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Prirodna zaštita biljaka

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Zaštita biljaka od gljivičnih oboljenja ili napada štetoćina vrši se iskljućivo sa biljnim srestvima. Bitno je da se biljke prskaju preventivno ili najkasnije kad se uoće prva oboljenja. Plodovi se jasno mogu i odmah jesti nakon prskanja.

Poljska preslica (Equisetum arvense). Poljska preslica (Equisetum arvense). Foto: MPF

BILJNA SREDSTVA ZA PRSKANJE

ČAJ OD POLJSKE PRESLICE (Equisetum arvense)

Taj čaj je jako dobro sredstvo za kontrolu gljivičnih oboljenja. Preslicu treba nabrati koncem ljeta ( 8 mjesec ) kada sadrži najveću količinu silicija te je osušiti na sjenovitom mjestu. Osušenu preslicu možemo upotrjebiti tijekom cijele godine. Čaj se koristi kao antigljivično sredstvo.

Čaj se priprema tako da se 300 grama suhe preslice kuha u 5 litara vode jedan sat na blagoj vatri. Nakon toga ga procjedimo i razrijedimo s još 25 litara vode. Prije upotrebe tekućina mora odstojati još 10 sati. Prilikom razrijeđivanja čaja potrebno ga je mješati oko 10 minuta.

Preporuča se jedno ili više prskanja vočaka nakon kišnog perioda i to prije ili u početku napada gljivičnih oboljenja. Prskati po sunčanom vremenu. Preventivno možemo prskati prema uputama " Mjesečnog sjetvenog kalendara ". Čaj od preslice može se dodavati i u vodi u kanti za zalijevanje , od njega pravimo i kupku za umakanje korjena prije sadnje voćaka. Prskamo po plodovima voćaka , krošnji i stablu.

Voćke prskanjem čajem od preslice dobivaju otpornost na pepelnicu , peronosporu , rđu i druga gljivična oboljenja.

Radi velike efikasnosti i suzbijanja raznih gljivičnih oboljenja farmeri kažu da im nikada nije dosta ove biljke.

Ja ovim čajem prskam lozu i povrće. Navedena kolićina čaja od 30 litara mi je dovoljna za prskanje 400 loza i 400 m2 povrtnjaka.

Stolisnik (achillea millefolium). Foto: Petar Milošević

ČAJ OD STOLISNIKA (Achillea millefolium)

Stolisnik spada u narodnoj medicini među ljekovite biljke jer sadrži mirisnogorka eterična ulja i mnogo minerala. On ima i dezinfekciske osobine. Potiče i pospješuje djelovanje učinaka drugih biljaka te se zbog toga njegov čaj može mješati s drugim čajevima , a posebno to vrijedi za čaj od metvice i kamilice.

U ekovočarstvu koristi se kao sredstvo protiv pepelnice ,truleži plodova i drugih gljivičnih oboljenja.

Priprema se tako da 1 kg svježih listova , stabljika ( 15 cm dužine ) ili 200 grama suhog stolisnika shuhamo u 10 litara vode. To se procjedi i razrijedi s vodom u omjeru 5:1 i prskaju se oboljele voćke. Dodro je prskati preventivno ili čim se bolest primjeti. Najefikasnije je djelovanje ako se naprave čajevi od metvice i kamilice i pomješaju u istim omjerima s čajem od stolisnika.

Kod pojedinih voćaka može se pojaviti osip ( alergija na stolisnik ).U tom slučaju treba napustiti kontak biljkom i čajem od nje.

Ja ovim čajem prskam lozu i povrće. Sami odredite omjere i kolićinu potrebnog čaja.

Kopriva (urtica diocia). Foto: Uwe H. Friese

SREDSTVO ZA PRSKANJE OD KOPRIVE (Urtica dioica)

Upotrebljava se za uništavanje mnogobrojnij lisnih uši , a istovremeno jača biljke,poboljšava im otpornost i gnjoji ih.

Priprema se tako da se 1 kg svježih , isječenih kopriva potopi u 10 litara vode i ostavi 24 sati. Ne duže jer preparat gubi moč. Ako nema svježih kopriva, na istu količinu vode treba uzeti 100 do 200 grama osušenih.Nakon 24 sata tečnost je potrebno procjediti i njome prskati biljke sa svih strana. Postupak se može ponoviti nakon nekoliko dana.Biljni ostaci se kompostiraju.

Važno je napomenuti da sredstvo za prskanje od koprive mora se upotrebiti nakon 24 sata , a nikako nakon 2 – 3 dana jer postaje agresivno i može spržiti biljke.

Ja ovim čajem prskam rijeđe lozu i češće povrće. Sami odredite omjere i kolićinu potrebnog čaja.

Pelin (Artemisia absinthium). Foto: David Monniau

ČAJ OD PELINA (Artemisia absinthium)

Odlikuje se izrazitom gorčinom zbog čega ga izbjegavaju insekti. Priprema se tako da 300 grama predhodno osušenih i usitnjenih grančica pelina ( s listom , a može i s cvijetom ) prelije jednom litrom kipuće vode, ostavi stajati poklopljeno pola sata. Nakon toga se procjedi i doda 9 litara vode i čaj za prskanje je gotov. Čaj od pelina se koristi za zaštitu jagoda i kupina od grinja,protiv lisnih ušiju na svim voćkama , protiv gusjenica , mravi i drugih štetnih insekata.

Biljni ostaci se ne smiju kompostirati.

Ja ovim čajem prskam bob, fažolete , grašak i pomidore preventivno ili kad se pojave lisne uši.

Napomena:

Suha preslica, kopriva, te pelin, stolisnik, metvica i kamilica (sve u suhom stanju) mogu se nabaviti u Splitu u kiosku na tržnici iza starog igrališta Hajduka, svak po cijeni od cca 75 kn za 1 kg.

© Mihovil Stipišić, 2017.

Literatura:

Bašić, Ivan. 2000.g., Ekološko pristup u uzgoju voćaka. Izdavači Ruža i Ivan Bašić, Nova Gradiška.

Bašić, Ivan, 2000.g., Ekološki pristup u zaštiti voćaka. Ruža i Ivan Bašić, Nova Gradiška.

Korisni linkovi:

https://www.agroklub.com/eko-proizvodnja/ekoloski-pripravci-za-zastitu-bilja/11877/

 

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