Mravi i humano rješenje

Objavljeno u Priroda zna bolje!

O mravima i vrstama mrava, uz opis njihovih uloga i kako njih riješiti, ako treba, na human način

Mravi i humano rješenje kookabee, design by Melita Kukac

MRAVI: Prijatelji ili štetočine?

Na svijetu je nevjerojatan broj mrava, raznih vrsta s različitim karakteristikama. Članovi su porodice Formicidae, te potičući iz reda Hymenoptera (opnokrilci) srodni su pčelama i osama. Žive u vrlo organiziranim kolonijama, u mnogim potpuno različitim uvjetima, no pravo mjesto za mrave je na otvorenom. Tamo rade svoja gnijezda pod zemljom ili na drugim odabranim sigurnim mjestima kako bi skladištili hranu i osigurali prostor za razmnožavanje kraljica.

Mravi kao pomagači:

- mravi održavaju okoliš čistim razgrađujući organski otpad, insekte i mrtve životinje

- mnogi mravi sakupljaju i koriste otpad od lišća

- mravi stolari ubrzavaju razgradnju mrtvog i bolesnog drveta

- mravi poboljšavaju drenažu tla: okretanjem i prozračivanjem tla omogućuju da voda i kisik dopru do korijena biljaka; također donose kamenčiće i druge čestice do vrha tla

- mravi poboljšavaju i kemiju tla unoseći svoje zalihe hrane, obogaćujući tlo hranom i izlučevinama; posebno tako povećavaju dušik i fosfor, čime ostavljaju za sobom tlo koje je više-manje pH neutralno

- mnogi mravi raspršuju sjeme na mjesta gdje mogu cvjetati: čuvaju sjeme prenoseći ga u sigurnija staništa bogata hranjivim tvarima gdje su zaštićeni od žderača sjemenja, suše i požara; ljudi mogu sakupljati ta spremišta sjemena kada je to potrebno

- neki mravi štite biljke koje proizvode poseban nektar od drugih insekata koji bi im mogli naštetiti.

- mravi love insekte štetočine i njihova jajašca – uključujući druge mrave, krpelje, termite, škorpione i smrdibube

- mravi tkalci koriste se kao biološka kontrola u uzgoju citrusa, posebno u Kini

- vatreni mravi suzbijaju štetnike na obrađenim poljima

- šumski mravi pomažu u suzbijanju potkornjaka i gusjenica

- u rijetkim slučajevima mravi mogu biti oprašivači, na primjer nekih orhideja

- u nekim dijelovima svijeta ljudi jedu određene vrste mrava

- u nekim se zemljama veliki mravi, kao što su vojnički mravi, koriste umjesto šavova nakon operacija

Mravi kao štetočine
- neki mravi grizu, što može uzrokovati razne reakcije od blage iritacije do ozbiljne alergije, ovisno o vrsti mrava
- neki mravi štite biljne uši i brašnaste stjenice kako bi si osigurali izvor visokoenergetskog cvjetnog meda: zaštićene brašnaste stjenice mogu uzrokovati probleme u uzgoju voća, osobito ananasa

- mravi mogu biti štetni ako se odluče ugnijezditi u zgradi ili nečijem domu

Prirodni predatori

- djetlići i druge ptice koje se hrane kukcima

- određene vrste žaba

- muhe

- određene gljive

- neke gusjenice

- mravojedi, ljuskavci, ješci i numbati

- smeđi medvjedi, koji prvenstveno jedu ličinke i kukuljice mrava stolara

Prirodna sredstva protiv mrava

Higijena je naravno ključna. Kako bi ste spriječili ulazak mrava u dom ili ih istjerali, možete pomiješati bijeli ocat pola-pola s vodom i njime oribati sve površine na kojima su se mravi pojavili.

Mirisi bijelog octa i raznih eteričnih ulja poput paprene metvice, ulja čajevca, ulja cimeta ili ulja nima, učinkovita su sredstva protiv mrava. Vlastiti sprej možete napraviti tako da napunite špricaljku s vodom i dodate žličicu-dvije odabrane tvari te poprskate oko mjesta kuda su mravi ušli. Alternativno, možete namočiti štapiće od vate u sredstvo i postaviti ih oko najezde mrava. NAPOMENA: imajte na umu da su mnoga eterična ulja, posebice ulje paprene metvice i čajevca, otrovna za kućne ljubimce, pa osigurajte da oni ne dođu u kontakt s tim tvarima.

Ostale metode uključuju posipanje taloga kave, papra, kajenskog papra ili cimeta u prahu po putevima mrava ili postavljanje kore citrusa oko njih.

NAPOMENA: Ne preporučujemo ubijanje mrava.

Međutim, za one koje to ipak žele, prirodni insekticidi uključuju boraks, bornu kiselinu, kukuruzno brašno i kremenu zemlju.

NAPOMENA: kremena ili dijatomejska zemlja povezuje se s kožnim alergijskim reakcijama i problemima s plućima kod ljudi.

NADA KOZULIĆ: JEDNO OSOBNO ISKUSTVO

Kako riješiti mrave koji su ušli u prostor bez otrova i bez ubijanja.

Mravi su vrlo korisna stvorenja, ali ne u našoj kući ili stanu. A kad nam „usele“ u stambeni prostor, počinje ogorčena borba kako ih se riješiti, pogotovo ako ne želite ni mrave, a posredno ni sebe, trovati raznim otrovima.

Pred nekoliko godina mravi iz zemlje odlučili se smjestiti u dnu ulaznih vrata, čak su pojeli jedan dio gdje su smjestili maticu i njena jaja. Probala sam različita sredstva (osim otrova) da ih otjeram i da ih usmjerim drugamo, gdje bi stvorili novo stanište.

Na kraju pokušala sam ih se riješiti jednostavnim sredstvom koje ima svatko u kući – alkoholnim octom. Čim su osjetili miris octa počeli su bježati, dobro sam prskala  octom tu „cestu“ kojom su se kretali kao i njihovo stanište. Ponovila sam to idućih 2 – 3 dana i cijelo ljeto bila mirna.

Sljedeće godine, sredinom lipnja opet sam vidjela da su krenuli prema starom staništu, ponovila sam tretman alkoholnim octom i rezultat je bio isti, mravi su nestali. Još sam posipala prahom buhača, za svaki slučaj. Mravi su otišli negdje drugdje gdje ne smetaju.

Informacije sastavili Nada Kozulić, Nicholas Haas i Vivian Grisogono, 2022.

Prijevod: Josip Vlainić

 

Nalazite se ovdje: Home O Udruzi Priroda zna bolje! Mravi i humano rješenje

Novosti: Ekologija.hr

  • Increased heat will supercharge extreme weather events, warns UN agency as Cop31 climate summit begins

    Heat is accumulating in Earth’s systems at an accelerating rate, the UN’s weather agency has reported as the Cop31 climate change summit begins in Turkey, with 2026 on track to be one of the four warmest years on record.

    The imbalance between incoming energy from the sun and energy leaving Earth reached its highest level since monitoring began, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said in its State of the Global Climate update.

    Continue reading...

  • He went to Saudi Arabia to perform the sacred hajj pilgrimage – then the heat came. This is Zirrar Ali’s story

    Location: Mecca, Saudi Arabia

    Disaster: Heatwave, 2024

    After a transformative experience in Iran, Zirrar Ali quit his corporate 9-5job and began travel writing. Seven years later,he and his elderly father were participating in the sacred five-day Muslim pilgrimage, thehajj, when temperatures soared to more than 51C. The climate crisis has already made peak temperatures inMecca about 2C hotter than in preindustrial times.

    Continue reading...

  • Exclusive: Louise Haigh likely to weaken mandate for sales that forms key part of emission reduction plan

    Ministers are expected to make steep cuts to the government’s electric vehicle (EV) targets this week, in a move that will relieve carmakers but alarm many Labour MPs who are worried about the government’s commitment to the green agenda.

    Louise Haigh, the de facto deputy prime minister, will finalise the plan after a crunch meeting in Downing Street on Wednesday to settle a long-running dispute between the transport, energy and business departments.

    Continue reading...

  • Neso issued ‘electricity margin notice’ for gas power plants in Britain to fire up and boost generation this morning amid energy shortfall

    The government body tasked with keeping the lights on issued a rare call for more electricity supplies on Monday morning due to low wind power generation forecasts across Europe.

    A notice issued by the National Energy System Operator (Neso) on Sunday night said it faced a “shortfall” of almost 1,400 megawatts in its electricity supply margins from 6am until 11am on Monday.

    Continue reading...

  • Hexham, Northumberland: Revelations aplenty as we embark on a spider hunt with a man called Fran who knows his arachnids

    We gathered at the bandstand, an elegant Edwardian building in the abbey grounds, all slender ironwork and tented top. Fran Garcia was leading a spider walk and our group of 10 included two children, one of them my granddaughter. Fran is a member of the British Arachnological Society and communicates knowledge with lively humour.

    As an introduction to spiders he explained their anatomy and web building using a bizarre range of items: wire and ropes of varying thicknesses, a bottle of glue, a folding knife to demonstrate tarantula jaws. Then Fran passed around an egg sac from a wasp spider, Argiope bruennichi, a species found in southern England but moving north. Teardrop-shaped and papery, it was subtly marked in grey and beige to blend with grasses.

    Continue reading...

  • Ineos is driving exports with potentially far-reaching environmental and social repercussions

    “My children started getting sick,” says Lois Bower-Bjornson,a campaigner at the Clean Air Council in Washington County, Pennsylvania.

    “My oldest son had rashes all over his body. His ears, his eyelids, everywhere. My youngest had terrible nosebleeds, it was so bad that he became anaemic and would almost pass out. He would wake up bleeding.”

    Continue reading...

  • Naturalists divided over potential impact of proposals to increase number of wild raptors in England and Wales

    White-tailed eagles reintroduced into England and Wales imperil endangered seabird populations and risk wiping out some colonies, ecologists and conservationists are warning.

    Puffins, guillemots, razorbills, fulmars and kittiwakes are among the birds for which breeding populations could collapse if large numbers of white-tailed eagles are released, according to some academics and conservationists.

    Continue reading...

  • Delegates from more than 190 countries are gathering in Turkey for climate talks, but the US will be absent

    As the planet faces unprecedented human-caused global heating, heads of government are meeting for the next fortnight for the latest round of climate talks. We ask why it matters and what is likely to be achieved.

    Continue reading...

  • High-stakes talks involving 190 countries begin on Monday as world grapples with El Niño supercharged by fossil fuels

    The Cop31 summit must produce progress, “a tangible outcome... that people can see is real”, its host has said as scores of world leaders and representatives of close to 190 countries gather in Turkey for the UN climate talks.

    The high-stakes meeting begins on Monday, as countries around the world grapple with the strongest El Niño weather system on record, supercharged by fossil fuels, which is set to take hundreds of thousands of lives and cause damage costing trillions of dollars.

    Continue reading...

  • What are the relationships and dominant interests in play, as the summit kicks off after a bitter row over its hosting?

    Hosting Cop was a key pledge from Australia’s prime minister, Anthony Albanese in 2021, while in opposition, before his successful election campaign. But arcane rules meant the country had to wait its turn to bid and was then embroiled in an angry row with Turkey over the hosting. The final compromise put Australia in charge of the negotiations which will take place in the Turkish city of Antalya. The bitter taste left by the row lingers and Australia has seemed to some a rather half-hearted host. The country’s media has been much quieter on Cop than previous host countries, and although Albanese will speak at the opening of the leaders’ segment, he is unlikely to stay long.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com