Pesticidi: Odobreni UNESCO-m?

Hvar se s pravom ponosi svojom baštinom, koju prepoznaje i UNESCO, ali brine li se o njoj i čuva je se na pravi način?

Herbicidi u starogradskom polju, ožujak 2016. Herbicidi u starogradskom polju, ožujak 2016. Vivian Grisogono

Hvar je na UNESCO-voj listi zapisan čak nekoliko puta, uključujući Procesiju na Veliki Četvrtak “Za Križen” (Reprezentativna Lista Nematerijalne Kulturne Baštine Čovječanstva), kao i tradiciju izrade čipke od AgaveMediteranske Prehrane, plus Starogradsko Polje (lat. Ager, grčki Hora), koje se nalazi na listi svjetske baštine. Ulažu se veliki napori za očuvanje kulturnog integriteta ovih cijenjenih povijesnih dobara. Ipak, postoje određene prepreke, koje još nisu u potpunosti prepoznate, i koje bi mogle potkopati značaj Starogradskog Polja i Mediteranske Prehrane.

Sagrađeno za obiteljsku uporabu i skladištenje alata

U tijeku je rasprava o zgradama sagrađenim u Starogradskom Polju. Uglavnom, radi se o modernim skloništima za ljude, koji rade u poljima i za njihov alat. Mnoge su sagrađene u kamenu, u skladu s okolnim krajolikom. Postoje i neke jako lijepo obnovljene kamene kučice, koje datiraju unatrag nekoliko desetljeća, čak stoljeća. Ima i nekoliko jednostavnih koliba, primjerenih njihovoj praktičnoj svrsi, iako nisu baš osobito atraktivne. Postoje i zgrade za eko-turizam, obično lijepo napravljene male kamene kučice namijenjene kao zaklon od sunca, gdje posjetitelji mogu uživati u dalmatinskoj kuhinji (kao dio mediteranske prehrane) u finom prirodnom okruženju. Postoji vrlo mali broj ambicioznih stvarnih kuća, obično jako fine kamene konstrukcije, zamišljene kao vikendice i kuće za odmor za njihove vlasnike, i povremeno namijenjene kao objekte ruralnog turizma za goste, koji žele biti okruženi prirodom. Sve zgrade su, naravno ovisne o bunaru i kišnici za opskrbu vodom.

Dio državnih institucija, osobito onih, koje se nalaze u Zagrebu smatra, da bi sve ove zgrade u Starogardskom Polju trebalo srušiti. Lokalno stanovništvo i vlasti pretežno smatraju, da bi zgradama, ili velikoj većini zgrada trebalo biti dozvoljeno da ostanu u Starogradskom Polju. Uostalom, neke od njih su bile sagrađene u vrijeme kada je njihova gradnja odobrena od strane lokalnih vlasti, čak i ako to nije bilo potvrđeno pismeno. Logično, zgrade u Starogradskom Polju su postojale i za vrijeme Grka i kasnije Rimljana. Životinje i ljudi su trebali sklonište od vremenskih neprilika, bila ona jako sunce, ili oštar vjetar i kiša. Tu je i problem sa devastacijom okoliša, do koje bi došlo kroz rušenje svih ovih zgrada. Iako su većinom zgrade malih dimenzija, ukupna količina otpada od rušenja bi bila od značajnog utjecaja.

Pravi Problem

Dok traje rasprava o zgradama u Starogradskom Polju, vrlo malo pažnje se posvećuje mnogo većem problemu: devastaciji okoliša kroz nemilosrdnu upotrebu kemijskih pesticide.

Herbicidi u vinogradu u Starogradskom polju, slikano u siječnju. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

UNESCO-v opis Starogradskog polja navodi: “Starogradsko polje na jadranskom otoku Hvaru je kulturni krajolik, koji je ostao praktički netaknut otkako su ga kolonizirali jonski Grci s Parosa u 4. stoljeću prije Krista. Izvorna poljoprivredna aktivnost ove plodne ravnice, pretežno fokusirana na vinovu lozu i masline, se zadržala od grčkih vremena do danas. Ovo mjesto je također prirodni rezervat“. Za Mediteransku Prehranu, opis pokriva širok raspon: „Mediteranska prehrana uključuje skup vještina, znanja, rituala, simbola i običaja u vezi usjeva, žetve, ribolova, stočarstva, očuvanja, obradu, kuhanja a posebice razmjene i konzumacije hrane.”

Herbicidi pored maslina u Starogradskom polju, travanj 2015. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Herbicidi i insekticidi su redovito korišteni mnogim poljoprivrednicima na Starogradskom Polju, obično dva puta godišnje a ponekad i češće. Postoji tragičan nedostatak svijesti o posljedicama: pesticidi ne djeluju onako kako ljudi misle da djeluju, a ujedno mogu uzrokovati veliku štetu na mnogo različitih načina. Postoji masa poražavajućih dokaza o štetnosti povezanih sa korištenjem herbicida na bazi glifosata, ali zadrti korisnici to odlučno ignoriraju. Mnogi misle, da je uporaba pesticide 'normalna', čak i 'neophodna'. Posljedice herbicida postaju svake godine sve više vidljivi. Čak se pojavljuju u promotivnim materijalima, vjerojatno nenamjerno.

Brošura, koja pokazuje rašireno korištenje herbicida na poljima u blizini Staroga Grada

Divlje zelje i šparoge, svježe ubrane sa sela su osnova tradicionalne Hvarske verzije Mediteranske Prehrane. U današnje vrijeme morate biti oprezni gdje idete u berbu kako se ne bi otrovali ostacima kemijskih herbicida. Masline i maslinovo ulje su također osnove Mediteranske Prehrane. No, i oni gube svoje zdravstvene beneficije ako su zagađene kemijskim herbicidima i insekticidima.

Herbicidi oko loza: otrov prodire i ostaje! Foto: Vivian Grisogono

U video snimci u nastavku može se na pojedinim dijelovima vidjeti zemlja kontaminirana herbicidima, posebno na putu između vinograda, koji je prikazan u 2. minuti i 42. sekundi. Takvo uništavanje tla i okoliša je ekološka katastrofa. Suprotno uobičajenim vjerovanjima, herbicidi se šire kroz zrak kada su prskani, kroz tlo i kroz podzemne vode, od kojih je ih puno njih na Hvaru. Također, herbicidi ostaju u tlu i prodiru u sve biljke, s kojima su u kontaktu. Zato je glifosat, trenutno najkorišteniji sastojak herbicida na ovom planetu moguće pronaći u životinjskom i ljudskom prehrambenom lancu.

Kemijskim pesticidima nema mjesta u Hvarskim tradicionalnim i povijesnim dobrima. Raširena upotreba kemijskih pesticida u Starogradskom Polju (kao i na cijelom otoku Hvaru), sigurno potkopava temelj za uvrštavanje na UNESCO-vu listu. To vrijedi i za hvarsko uključivanje u Mediteransku Prehranu. Prava baština otoka leži u organskoj poljoprivredi. To je to, što ljudi očekuju, kada dođu na mjesto, koje je postavljeno na međunarodnu kartu kao cijenjena baština. Ona nekolicina organskih poljoprivrednika na Starogradskom Polju pokazuje pravi put: može se! Korisnici kemijskih pesticida se trebaju opametiti i slijediti taj primjer. Vlasti odgovorne za hvarski okoliš i baštinu bi trebale poticati ekološku poljoprivredu na bilo koji mogući način. Tek tada će Hvarsko Starogradsko Polje i Mediteranska Prehrana opet zaista zasluživati svoje mjesto na UNESCO-voj listi.

© Vivian Grisogono MA(Oxon) 2016

Prijevod: Ivana Župan

Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Pesticidi: Odobreni UNESCO-m?

Novosti: Ekologija.hr

  • Cut in electric vehicle sales targets could add millions of tonnes of CO2 to emissions in UK, say green campaigners

    Andy Burnham has been criticised for moving to cut electric vehicle (EV) sales targets and accept North Sea drilling at a time of devastating wildfires caused by the climate emergency.

    The prime minister for the first time acknowledged on Friday that the climate crisis was behind hundreds of wildfires that have ripped across the parts of the UK.

    Continue reading...

  • We learn what to fear and reject from those around us. But if disgust can be learned, it can also be unlearned

    Vote for your favourite invertebrate of the year

    It was the summer of 2021 and I was standing in Hyde Park, London, trying to persuade passing tourists to come bug hunting with me. I was working on a campaign to increase public appreciation of invertebrates and, while I adore bugs, this job was teaching me how differently other people see them.

    A woman and her young daughter stopped to chat. Grateful for a few minutes of respite, the woman turned to her phone while the child followed me to a nearby log. We lifted it to reveal one of the largest earthworms I’ve ever seen.

    Voting is open for invertebrate of the year and will close at midnight BST on Sunday 16 August; vote here

    Continue reading...

  • South Queensferry, West Lothian: The Burryman procession is one of Scotland’s most remarkable customs – and a changing of the guard is about to occur

    While the Edinburgh festival grabs the headlines, just 10 miles away, one of Scotland’s most remarkable traditions takes place every August – the Burryman procession.

    In this, part of the Ferry Fair, a local volunteer is covered in thousands of hooked burdock seedheads, which are attached in dense patches like Velcro. He spends up to 10 hours perambulating a seven-mile route around town, accompanied by two attendants, pausing at some 20 stops to collect charitable donations and accepting a libation of unmeasured whisky through a straw. This year’s procession is especially significant, as the identity of the Burryman is changing.

    Continue reading...

  • Delay to rainy season in forest already damaged by human-driven heating could trigger powerful ‘Godzilla’ El Niño

    As a supercharged climate scorches Europe with wildfire and deluges Asia with floods, the Amazon is bracing for a drought that strikes fear into the hearts of forest defenders and food producers alike. But it should worry even more of us.

    Scientists are predicting that the peak of El Niño will occur at the worst possible time for the world’s biggest tropical rainforest: the end of the dry season between October and December, when rivers are at their lowest and undergrowth is most likely to be tinder dry. This will be a period of extreme vulnerability for the forest, which plays a globally important role in stabilising the climate and irrigating crops.

    Continue reading...

  • Marine conservationist says deliberate attack would be ‘act of extreme cruelty’ against endangered population

    Spanish officials have launched an investigation after the matriarch of an orca pod known for jostling and ramming boats off the Iberian Peninsula was spotted with wounds suggesting she had been shot by a pellet gun.

    On Friday, Spain’s environment ministry said Toñi, the oldest living member of the pod, had been seen swimming in the Strait of Gibraltar with markings on her dorsal fin that were “consistent with shots from a pellet gun”.

    Continue reading...

  • More than 50 organisations say PM urgently needs to show leadership and prepare British people for scale of change needed as UK struggles through another heatwave

    The UK’s leading climate organisations have accused the prime minister, Andy Burnham, of “remaining silent” on the climate crisis as the country struggles to cope with its fifth heatwave of the year.

    As widespread droughts and devastating wildfires grip the country, green groups have written to Burnham urging him to “show leadership” and be honest with workers and the public that the climate crisis is driving the extreme conditions they are facing.

    Continue reading...

  • From chefs to paramedics, workers tell the Guardian how they are coping and unions outline the changes needed in the workplace

    In the sweltering kitchen of the Plimsoll pub in north London, the head chef, Joshua Swinney, has a frozen tea towel wrapped around his neck to combat the heat.

    As temperatures exceeded 35C (95F) in the capital, workers who were not lucky enough to be in air-conditioned offices sweltered in the heat.

    Continue reading...

  • Fire has always be part of life on the grasslands, but has grown worse due to rising temperatures and severe droughts. In response, people have turned to their nomadic heritage to help tackle the blazes

    Sodnomjamts Damchaabadgar squats in a shallow, rocky depression, working quietly with his hands. Inches above the rim of the pit, the wind whips across the grasslands. But in the marginal shelter of the dig site the air remains calm – essential for delicate operations.

    Damchaabadgar, a research fellow at the Institute of Archaeology at the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, has erected a ger, a traditional nomad’s tent, nearby, which serves as his sleeping quarters and a field station.

    Two gers stand alone against the vast openness of the steppe in Eastern Mongolia. The ger – often called a yurt outside Mongolia – is a round dwelling designed to be assembled or disassembled in a matter of hours

    Continue reading...

  • The Guardian travelled 100 miles along the EU’s longest river, where some residents are struggling to secure drinking water

    For centuries, the rock was seen as a warning. When it began to emerge from the Danube, beneath Gellért Hill in Budapest, it meant the river had fallen so low that floating mills could no longer operate, crops were probably failing, and hunger would almost certainly follow. That is why, in the Hungarian capital, where over time the boulder became little more than a legend, it was named Ínség-szikla – the Rock of Starvation.

    Today, amid record-low water levels on the Danube, the rock has not only emerged from the water, but surfaced almost in its entirety, along with the sandy riverbed on which it rests, astonishing geologists and government scientists sent to examine it. And, much as the rock was said to warn, Hungary is now facing an unprecedented energy crisis that has forced the country to shut down all but one of its Danube-cooled nuclear reactors for the first time in 44 years.

    Continue reading...

  • Experts say putrid stench shows overhaul of sewers is needed – like the one prompted by the Great Stink of 1858

    London was “reeking with ineffable and intolerable horrors” after weeks of temperatures exceeding 30C and minimal rainfall. This was Disraeli’s description of the Great Stink of 1858, but something similarly disgusting has been happening this summer.

    Once again, an exceptionally hot and dry spell has exposed the putrid stench of untreated human waste.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com