Pesticidi: Odobreni UNESCO-m?

Hvar se s pravom ponosi svojom baštinom, koju prepoznaje i UNESCO, ali brine li se o njoj i čuva je se na pravi način?

Herbicidi u starogradskom polju, ožujak 2016. Herbicidi u starogradskom polju, ožujak 2016. Vivian Grisogono

Hvar je na UNESCO-voj listi zapisan čak nekoliko puta, uključujući Procesiju na Veliki Četvrtak “Za Križen” (Reprezentativna Lista Nematerijalne Kulturne Baštine Čovječanstva), kao i tradiciju izrade čipke od AgaveMediteranske Prehrane, plus Starogradsko Polje (lat. Ager, grčki Hora), koje se nalazi na listi svjetske baštine. Ulažu se veliki napori za očuvanje kulturnog integriteta ovih cijenjenih povijesnih dobara. Ipak, postoje određene prepreke, koje još nisu u potpunosti prepoznate, i koje bi mogle potkopati značaj Starogradskog Polja i Mediteranske Prehrane.

Sagrađeno za obiteljsku uporabu i skladištenje alata

U tijeku je rasprava o zgradama sagrađenim u Starogradskom Polju. Uglavnom, radi se o modernim skloništima za ljude, koji rade u poljima i za njihov alat. Mnoge su sagrađene u kamenu, u skladu s okolnim krajolikom. Postoje i neke jako lijepo obnovljene kamene kučice, koje datiraju unatrag nekoliko desetljeća, čak stoljeća. Ima i nekoliko jednostavnih koliba, primjerenih njihovoj praktičnoj svrsi, iako nisu baš osobito atraktivne. Postoje i zgrade za eko-turizam, obično lijepo napravljene male kamene kučice namijenjene kao zaklon od sunca, gdje posjetitelji mogu uživati u dalmatinskoj kuhinji (kao dio mediteranske prehrane) u finom prirodnom okruženju. Postoji vrlo mali broj ambicioznih stvarnih kuća, obično jako fine kamene konstrukcije, zamišljene kao vikendice i kuće za odmor za njihove vlasnike, i povremeno namijenjene kao objekte ruralnog turizma za goste, koji žele biti okruženi prirodom. Sve zgrade su, naravno ovisne o bunaru i kišnici za opskrbu vodom.

Dio državnih institucija, osobito onih, koje se nalaze u Zagrebu smatra, da bi sve ove zgrade u Starogardskom Polju trebalo srušiti. Lokalno stanovništvo i vlasti pretežno smatraju, da bi zgradama, ili velikoj većini zgrada trebalo biti dozvoljeno da ostanu u Starogradskom Polju. Uostalom, neke od njih su bile sagrađene u vrijeme kada je njihova gradnja odobrena od strane lokalnih vlasti, čak i ako to nije bilo potvrđeno pismeno. Logično, zgrade u Starogradskom Polju su postojale i za vrijeme Grka i kasnije Rimljana. Životinje i ljudi su trebali sklonište od vremenskih neprilika, bila ona jako sunce, ili oštar vjetar i kiša. Tu je i problem sa devastacijom okoliša, do koje bi došlo kroz rušenje svih ovih zgrada. Iako su većinom zgrade malih dimenzija, ukupna količina otpada od rušenja bi bila od značajnog utjecaja.

Pravi Problem

Dok traje rasprava o zgradama u Starogradskom Polju, vrlo malo pažnje se posvećuje mnogo većem problemu: devastaciji okoliša kroz nemilosrdnu upotrebu kemijskih pesticide.

Herbicidi u vinogradu u Starogradskom polju, slikano u siječnju. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

UNESCO-v opis Starogradskog polja navodi: “Starogradsko polje na jadranskom otoku Hvaru je kulturni krajolik, koji je ostao praktički netaknut otkako su ga kolonizirali jonski Grci s Parosa u 4. stoljeću prije Krista. Izvorna poljoprivredna aktivnost ove plodne ravnice, pretežno fokusirana na vinovu lozu i masline, se zadržala od grčkih vremena do danas. Ovo mjesto je također prirodni rezervat“. Za Mediteransku Prehranu, opis pokriva širok raspon: „Mediteranska prehrana uključuje skup vještina, znanja, rituala, simbola i običaja u vezi usjeva, žetve, ribolova, stočarstva, očuvanja, obradu, kuhanja a posebice razmjene i konzumacije hrane.”

Herbicidi pored maslina u Starogradskom polju, travanj 2015. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Herbicidi i insekticidi su redovito korišteni mnogim poljoprivrednicima na Starogradskom Polju, obično dva puta godišnje a ponekad i češće. Postoji tragičan nedostatak svijesti o posljedicama: pesticidi ne djeluju onako kako ljudi misle da djeluju, a ujedno mogu uzrokovati veliku štetu na mnogo različitih načina. Postoji masa poražavajućih dokaza o štetnosti povezanih sa korištenjem herbicida na bazi glifosata, ali zadrti korisnici to odlučno ignoriraju. Mnogi misle, da je uporaba pesticide 'normalna', čak i 'neophodna'. Posljedice herbicida postaju svake godine sve više vidljivi. Čak se pojavljuju u promotivnim materijalima, vjerojatno nenamjerno.

Brošura, koja pokazuje rašireno korištenje herbicida na poljima u blizini Staroga Grada

Divlje zelje i šparoge, svježe ubrane sa sela su osnova tradicionalne Hvarske verzije Mediteranske Prehrane. U današnje vrijeme morate biti oprezni gdje idete u berbu kako se ne bi otrovali ostacima kemijskih herbicida. Masline i maslinovo ulje su također osnove Mediteranske Prehrane. No, i oni gube svoje zdravstvene beneficije ako su zagađene kemijskim herbicidima i insekticidima.

Herbicidi oko loza: otrov prodire i ostaje! Foto: Vivian Grisogono

U video snimci u nastavku može se na pojedinim dijelovima vidjeti zemlja kontaminirana herbicidima, posebno na putu između vinograda, koji je prikazan u 2. minuti i 42. sekundi. Takvo uništavanje tla i okoliša je ekološka katastrofa. Suprotno uobičajenim vjerovanjima, herbicidi se šire kroz zrak kada su prskani, kroz tlo i kroz podzemne vode, od kojih je ih puno njih na Hvaru. Također, herbicidi ostaju u tlu i prodiru u sve biljke, s kojima su u kontaktu. Zato je glifosat, trenutno najkorišteniji sastojak herbicida na ovom planetu moguće pronaći u životinjskom i ljudskom prehrambenom lancu.

Kemijskim pesticidima nema mjesta u Hvarskim tradicionalnim i povijesnim dobrima. Raširena upotreba kemijskih pesticida u Starogradskom Polju (kao i na cijelom otoku Hvaru), sigurno potkopava temelj za uvrštavanje na UNESCO-vu listu. To vrijedi i za hvarsko uključivanje u Mediteransku Prehranu. Prava baština otoka leži u organskoj poljoprivredi. To je to, što ljudi očekuju, kada dođu na mjesto, koje je postavljeno na međunarodnu kartu kao cijenjena baština. Ona nekolicina organskih poljoprivrednika na Starogradskom Polju pokazuje pravi put: može se! Korisnici kemijskih pesticida se trebaju opametiti i slijediti taj primjer. Vlasti odgovorne za hvarski okoliš i baštinu bi trebale poticati ekološku poljoprivredu na bilo koji mogući način. Tek tada će Hvarsko Starogradsko Polje i Mediteranska Prehrana opet zaista zasluživati svoje mjesto na UNESCO-voj listi.

© Vivian Grisogono MA(Oxon) 2016

Prijevod: Ivana Župan

Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Pesticidi: Odobreni UNESCO-m?

Novosti: Ekologija.hr

  • Extreme weather has raised the significance of Cop17 talks starting this week on tackling drought and land degradation

    As swathes of the northern hemisphere bake in what could be the hottest year on record, with wildfires blazing across North America and Europe and heatwaves afflicting millions across Asia, the UN’s bi-annual talks on desertification have assumed much greater importance – and have started attracting more money.

    Work will begin this week on allocating more than $12bn (£8.9bn) to vulnerable countries to help them deal with drought and land degradation, when scores of countries gather in Mongolia for Cop17.

    Continue reading...

  • With heatwaves now recognised as disasters, personal testimonies are key to a new project that looks to protect those living in the most cramped districts of India’s capital

    Every summer evening, Gulshan follows the same routine. She washes the floor of her one-room home several times so it cools a little for her four children to sleep on. Last summer, the family saved enough to buy a desert cooler, which uses evaporation as a cheaper alternative to air conditioning.

    The family uses the appliance cautiously to save on energy costs. But even when it is on, Gulshan, who does not use a surname, has to dampeneveryone’s clothes before sleeping. The 39-year-old and her children now have rashes and one has a skin infection from the wet cloth against their skin.

    Continue reading...

  • Lisnabreeny, Co Down: There was little fanfare beforehand, but when the moment arrived, so did a group of strangers with a sense of occasion

    “Eclipses be – predicted – / And Science bows them in –” wrote the poet Emily Dickinson. As last Wednesday’s solar eclipse was bowed in across my news apps, those lines resonated with me. Dickinson’s masterly use of dashes to suspend the word “predicted” mirrored my experience of the Met Office’s forecast, which kept me teetering between hope and dismayall day and for days before.

    Ahead of the appointed time, we had scouted the hills for a commanding view of the western horizon, and to get a sense of it on an ordinary sunlit evening. There were swallows skimming over the stubble grass and rooks clamouring in the trees. At that stage, the few people I encountered were unaware that a deep partial eclipse was even going to happen.

    Continue reading...

  • Cut in electric vehicle sales targets could add millions of tonnes of CO2 to emissions in UK, say green campaigners

    Andy Burnham has been criticised for moving to cut electric vehicle (EV) sales targets and accept North Sea drilling at a time of devastating wildfires caused by the climate emergency.

    The prime minister for the first time acknowledged on Friday that the climate crisis was behind hundreds of wildfires that have ripped across the parts of the UK.

    Continue reading...

  • Social media and Shazam-like birdsong apps drawing young people to hobby as they seek a gentler connection to the outside world

    Sorry Elon, but they’re not your kind of tweets. Social media users are flocking to TikTok to join a burgeoning trend for birding videos as the hobby attracts a younger demographic.

    With the internet ever more cluttered with polarising, shouty and AI content, evidence is emerging of Britons preferring a gentler, more melodic window on the world in the shape of footage of the nation’s feathered friends.

    Continue reading...

  • We learn what to fear and reject from those around us. But if disgust can be learned, it can also be unlearned

    Vote for your favourite invertebrate of the year

    It was the summer of 2021 and I was standing in Hyde Park, London, trying to persuade passing tourists to come bug hunting with me. I was working on a campaign to increase public appreciation of invertebrates and, while I adore bugs, this job was teaching me how differently other people see them.

    A woman and her young daughter stopped to chat. Grateful for a few minutes of respite, the woman turned to her phone while the child followed me to a nearby log. We lifted it to reveal one of the largest earthworms I’ve ever seen.

    Voting is open for invertebrate of the year and will close at midnight BST on Sunday 16 August; vote here

    Continue reading...

  • Delay to rainy season in forest already damaged by human-driven heating could trigger powerful ‘Godzilla’ El Niño

    As a supercharged climate scorches Europe with wildfire and deluges Asia with floods, the Amazon is bracing for a drought that strikes fear into the hearts of forest defenders and food producers alike. But it should worry even more of us.

    Scientists are predicting that the peak of El Niño will occur at the worst possible time for the world’s biggest tropical rainforest: the end of the dry season between October and December, when rivers are at their lowest and undergrowth is most likely to be tinder dry. This will be a period of extreme vulnerability for the forest, which plays a globally important role in stabilising the climate and irrigating crops.

    Continue reading...

  • It said that was what I was due after I submitted a claim for £300 for energy exported through my solar panels

    British Gas paid memore than £38,000 by mistake, then had no idea how to reclaim it. I receive quarterly feed-in tariff (Fit) payments for energy exported by my solar panels.

    In May, I submitted a claim for £300, based on mymeter reading, and I received an email stating that I was due £38,611.59.

    Continue reading...

  • Famous raptor helped livestream viewers in difficult moments, and inspired a conservation project at her lake home

    The bald eagle Jackie made her home on the shore of southern California’s Big Bear Lake for most of her 14 years. But her death earlier this week drew international attention.

    The Los Angeles Times described her as “arguably the world’s most famous bald eagle”. For years, millions of people tuned into a live stream of Jackie’s nest, watching her rear her eaglets, work out life with her mate, Shadow, and, perhaps most memorably, incubate her eggs while almost completely buried in snow.

    Continue reading...

  • The long-running series in which readers answer other readers’ questions on subjects ranging from trivial flights of fancy to profound scientific and philosophical concepts

    If consumer capitalism continues at its current rate, will we reach a point at which there is literally no space left on Earth for all the stuff that has been created? Alex Robinson, Alnwick, Northumberland

    Post your answers (and new questions) below or send them to[email protected]. A selection will be published next Sunday.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com