Glyphosate products in particular carry virtually no warnings, despite the extensive evidence of their serious possible ill-effects. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has admitted that "Companies need to improve information about hazardous chemicals to consumers". In the EU pictograms are used on hazardous products - but how many people understand what each one means?
No. 5. Chemical pesticide users read and obey the instructions on the packaging. Do they? They even don't always get the packaging, as in the case of a man who asked an agricultural supplier for advice about some pests in his fruit trees: he was given a paper packet and told the shop shouldn't really sell it to him, but he could sprinkle the unnamed white powder on his trees and that would fix the problem. Then there was the case of the agronomist showing students how to spray Fastac on olive trees, without any protective clothing, and smoking all the while! Totally in contravention of the warnings on the label, that is not the way to educate young future specialists in the 'safe use of pesticides'. The official warnings on Fastac define it as highly inflammable and extremely dangerous to human health.
As for herbicides, especially Cidokor / Roundup, I have lost count of the number of times farmers have boasted that they use more than the recommended amount to make it 'work better'. That reveals that not only do they have no notion of how very dangerous these herbicides are, but they don't understand how systemic herbicides work. They certainly haven't read the instructions!
No. 6. Modern agriculture and world food security cannot survive without chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers. This is a myth promoted by the agrochemical companies and their supporters for the sake of their own benefit and profits, without any corroborative evidence. The United Nations World Food Programme, aiming at 'Zero Hunger', places the emphasis on sustainable agriculture and maintenance of biodiversity, in particular preventing soil degradation through natural methods of control. Rightly so. There's not much use feeding the world poisons is there?
Agricultural poisons are sold in staggering quantities all round the world. According to official records, in 2017 1,511,118.48 kg of pesticides were sold in Croatia, with fungicides and bactericides accounting for 727,128.65 kg, herbicides, haulim destructors and moss killers 668,738.85 kg, and insecticides and acaricides 115,250.98 kg. Estimated expenditure on pesticides in Croatia is estimated at some 50 million euros. Illegally imported pesticides add to the total. Operation Silver Axe, Europol's annual action against counterfeit goods in the EU, reported seizing 360 tonnes of illegal pesticides in 2018, with 4.5 tonnes in Croatia (article in Croatian), one of 29 participating EU countries. The total confiscated in 2019 amounted to 550 tonnes.
In this highly confusing situation, sources of information can be conflicting. Consumers have the duty and the right to know what they are buying and spreading round the environment, especially as much of it ends up in the food chain. In this list of pesticide products which are, or have been marketed in Croatia are the known possible adverse effects associated with their active ingredients, according to official information and research published in peer-reviewed journals. For details of the information sources please refer to our article 'Pesticides and Their Adverse Effects'.
INSECTICIDES. - ECHA approval code PT18 (Insecticides, acaricides, products to control other arthropods)
ACTARA 25WG, ACTARA 240SC active ingredient THIAMETHOXAM. Neonicotinoid, EU: not approved ECHA: approved PT18 01.02.2015 - 31.01.2025..
Thiamethoxam possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic life, with acute and lasting effects; highly toxic to bees; toxic to earthworms; in humans, can be harmful through skin contact, inhalation, and especially ingestion; can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache; ingestion can cause seizures, coma, hypothermia, respiratory failure, hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias and death.
Croatia FIS: Actara 25WG approved 28/03/2011-30/04/2020; Actara 240SC not approved
AFFIRM OPTI Active ingredient EMAMECTIN BENZOATE. Semi-synthetic derivative of avermectin, derived from soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis, EU: Approved 01/05/2014 - 30/04/2024. ECHA: Emamectin benzoate not approved
Emamectin Benzoate possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to bees, birds, aquatic life, aquatic environment, algae; in humans: can cause organ damage, serious eye irritation or damage; muscle tremors, muscle incoordination, vomiting, pulmonary oedema, unconsciousness; skin allergies; toxic through swallowing, inhalation and skin contact.
Croatia FIS: Affirm Opti approved 26/03/2018.-30/04/2025.
BATURAD WP active ingredient: BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS (Bti) Soil bacterium. EU: Approved 01/05/2009 - 30/04/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18 01/10/2013 - 30/09/2023.
Bti possible adverse effects: possibly interferes with reproduction in birds; can cause eye and skin irritation in humans and animals; may disturb essential wetland organisms; long-term use perhaps causes loss of biodiversity in the environment.
Croatia FIS: Baturad WP approved 03/12/2004.-31/12/2023.
CALINOGOR active ingredient: DIMETHOATE. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Dimethoate possible adverse effects. Very toxic to bees and aquatic organisms; possibly toxic to wildlife, including birds, and livestock: possible endocrine disruptor; in humans: can cause unconsciousness and death; possible human carcinogen (USEPA); inhalation, swallowing or excess skin contact can cause breathing difficulties, headache, dizziness, tiredness, slurred speech, blurred vision, a lack of coordination, sweating, slow or rapid heart beat, convulsions, incontinence; when swallowed, can also cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, faecal incontinence; long-term exposure may lead to impaired memory, depression, irritability, confusion and insomnia.
Croatia FIS: Calinogor not approved
CHROMOGOR active ingredient: DIMETHOATE (see above). Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Croatia FIS: Chromogor not approved
CIPEX 10E active ingredient: CYPERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: - very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Croatia FIS: Cipex 10E not approved
CYMINA active ingredient: CYPERMETHRIN (see above) Croatia FIS: Cymina not approved
CYMINA PLUS, CYMINA ULTRA, active ingredients: TETRAMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU / ECHA tetramethrin not approved, + CYPERMETHRIN, Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030
Tetramethrin possible adverse effects: potential human carcinogen, also can cause dizziness, breathing difficulties, coughing, eye irritation, gastrointestinal upset, blisters and skin rashes; extremely toxic to bees and aquatic organisms, including fish and aquatic invertebrates.
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Croatia FIS: Cymina Plus, Cymina Ultra not approved
CYTHRIN MAX 250EC active ingredient: CYPERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: - very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Croatia FIS: Cythrin Max 250EC approved 23/06/2015.-31/10/2020.
DECIS 2,5 EC, DECIS 100 EC , DECIS TRAP -MEDITERANSKA VOĆNA MUHA, DECIS 6,25 EC active ingredient DELTAMETHRIN. synthetic pyrethroid, EU: approved 01/1172003 - 31/10/2020. ECHA: approved PT18, 01/10/2013 - 30/09/2023.
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS: Decis 2,5 EC approved 02/03/2000.-31/12/2023.; Decis 100 EC approved 18/03/2016.-31/10/2020.; Decis trap - mediteranska voćna muha approved 23/09/2015.-31/10/2020.; Decis 6,25 EC not approved
DIMILIN SC48 active ingredient DIFLUBENZURON. Benzamide insecticide, Insect Growth Regulator (Disruptor) (IGR). EU: Approved 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/02/2015 - 31/12/2025.
Diflubenzuron possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to freshwater and marine invertebrates; moderately toxic to fish and earthworms; slightly toxic to birds; affected haemoglobin in animal studies; can cause breathing difficulties in humans; direct contact can be harmful to skin and eyes; metabolites are possible human carcinogens.
Croatia FIS: Dimilin SC48 approved 26/02/1999.-31/12/2023.
DURSBAN active ingredient CHLORPYRIFOS. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Chlorpyrifos possible adverse effects: highly toxic to honeybees, birds, fish, aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms, algae and aquatic plants; in humans can cause nausea, dizziness, confusion, and respiratory paralysis and death; causes neurodevelopmental defects in children; can harm mother and foetus during pregnancy; can cause acute muscle paralysis and weakness, also breathing difficulties, depression, and double vision in humans, dogs and cats; overexposure can cause weakness, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), proprioceptive dysfunctions (disturbed awareness of posture and movements), particularly of the hind legs, and paralysis in animals, including dogs and cats.
Croatia FIS: Dursban not approved
ECO TRAP active ingredient: DELTAMETHRIN. synthetic pyrethroid, EU: approved 01/1172003, - 31/10/2020. ECHA: approved PT18, 01/10/2013 - 30/09/2023.
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS: Eco Trap not approved
FASTAC EC active ingredient ALPHA-CYPERMETHRIN (ALPHAMETHRIN). Synthetic pyrethroid, EU: Re-approved 01/11/2019-31/10/2026. ECHA PT18: 01/07/2016. - 30/06/2026.
Alpha-Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, most aquatic organisms and honeybees; toxic to earthworms; possible human carcinogen; can cause irreversible eye damage; serious water pollutant.
Croatia FIS: Fastac 10EC approved 16/02/2017.-01/11/2020; Fastac 10SC not approved
FLUBEX active ingredient DIFLUBENZURON. Benzamide insecticide, Insect Growth Regulator (Disruptor) (IGR). EU: Approved 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/02/2015 - 31/12/2025.
Diflubenzuron possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to freshwater and marine invertebrates; moderately toxic to fish and earthworms; slightly toxic to birds; affected haemoglobin in animal studies; can cause breathing difficulties in humans; direct contact can be harmful to skin and eyes; metabolites are possible human carcinogens.
Croatia FIS: Flubex not approved
IMIDAN 50WG active ingredient PHOSMET. Organophosphate. EU: Approved 01/10/2017 - 31/07/2020, ECHA: not approved
Phosmet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life and environment; highly toxic to honeybees; in humans can be fatal if inhaled; if swallowed, causes stomach pain, diarrhoea, nausea, sickness; can cause organ damage, eye irritation; possibly causes fetal damage or disrupts fertility; can cause swelling, itchiness, raised skin temperature if absorbed through the skin; can be toxic to birds, earthworms, cats and dogs.
Croatia FIS: Imidan 50WG approved 29/09/2015.-31/07/2020.
LASER active ingredient SPINOSAD, combination of Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D, derived from naturally occurring soil fungi (naturalyte), EU: Approved 01/02/2007 - 30/04/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/11/2012. - 31/10/2022.
Spinosad possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to bees; toxic to fish and earthworms; in humans can cause allergic reactions and eye irritation.
Croatia FIS: Laser approved 20/03/2002-31/12/2023
MICROFLY active ingredient CYPERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: Approved 01/03/2006 - 31/10/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/06/2020 - 31/05/2030
Cypermethrin possible adverse effects: very toxic to cats, bees, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and (rarely) death.
Croatia FIS: not approved
MOSPILAN 20SG, MOSPILAN 20SP active ingredient ACETAMIPRID. Neonicotinoid, EU: approved 01/03/2018.- 28/02/2033. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/02/2020 - 31/01/2027.
Acetamiprid possible adverse effects: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment; highly toxic to honeybees if mixed with piperonyl butoxide or propiconazole; harmful for populations of pollinating insects; harmful to birds and earthworms; dangerous for the environment; in humans: harmful - toxic if swallowed; can be fatal if inhaled; skin irritant.
Croatia FIS: Mospilan 20SG approved 07/10/2015-30/04/2023, Mospilan 20SP approved 30/10/2015-30/04/2023.
MUHOMOR active ingredient AZAMETHIPHOS. Organophosphate, designed for use on target areas, not for spraying in the air; mainly used against flies in enclosed spaces, on horses, cattle, pigs and chickens. EU, not approved. ECHA (PT18): not approved.
Azamethiphos possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds; acutely toxic to humans if swallowed or inhaled; can cause headache, weakness, nervousness, sweating, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Exposure to extremely high levels may result in muscular twitching, eye pain, slurred speech, colic, hyper-salivation, heart complaints, breathing difficulties, convulsions and unconsciousness; also causes eye and skin irritation on contact
Croatia FIS: Muhomor not approved
NEOPITROID PREMIUM active ingredients ALLETHRIN (d-Allethrin). Synthetic pyrethroid, EU / ECHA: not approved, + PERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: not approved. ECHA: approved, PT18, 01/05/2016 - 30/04/2026
Allethrin possible adverse effects: Very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to honey-bees and earthworms; moderately toxic to birds; harmful to humans if swallowed or inhaled.
Permethrin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to bees, sea organisms, fish; poisonous to cats, also other animals; in humans: classified as a potential carcinogen; linked to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; can cause neurological damage, also problems in the immune and endocrine systems.
Croatia FIS: Neopitroid Premium not approved
NUFOS active ingredient CHLORPYRIFOS. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Chlorpyrifos possible adverse effects: highly toxic to honeybees, birds, fish, aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms, algae and aquatic plants; in humans can cause nausea, dizziness, confusion, and respiratory paralysis and death; causes neurodevelopmental defects in children; can harm mother and foetus during pregnancy; can cause acute muscle paralysis and weakness, also breathing difficulties, depression, and double vision in humans, dogs and cats; overexposure can cause weakness, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), proprioceptive dysfunctions (disturbed awareness of posture and movements), particularly of the hind legs, and paralysis in animals, including dogs and cats.
Croatia FIS: Nufos not approved
PERFEKTHION active ingredient DIMETHOATE. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Dimethoate possible adverse effects. Very toxic to bees and aquatic organisms; possibly toxic to wildlife, including birds, and livestock: possible endocrine disruptor; in humans: can cause unconsciousness and death; possible human carcinogen (USEPA); inhalation, swallowing or excess skin contact can cause breathing difficulties, headache, dizziness, tiredness, slurred speech, blurred vision, a lack of coordination, sweating, slow or rapid heart beat, convulsions, incontinence; when swallowed, can also cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, faecal incontinence; long-term exposure may lead to impaired memory, depression, irritability, confusion and insomnia.
Croatia FIS: Perfekthion not approved
PERMEX 22E active ingredients PERMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU: not approved. ECHA: approved, PT18, 01/05/2016 - 30/04/2026. TETRAMETHRIN. Synthetic pyrethroid. EU / ECHA: not approved:
Permethrin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to bees, sea organisms, fish; poisonous to cats, also other animals; in humans: classified as a potential carcinogen; linked to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; can cause neurological damage, also problems in the immune and endocrine
Tetramethrin possible adverse effects: potential human carcinogen, also can cause dizziness, breathing difficulties, coughing, eye irritation, gastrointestinal upset, blisters and skin rashes; extremely toxic to bees and aquatic organisms, including fish and aquatic invertebrates.
Croatia FIS: Permex 22E not approved
POLECI, POLECI PLUS active ingredient: DELTAMETHRIN. synthetic pyrethroid, EU: approved 01/1172003, - 31.10.2020. ECHA: approved PT18, 01/10/2013 - 30/09/2023.
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS: Poleci approved 15/01/2014-14/01/2024; Poleci Plus approved 11/05/2016.-31/10/2020.
PROCLAIM active ingredient EMAMECTIN BENZOATE. Semisynthetic derivative of avermectin. EU: Approved 01/05/2014 - 30/04/2024. ECHA: not approved
Emamectin Benzoate possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to bees, birds, aquatic life, aquatic environment, algae; in humans: highly toxic through swallowing, inhalation and skin contact; can cause organ damage, serious eye irritation or damage; muscle tremors, muscle incoordination, vomiting, pulmonary oedema, unconsciousness; skin allergies.
Croatia FIS: Proclaim not approved
PYRINEX 48EC, PYRINEX 250 SC active ingredient CHLORPYRIFOS. Organophosphate. EU / ECHA: not approved.
Chlorpyrifos possible adverse effects: highly toxic to honeybees, birds, fish, aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms, algae and aquatic plants; in humans can cause nausea, dizziness, confusion, and respiratory paralysis and death; causes neurodevelopmental defects in children; can harm mother and foetus during pregnancy; can cause acute muscle paralysis and weakness, also breathing difficulties, depression, and double vision in humans, dogs and cats; overexposure can cause weakness, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), proprioceptive dysfunctions (disturbed awareness of posture and movements), particularly of the hind legs, and paralysis in animals, including dogs and cats.
Croatia FIS: Pyrinex 48EC, Pyrinex 250 SC not approved
PYXAL active ingredient PYRIPROXYFEN Insect growth regulator (IGR). Aromatic ether, member of pyridines (substance group unclassified). EU: approved 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2020. ECHA: Approved PT18 01/02/2015 - 31/01/2025.
Pyriproxyfen possible adverse effects: Toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms; in humans: harmful if absorbed through the skin, or swallowed; causes eye irritation; possibly affects male fertility; possible endocrine disruptor, may have an estrogenic effect; possible liver and blood toxicant
Croatia FIS: Pyxal approved 23/09/2015.-31/12/2021.
QUICK BAYT active ingredients IMIDACLOPRID. Neonicotinoid.EU: Approved to 31/07/2022, restricted for certain flowering crops. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/07/2013 - 30/06/2023, + TRICOSENE, chemical compound: muscalure, Z-9-tricosene, cis-tricos-9-ene, muscamone. EU: Not approved ECHA: Approved PT19, repellants and attractants, 01/10/2014 - 30/09/2024.
Imidacloprid possible adverse effects: very toxic to bees, birds, also aquatic life and aquatic environments, with long-lasting effects; can affect reproduction and development in humans; possibly associated with autism spectrum disorder; moderately toxic to mammals, fish and earthworms; persists in soil.
Tricosene possible adverse effects: Irritant to skin and eyes on contact; inhalation can cause irritation to the respiratory tract; highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates
Croatia FIS: Quick Bayt not approved
REVIVE II active ingredient EMAMECTIN BENZOATE. Semisynthetic derivative of avermectin. EU: Approved 01/05/2014 - 30/04/2024. ECHA: not approved
Emamectin Benzoate possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to bees, birds, aquatic life, aquatic environment, algae; in humans: highly toxic through swallowing, inhalation and skin contact; can cause organ damage, serious eye irritation or damage; muscle tremors, muscle incoordination, vomiting, pulmonary oedema, unconsciousness; skin allergies.
Croatia FIS: approved 19/03/2019.-30/04/2025.
ROGOR 40 active ingredient DIMETHOATE. Organophosphate, EU / ECHA: not approved
Dimethoate possible adverse effects. Very toxic to bees and aquatic organisms; possibly toxic to wildlife, including birds, and livestock: possible endocrine disruptor; in humans inhalation, swallowing or excess skin contact can cause breathing difficulties, headache, dizziness, tiredness, slurred speech, blurred vision, a lack of coordination, sweating, slow or rapid heart beat, convulsions, incontinence and in extreme cases unconsciousness and death; when swallowed, can also cause vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, faecal incontinence; long-term exposure may lead to impaired memory, depression, irritability, confusion and insomnia; possible human carcinogen (USEPA).
Croatia FIS: Registration for Rogor 40 withdrawn 31/12/2019, deadline 30/06/2020.
SCATTO active ingredient: DELTAMETHRIN. synthetic pyrethroid, EU: approved 01/1172003 - 31/10/2020. ECHA: approved PT18, 01/10/2013 - 30/09/2023.
Deltamethrin possible adverse effects: Toxic to bees; highly toxic to cats; extremely toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to fish; also to aquatic herbivorous insects, causing increased algae; in humans can cause ataxia, convulsions leading to muscle fibrillation and paralysis, dermatitis, oedema, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, irritability, peripheral vascular collapse, rhinorrhoea, serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, tinnitus, tremors, vomiting and death due to respiratory failure. Possible allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, fever, hypersensitivity pneumonia, pallor, pollinosis, sweating, sudden swelling of the face, eyelids, lips and mucous membranes, and tachycardia.
Croatia FIS: Scatto approved 12/07/2016 - 31/10/2020.
SEVIN active ingredient CARBARYL. Carbamate, EU / ECHA: not approved
Carbaryl possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to mammals, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic crustaceans, bees, earthworms. Can be fatal in humans; possible carcinogen and endocrine disruptor; possibly damaging for reproduction and development; can cause cholinesterase inhibition, blurred vision, tears, headaches, memory loss, rhinorrhoea (discharge of thin nasal mucus), salivation; sweating, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea; tremors, cyanosis, convulsions and skin irritation.
Croatia FIS: Sevin not approved
SUCCESS BAIT active ingredient SPINOSAD, combination of Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D, derived from naturally occurring soil fungi (naturalyte), EU: Approved 01/02/2007 - 30/04/2020. ECHA: Approved, PT18, 01/11/2012 - 31/10/2022.
Possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to bees; toxic to fish and earthworms; in humans can cause allergic reactions and eye irritation.
Croatia FIS: Success Bait approved 11/01/2005.-31/12/2023.
VERTIMEC 018 EC, VERTIMEC PRO active ingredient ABAMECTIN (See Emamectin) Combination of Avermectin B1a & B1b, growth regulator, insecticide, miticide, nematicide, derived from soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. EU: Approved 01/05/2009 - 30/04/2020. ECHA: Approved PT18 01/07/2013 - 30/06/2023
Abamectin possible adverse effects: extremely toxic to bees, birds; highly toxic to aquatic life: fish, invertebrates, plants, algae and sediment dwelling organisms; toxic to earthworms; highly toxic to humans through skin contact, inhalation or ingestion: can cause problems for reproduction, impairing male fertility; neurological damage including tremors and ataxia; respiratory failure; skin and eye irritation.
Croatia FIS: Vertimec 018 EC approved 12/06/2006.-30/06/2023; Vertimec Pro approved 18/05/2016.-30/04/2020.
HERBICIDES (ECHA has no code for herbicide approval)
BOOM EFEKT. active ingredient GLYPHOSATE. There are at least some 750 glyphosate-based herbicides available in the world markets. Eleven of them, including the widely used Roundup (Cidokor in Croatian), were banned in the EU in 2016. Apart from these, Glyphosate is approved in the EU, 16/12/2017 - 15/12/2022.
Glyphosate, suspected possible adverse effects -in humans: carcinogenic; neurotoxic; genotoxic; contributes to antibiotic resistance; influences pregnancy, fertility, and birth defects; endocrine disruptor; damages DNA, gut bacteria, organs including liver, kidneys and spleen; contributes to Parkinson's Disease and autism. Possible environmental ill-effects: damage to water, fish, aquatic organisms, soil, soil organisms, bees, butterflies, gastropods, trees, plants.
CIDOKOR (Roundup), CIDOKOR MAX, CIDOKOR PLUS active ingredient GLYPHOSATE. Croatia FIS: Cidokor Max approved 09/06/2015-01/03/2022, Cidokor plus approved 24/11/2015.-01/03/2022, Cidokor not approved
OURAGAN SYSTEM 4 (URAGAN), active ingredient GLYPHOSATE. Croatia FIS approved 24/01/2012-24/01/2022
OXALIS active ingredient GLYPHOSATE. Croatia FIS: Oxalis not approved
ROUNDUP BIOACTIVE, ROUNDUP RAPID active ingredient GLYPHOSATE.
Croatia FIS: Roundup Bioactive approved 01/07/2016-01/03/2022. Roundup Rapid approved 24/11/2015 - 01/03/2022; [Agrobase Croatia: registration withdrawn from both products.]
FUNGICIDES (ECHA has no code for fungicide approval)
ACROBAT MZ WG active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate), EU: Approved 01/07/2006 - 31/01/2021 + DIMETHOMORPH substance group morpholine EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2020
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant.
Dimethomorph possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, crustaceans and plants, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; possibly affects honeybees through accumulation in pollen; slight risk for bumblebees and birds; moderately toxic to earthworms; can affect soil bacteria, impacting on soil nitrification and ammonification; in humans: irritant to respiratory tract, skin and eyes; possibly causes chromosome aberrations; possibly affects reproduction and development.
Croatia FIS: approved 29/12/2006 - 31/12/2023.
ALIETTE FLASH, ALIETTE WG active ingredient: FOSETYL-ALUMINIUM (Fosetyl-al) Organophosphate. EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2021.
Fosetyl-Al possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage; skin irritant
Croatia FIS: Aliette Flash approved 27/11/2006 - 31/12/2023; Aliette WG not approved
ANTRACOL COMBI WP76, active ingredients PROPINEB (substance type: carbamate), EU: not approved, & CYMOXANIL (substance group cyanoacetamide oxime) EU: Approved 01/09/2009-31/08/2021.
Propineb possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can cause organ damage, allergic skin reactions; toxic on skin contact; suspected as possible carcinogen, respiratory tract irritant.
Cymoxanil possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; in humans: highly toxic if swallowed; reproductive toxicity, suspected of damaging fertility and the unborn child; skin irritant; eye irritant; prolonged exposure causes organ damage.
Croatia FIS: Antracol Combi WP76 not approved
ANTRACOL WG70, ANTRACOL WP70 active ingredient PROPINEB (substance type: carbamate), EU: not approved
Propineb possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can cause organ damage, allergic skin reactions; toxic on skin contact; suspected as possible carcinogen, respiratory tract irritant.
Croatia FIS: Antracol WG70, Antracol WP70 not approved
BORDOŠKA JUHA (MIX), (BORDEAUX MIXTURE), active ingredients COPPER SULPHATE + HYDRATED LIME / CALCIUM DIHYDROXIDE (Compound), EU: Bordeaux Mixture approved 01/01/2019-31/12/2025
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Copper Sulphate possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, algae, birds, earthworms. In humans: harmful if inhaled, can cause serious eye problems. Associated with increased risk of potentially malignant oral submucous fibrosis, which can lead to oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Calcium dihydroxide possible adverse effects: corrosive, toxic for aquatic life; in humans, causes serious eye damage and skin irritation; may cause respiratory irritation
Croatia FIS: Bordoška juha caffaro 20WP approved 08/07/2004.-31/12/2023; Bordoška juha 20WP manica approved 24/11/2006-31/12/2023.
CABRIO TEAM active ingredients DIMETHOMORPH substance group morpholine EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2020 + PYRACLOSTROBIN (Carbamate ester, substance group Strobilurin) EU: Approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2020.
Dimethomorph possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, crustaceans and plants, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; possibly affects honeybees through accumulation in pollen; slight risk for bumblebees and birds; moderately toxic to earthworms; can affect soil bacteria, impacting on soil nitrification and ammonification; in humans: irritant to respiratory tract, skin and eyes; possibly causes chromosome aberrations; possibly affects reproduction and development.
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain
Croatia FIS: Cabrio Team not approved
CABRIO® TOP active ingredients METIRAM (substance group carbamate) EU: Approved 01/07/20016 - 31/01/2021, + PYRACLOSTROBIN (carbamate ester, substance group strobilurin), EU: Approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2021.
Metiram possible adverse effects: Moderately toxic to fish; highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates; highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquqatic environment; moderately toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can cause skin and eye irritation; can cause anaemia; toxic if ingested or inhaled; can cause abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested; classified as a possible human carcinogen
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain
Croatia FIS: Cabrio Top approved 07/04/2011.-07/04/2021.
CADILLAC 80 WP active ingredient MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate), EU: Approved 01/07/2006 - 31/01/2021.
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant.
Croatia FIS: Cadillac 80WP approved 15/06/2015- 31/01/2021.
CHAMPION, CHAMPION FLOW SC, CHAMPION WG50, COPPER-BASED fungicides. EU: approved.
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Croatia FIS: Champion Flow approved 17/06/1997-31/12/2023. Champion WG50 approved 21/01/2008-31/12/2023. Champion not approved as from 01/01/2020, final sell-by date 01/07/2020, use-by date 01/07/2021.
CHROMOSUL 80 active ingredient SULPHUR, EU: Approved 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2020.
Product warnings: to be used no more than four times a year, and never when the vine is fully developed; should not be mixed with propamocarb, captan, heptenophos, oils, bupirimate and folpet.
Sulphur possible adverse effects: if inhaled can cause coughing, sneezing and respiratory impairment; skin contact can cause redness, itching and burning in sensitive individuals; eye contact can cause painful irritation, redness and tears; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Croatia FIS: Chromosul 80 approved 04/09/1997-31/12/2023.
CUPRABLAU Z active ingredients COPPER OXYCHLORIDE, EU: approved 01/01/2019-31/12/2025 + ZINC SULPHIDE (inorganic compound)
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin. Copper oxychloride is genotoxic and cytotoxic to human lymphocytes; damages reproduction in earthworms.
Zinc sulphide possible adverse effects: in humans, can be harmful if inhaled or swallowed; can cause skin or eye irritation; can cause headaches or nausea
Croatia FIS: Cuprablau-Z registration withdrawn on 01/01/2020, final deadline for sales of stocks 01/07/2020, final use-by date 01/07/2021; Cuprablau Z Ultra not approved
CUPRABLAU Z 35WG active ingredients COPPER COMPOUNDS, COPPER OXYCHLORIDE, EU: approved 01/01/2019-31/12/2025
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Croatia FIS: Cuprablau Z 35WG approved 17/04/2019-01/01/2022.
CUPRABLAU Z ULTRA, COPPER-BASED fungicide (see above), Croatia FIS: not approved.
CUPROCAFFARO 50WP, COPPER-BASED fungicide (see above), Croatia FIS: approved 17/04/2019.-01/01/2022.
DIFCOR active ingredient: DIFENOCONAZOLE, substance group triazole, EU: Approved 01/01/2009 - 31/12/2020.
Difenoconazole possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; harmful to bees; can contaminate bee pollen; moderately toxic to birds and mammals; in humans, possible carcinogen; possible endocrine disruptor; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause serious eye irritation
Croatia FIS: Difcor approved 14/06/2017.-31/12/2023.
FALCON EC 460 active ingredients TEBUCONAZOLE (substance group triazole), EU: approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2020. + SPIROXAMINE (substance group morpholine), EU: approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2021, + TRIADIMENOL (substance group triazole) EU not approved
Tebuconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
Spiroxamine possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; in humans, suspected of causing damage to the unborn child; may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Triadimenol possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; causes reproductive disruption in medaka fish and mammals; can harm Eremias argus lizards; causes neurobehavioural effects in rats; in humans: highly toxic if swallowed; may damage fertility; may harm the unborn child; may harm a child being breast-fed; causes eye irritation; causes mild skin irritation
Croatia FIS: Falcon EC 460 approved 10/02/2006.-31/08/2020.
FALCON FORTE, active ingredients: TEBUCONAZOLE, (substance group triazole), EU: Approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2020, SPIROXAMINE (substance group morpholine), EU: Approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2021, PROTHIOCONAZOLE (substance group triazolinthione) EU: Approved 01/08/2008-31/07/2020
Tebuconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
Spiroxamine possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; in humans, suspected of causing damage to the unborn child; may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; harmful if swallowed or inhaled; can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Prothiconazole possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic crustaceans and sediment dwelling organisms; very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment; toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can affect reproduction and development; possible endocrine disruptor; can cause skin irritation; possible irritant if inhaled
Croatia FIS: Falcon Forte approved 20/03/2019-31/07/2020
FOLIO GOLD active ingredients METALAXYL, (Metalaxyl-M, substance group phenylamide), EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023, + CHLOROTHALONIL (substance group chloronitrile), EU: Not approved
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Chlorothalonil possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms; in humans: can be fatal if swallowed or inhaled; possible carcinogen; can affect reproduction and development; possible endocrine disruptor; causes serious eye damage; can cause respiratory tract irritation; can cause allergic skin reaction
Croatia FIS: Folio Gold registration withdrawn 20/11/2019.
FOLPAN 50WP, FOLPAN 80WDG active ingredient FOLPET (synthetic phthalimide), EU: Approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2020.
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms; causes developmental effects in animals; in humans: probable human carcinogen; possibly disrupts fertility; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health
Croatia FIS: Folpan 80 WDG approved 26/01/2005.-31/12/2023. Folpan 50 WP not approved
FOLPAN GOLD active ingredients METALAXYL, (Metalaxyl-M, substance group phenylamide), EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023, + FOLPET (synthetic phthalimide), EU: Approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2020.
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to earthworms; causes developmental effects in animals; in humans: probable human carcinogen; possibly disrupts fertility; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health
Croatia FIS: Folpan Gold approved 15/10/2003 - 31/12/2023.
FUBOL GOLD WG active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate), EU: Approved 01/07/2006 - 31/01/2021, + METALAXYL, (Metalaxyl-M, substance group phenylamide), EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant.
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed.
Croatia FIS: Fubol Gold not approved
LUNA PRIVILEGE, LUNA SENSATION active ingredients FLUOPYRAM (substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: Approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024., TRIFLOXYSTROBIN (substance group strobilurin), EU: approved 01/08/2018-31/07/2033.
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child
Trifloxystrobin possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to sediment-dwelling organisms and aquatic plants; moderately toxic to earthworms; low toxicity to honeybees; in humans: can cause problems with reproduction and development; can cause eye irritation and allergic skin reactions
Croatia FIS: Luna Privilege approved 09/02/2015 - 31/01/2025.; Luna Sensation approved 09/07/2019.-31/01/2025.
LUNA EXPERIENCE active ingredients FLUOPYRAM (substance group benzamide, pyramide), EU: Approved 01/02/2014 - 31/01/2024, with TEBUCONAZOLE (substance group triazole), EU: Approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2020.
Fluopyram possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic plants and algae, with long-lasting effects; slightly toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans, can cause serious eye irritation; possibly causes damage to nervous system; affects reproduction, possibly damages the unborn child
Tebcucozanole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
Croatia FIS: Luna Experience approved 19/01/2015 - 31/08/2020.
MIKAL, MIKAL FLASH active ingredients FOLPET (synthetic phthalimide) EU: Approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2020 + FOSETYL-AL (organophosphate), EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2021
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; probable human carcinogen; causes developmental effects in animals; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions; moderately toxic to earthworms. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health.
Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-al) possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage; skin irritant
Croatia FIS: Mikal Flash approved 30/11/2006 - 31/12/2023. Mikal not approved
MIKAL PREMIUM F active ingredients FOLPET, (synthetic phthalimide) EU: Approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2020, + FOSETYL (organophosphate), EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2021, + IPROVALICARB (substance group carbamate) EU: Approved 01/04/2016-31/03/2031
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; probable human carcinogen; causes developmental effects in animals; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions; moderately toxic to earthworms. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health.
Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-al) possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage; skin irritant
Iprovalicarb possible adverse effects: marine pollutant; very toxic to aquatic organisms; toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment; moderately toxic to earthworms; in humans: possible carcinogen; corrosive to skin; highly damaging to health if swallowed
Croatia FIS: Mikal Premium F approved 29/11/2007 - 31/12/2023.
MODRA GALICA active ingredient COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE EU: not listed
Copper Sulphate possible adverse effects: Copper sulphate products are highly toxic to fish, birds, bees and earthworms, toxic to mammals, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, algae, sediment dwelling organisms; highly toxic to the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; in humans: possible reproduction and developmental effects; irritant to the respiratory tract; corrosive to skin and eyes; ingestion can cause burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, and yellowing of the skin caused by disrupted urination; high doses and prolonged exposure can cause anaemia, also damage to the brain, liver, kidneys and stomach and intestinal linings; people with Wilson's disease (in which copper is absorbed and stored excessively in the body), are at special risk of poisoning from copper-based pesticides; associated with increased risk of potentially malignant oral submucous fibrosis, which can lead to oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Croatia FIS: Modra galica not approved; Modra Galica (Scarmagnan) registration withdrawn on 01/07/2016
NATIVO 75 WG active ingredients TEBUCONAZOLE (substance group triazole), EU: Approved 01/09/2009 - 31/08/2020, + TRIFLOXYSTROBIN (substance group strobilurin), EU: approved 01/08/2018-31/07/2033.
Tebuconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to bees, birds, earthworms; in humans: can damage the unborn child; possible human carcinogen; toxic if swallowed.
Trifloxystrobin possible adverse effects: very toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to sediment-dwelling organisms and aquatic plants; moderately toxic to earthworms; low toxicity to honeybees; in humans: can cause problems with reproduction and development; can cause eye irritation and allergic skin reactions
Croatia FIS: Nativo 75 WG approved 06/03/2008 - 31/12/2023.
NEORAM WG - COPPER-BASED fungicide, EU: approved
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Croatia FIS: Neoram WG approved 24/01/2008 - 31/12/2023.
NORDOX 75WG active ingredient COPPER OXIDE, EU: approved
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin.
Croatia FIS: approved 24/01/2002 - 31/12/2023.
PERGADO D active ingredients MANDIPROPRAMID (mandelamide) EU: approved 01/08/2013 - 31/07/2023 + MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate) EU: approved 01/07/2006 - 31/01/2021
Mandipropamid possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to birds and earthworms; can be harmful to the liver and kidneys; eye irritant. ECHA warning: Hazardous to the environment.
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
Croatia FIS: Pergado D approved 28/01/2019 - 31/07/2024.
PERGADO F active ingredients FOLPET (synthetic phthalimide) EU: Approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2020, MANDIPROPRAMID (mandelamide) EU: approved 01/08/2013 - 31/07/2023.
Product Warning: To be used no more than four times during vegetation at intervals of 8 -14 days.
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; probable human carcinogen; causes developmental effects in animals; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions; moderately toxic to earthworms. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health.
Mandipropamid possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to birds and earthworms; can be harmful to the liver and kidneys; eye irritant. ECHA warning: Hazardous to the environment.
Croatia FIS: Pergado F approved 26/11/2007 - 31/12/2023.
PERGADO MZ active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate) EU: Approved 01/07/2006 - 31/01/2021. + MANDIPROPRAMID (mandelamide) EU: approved 01/08/2013 - 31/07/2023.
Product warning: To be used no more than three times during vegetation
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
Mandipropamid possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; moderately toxic to birds and earthworms; can be harmful to the liver and kidneys; eye irritant. ECHA warning: Hazardous to the environment.
Croatia FIS: Pergado MZ approved 21/05/2007 - 31/12/2023.
POLYRAM DF active ingredient METIRAM (substance group carbamate), EU: Approved 01/07/20016 - 31/01/2021
Metiram possible adverse effects: Moderately toxic to fish; highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates; highly toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquqatic environment; moderately toxic to honeybees and earthworms; in humans: can cause skin and eye irritation; can cause anaemia; toxic if ingested or inhaled; can cause abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested; classified as a possible human carcinogen.
Croatia FIS: Polyram DF approved 02/02/2012-02/02/2022.
PREVICUR 607SL active ingredient PROPAMOCARB HYDROCHLORIDE (substance group carbamate), EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2020
Propamocarb hydrochloride possible adverse effects: Potentially harmful to herbivorous and insectivorous birds; moderately toxic to fish and honeybees; in humans: harmful if swallowed; skin irritant; possible endocrine disruptor; possible neurotoxicant.
Croatia FIS: Previcur 607SL not approved
PREVICUR ENERGY ingredients FOSETYL-ALUMINIUM (Fosetyl-al, Organophosphate), EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2021 + PROPAMOCARB (substance group carbamate), EU: Approved 01/10/2007-31/07/2020
Propamocarb possible adverse effects: Potentially harmful to herbivorous and insectivorous birds; moderately toxic to fish and honeybees; in humans: harmful if swallowed; skin irritant; possible endocrine disruptor; possible neurotoxicant.
Fosetyl-Al possible adverse effects: toxic to mammals, bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, earthworms; possible human carcinogen; irritant if inhaled, can cause lung damage; causes serious eye irritation or damage; skin irritant.
Croatia FIS: Previcur Enegry approved 23/05/2007.-31/12/2023.
PYRUS® 400SC active ingredient PYRIMETHANIL (anilinopyrimidine) EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2020
Pyrimethanil possible adverse effects: toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; endocrine disruptor in tree frogs, causes liver and kidney damage in non-target species; toxic to earthworms; in humans, possible carcinogen; toxic through skin contact and inhalation
Croatia FIS: Pyrus 400SC approved 09/05/2007-31/12/2023.
RIDOMIL GOLD MZ PEPITE active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate) EU: Approved 01/07/2006 - 31/01/2021. + METALAXYL (substance group phenylamide) EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023.
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Croatia FIS: Ridomil Gold MZ Pepite approved 24/01/2011.-24/01/2021.
RIDOMIL GOLD MZ 68WP active ingredients MANCOZEB (substance group dithiocarbamate) EU: Approved 01/07/2006 - 31/01/2021. and METALAXYL M (substance group phenylamide) EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023
Mancozeb possible adverse effects: toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates; moderately toxic to bees, earthworms, algae; in humans: possible thyroid disruptor; possible effects on reproduction and development; respiratory tract irritant; eye irritant
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Croatia FIS: Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP not approved
RIDOMIL GOLD PLUS 42,5 WP active ingredients METALAXYL M (substance group phenylamide) EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023, with COPPER COMPOUNDS: COPPER OXYCHLORIDE EU: Approved 01/01/2019 - 31/12/2025
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin. People with Wilson's disease (in which copper is absorbed and stored excessively in the body), are at special risk of poisoning from copper-based pesticides.
Croatia FIS: Ridomil Gold Plus 42.5 WP registration withdrawn 01/01/2020.
RIDOMIL GOLD R active ingredients METALAXYL M (substance group phenylamide) EU: Approved 01/07/2010 - 30/06/2023, with COPPER COMPOUNDS: COPPER OXYCHLORIDE EU: Approved 01/01/2019-31/12/2025
Metalaxyl possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, earthworms; in humans: can cause serious eye damage; skin irritant; very harmful if swallowed
Copper compounds, possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish, birds, aquatic invertebrates, organisms and plants; toxic to bees and earthworms; sheep, chickens; persists in the soil. In humans can cause nausea, irritation of respiratory tract and skin, eczema. Eye contact can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, excess fluid build-up in the eyelid, clouding of the cornea, cornea tissue deterioration due to ulceration in the eye's mucous membrane.
Long-term, excessive exposure leads to the risk of heavy metal poisoning, including liver disease, brain damage, kidney and intestinal problems, anaemia, mutagenic potential; possible damaging effects on reproduction and development. Symptoms include: a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest and abdomen, intense nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, sweating, shock, disrupted urination leading to yellowing of the skin. People with Wilson's disease (in which copper is absorbed and stored excessively in the body), are at special risk of poisoning from copper-based pesticides.
Croatia FIS: Ridomil Gold R approved 11/04/2017 - 30/06/2021.
SCALA active ingredient PYRIMETHANIL (Substance group anilinopyrimidine). EU: approved 01/05/2007 - 30/04/2020
Pyrimethanil possible adverse effects: toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; endocrine disruptor in tree frogs, causes liver and kidney damage in non-target species; toxic to earthworms; in humans, possible carcinogen; toxic through skin contact and inhalation
Croatia FIS: Scala approved 12/09/2016 - 30/04/2021.
SIGNUM active ingredients PYRACLOSTROBIN (Carbamate ester, substance group strobilurin), EU: Approved 01/06/2004 - 31/01/2020. + BOSCALID (substance group carboxamide), EU: Approved 01/08/2008 - 31/07/2020
Pyraclostrobin possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to fish, aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; hazardous to the aquatic environment with long-term effects; in humans: toxic, acutely dangerous if inhaled, can be fatal if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; causes eye and skin irritation; causes neurodegeneration; can cause nausea, headache, dizziness, chest pain.
Boscalid possible adverse effects: moderately toxic to fish, birds and earthworms; may affect foraging capacity in honeybees; in humans: possible carcinogen; possible effects on reproduction and development.
Croatia FIS: Signum approved 29/12/2006 - 31/12/2023.
STROBY WG active ingredient KRESOXIM METHYL (substance group strobilurin), EU: approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2024.
Kresoxim Methyl possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life; Highly toxic to the aquatic environment with long-lasting effects; moderately toxic to mammals; moderately toxic to earthworms; slightly toxic to honey bees (apis mellifera); in humans: probable carcinogen; irritant to respiratory tract, skin and eyes.
Croatia FIS: Stroby WG approved 25/07/2011 - 25/07/2021.
SUMPOR MICRO 80 WP, SUMPOR MOČIVI TIOSAM 80 MIKRO, SUMPOR PRAŠIVO, SUMPOR SC 80, SUMPOR WG 80, SUMPORNO PRAŠIVO active ingredient SULPHUR, EU: Approved 01/01/2010 - 31/12/2020.
Sulphur, possible adverse effects: if inhaled can cause coughing, sneezing and respiratory impairment; skin contact can cause redness, itching and burning in sensitive individuals; eye contact can cause painful irritation, redness and tears; ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Croatia FIS: Sumpor prašivo approved 21/09/2016 -31/12/2020 , Sumpor SC 80 approved 25/05/1998 - 31/12/2023, Sumpor WG 80 approved 14/10/2016 -11/12/2020, Sumporno prašivo approved 13/12/2004 -31/12/2023, Sumpor Micro 80WP not approved, Sumpor močivi tiosam 80 mikro not approved.
TILT CB 187,5 FW active ingredients PROPICONAZOLE, (substance group triazole) EU: approval withdrawn December 2018, final deadline March 2020. and CARBENDAZIM (substance group benzimidamole) EU: not approved
Propiconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; in humans, highly irritant to eyes and skin; harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin; can cause skin allergies; possible liver toxicant; possible endocrine disruptor; classified as possible carcinogen by USEPA
Carbendazim possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic organisms and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; toxic to earthworms; moderately toxic to honeybees; in humans, may cause genetic defects; may damage fertility and the unborn child
Croatia FIS: Tilt CB 187.5FW not approved
TILT 250 EC active ingredient PROPICONAZOLE, (substance group triazole) EU: approval withdrawn December 2018, final deadline March 2020.
Propiconazole possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish; in humans, highly irritant to eyes and skin; harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin; can cause skin allergies; possible liver toxicant; possible endocrine disruptor; classified as possible carcinogen by USEPA
Croatia FIS: registration withdrawn 19/06/2019.
TOPAS 100EC active ingredient PENCONAZOLE, substance group triazole EU: Approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2021
Penconazole possible adverse effects: toxic to bees, birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae; suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child; possible endocrine disruptor; harmful if swallowed
Croatia FIS: Topas 100EC approved 01/02/2007.-31/12/2023.
UNIVERSALIS, active ingredients AZOXYSTROBIN (substance group strobilurin) EU: Approved 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2024 and FOLPET (synthetic phthalimide) EU: Approved 01/10/2007 - 31/07/2020.
Azoxystrobin possible adverse effects: highly toxic to aquatic organisms and the aquatic environment, with long-lasting effects; highly toxic to hoverfly larvae; toxic to fish, earthworms; in humans, suspected possible carcinogen; toxic if swallowed or inhaled; skin and eye irritant.
Folpet possible adverse effects: highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; probable human carcinogen; causes developmental effects in animals; toxic if inhaled; causes serious eye irritation; can cause allergic skin reactions; moderately toxic to earthworms. ECHA warnings: hazardous to the environment and human health.
Croatia FIS: approved 21/05/2007 - 31/12/2023.
LIMACIDE (MOLLUSCICIDE) ECHA APPROVAL CODE PT16, molluscicides, vermicides and products to control other invertebrates (slugs, snails and other arthropods)
PUŽOMOR active ingredient METALDEHYDE (Chemical compound), EU: approved, 01/06/2011-31/05/2023. ECHA: not approved
Metaldehyde possible adverse effects: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-lasting effects; deadly to dogs and cats: Toxic to humans if swallowed or through skin contact or inhalation; can cause salivation, lethargy, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, convulsions, hyperthermia, comas, and death
Croatia FIS: Pužomor approved 12/01/2005 - 31/12/2023.
RODENTICIDESECHA APPROVAL CODE PT14, rodenticides
RATIMOR active ingredient BRODIFACOUM. Rodenticide - superwarfarin - 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant poison. EU: Not approved ECHA: approved, PT14, 01/02/2012 - 30/06/2024.
Brodifacoum possible adverse effects: highly toxic when ingested, causes haemorrhage, can be fatal to humans and animals alike; can be fatal through inhalation and skin contact; highly toxic to fish and birds; causes long-lasting damaging effects in aquatic environments.
Croatia FIS: Ratimor products not approved
RATIMOR active ingredient BROMADIOLONE. Rodenticide - anticoagulant - superwarfarin - 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant poison. EU: Approved 01/06/2011 - 31/05/2021. ECHA: approved, PT14, 01/07/2011 - 30/06/2024
Bromadiolone possible adverse effects: Acutely toxic, can be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or via skin contact; may damage fertility or the unborn child; can cause organ damage in humans; highly toxic to fish and aquatic life, also to earthworms.
Croatia FIS: Ratimor products not approved
Note: The information given above is correct to the best of our knowledge. If you see any inaccuracies, please let us know at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. To view the listing of the active ingredients of chemical pesticides in common use on Hvar, together with the scientific sources of information about their possible adverse effects, please refer to our companion article 'Pesticides and their Adverse Effects'
March 2020
