Pčele život znače!

Ugledni novinar Mirko Crnčević piše o najnoviji monografiji lovnog odličnika, poznatog novinara i urednika, viteza Austrijskog reda Svetog Huberta Davora Martića i njegovih suradnika. Ta knjiga, ‘Ljekaruše naših starih’, izaziva veliko zanimanje čitalačke publike.

Liječenje za reumatizam Liječenje za reumatizam Foto: Mirko Crnčević
Riječ je o čak 41. Martićevom djelu koje je i ovaj put tiskano u nakladi ‘Dobre kobi’ d.o.o. i Pučkog otvorenog učilišta ‘Capreolus’ iz Splita, a budući da se radilo o veoma zahtjevnom projektu na njemu je radio čitav tim spomenutog učilišta.
Davor Martić. Privatni album

Među suradnicima ističu se: Perica Tucak, Julka Ćuk, Ante Udovičić, Iva KučinićRadošević i Mirko Crnčević. Izvrstan tekstualni dio popraćen je nizom izvornih (i prekrasnih) fotografija, uglavnom s dalmatinskog krša i Gorskoga kotara, a kao autori navode se: RadoslavBekavac, Mirko Crnčević, Vivian Grisogono, Paul Jedriško, Ratko Kovačević, Vilma Matulić, Romeo Mance, Mario Todorić…, a dijelom su i iz bogate arhive učilišta. 

Pa zašto je zapravo knjiga toliko vrijedna i zanimljiva najbolje pojašnjava sam Martić. On kaže da su mnoge ‘ljekaruše’, iako je po srijedi nematerijalna kulturna baština u Hrvata, sve do danas u potpunosti neistražene, a neke još uvijek čekaju da ih se otkrije i objelodani. I potom dodaje da je to prava šteta jer su one ustvari spoj spravljenih narodnih lijekova od pojedinih fragmenata divljači, ali i biljaka, među kojima su neke veoma rijetke, ali zato učinkovite za liječenje ili ublažavanje pojedinih vrsta bolesti.

Pćela na lantani. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Tradicija liječenja zdravom hranom poznata je i prakticirala se još od davnih vremena pa sve do danas. O tome svakako svjedoči izreka starogrčkog liječnika Hipokrata (460. – 377. prije Krista) ‘Neka tvoja hrana bude lijek, a tvoj lijek neka bude hrana’, a iz novijeg doba valja spomenuti onu prirodoslovca Umberta Girometta (Split, 1883. – 1939.) koji je rekao ‘Bijednik je onaj kojemu životinje, bilje i rude ne govore, koji njihov jezik ne sluša niti proučava’. Dakle, i kod nas su se, u Lijepoj Našoj, ljudi od davnina bavili pripravcima lijekova prema stoljetnim narodnim predajama, napose franjevci, ali i otočani, pa i mnogi drugi.

Pćela na bršljanu. Foto: Vivian Grisogono
Liječenje zdravom hranom, a to je prije svega divljač(ina), kao i mnogi pučki recepti koji su pripravljeni upravo od divljači i njenih dijelova, osnovica su ove knjige. No, s druge strane liječenje biljem, poznato i kao fitoterapija (herbalizam), najstarija je vrsta medicine. Primjerice samo u našoj zemlji iskorištava se oko 500 vrsta ljekovitog bilja, od kojih 160 do 170 čine autohtone biljke, s čim se onda sasvim logično najneposrednije povezuju pčele i pčelinji proizvodi koji su ujedno ukusna hrana, pa i koristan lijek.
Mirko Crnčević

Budući da sam upravo na tu temu još ranije objavio desetine zapaženih članaka rado sam se odazvao pozivu gospodina Martića da i sam (tekstovima i fotografijama) sudjelujem u njegovom projektu. Stoga ću ovdje barem dijelom navesti ono što monografija donosi o dobrobiti pčela i meda kao najčešće korištenog sastojka životinjskog porijekla za ljudsko zdravlje:

▪ Kao osnovna sredstva za pripremanje ljekovitih pripravaka dugo su se kroz povijest upotrebljavala sredstva iz domaćinstva (mlijeko, med, ocat, brašno, ječam, sol i dr.) ili neposredne okolice,

▪ Od lijekova životinjskog porijekla najčešći su: med, masti (puhova, ježeva, pačja, gušća, svinjska, zečja, itd.), svježi sir, čitave životinje ili njihovi dijelovi i urin,

▪ Razno ljekovito i aromatično bilje (anis, komorač, pčelinja i paprena metvica, ružmarin, kadulja, lavanda i dr.) sadilo se i u seoskim vrtovima i na oranicama,

▪ U prvoj tiskanoj medicinskoj knjizi na hrvatskom jeziku ‘Cvit likarije’ franjevca Emerika Pavića (1768.) nalaze se različiti opisi ljekovitog bilja, minerala i životinjskih tkiva te njihova primjena u liječenju raznih tegoba i bolesti,

▪ Recept za liječenje reumatizma po ljekaruši fra Jakova Bartulovića: Pusti nekoliko pčela na bolesno mjesto, da /ujdu/ žalac zabodu. Tako činiti 6 dan. Dobro je,

Bumbar. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

 ▪ U istoj ljekaruši se za zdravlje zuba sugerira: Uzmi glavu zeca, izvadi mozak smišaj malo meda i masla te sotim maži često čeljuste,

▪ Neven za rak-ranu: Donje se lišće pobere i medom namaže te privija na s dvornji vidljivi rak; dok iznutarnji svare s uljem i medom te pije po bićerin ili malu kikaricu od crne kafe. Ovako upotrebljavaju u kninskoj okolici,

▪ Drugi svezak Dioscoridovog djela ‘De materia medica’ (1555.) uz životinjske proizvode kao što su med, mlijeko i masti obuhvaća žitarice, povrće, bilje i začine,

▪ Kao popularnu ljekovitu deliciju on spominje zmiju pečenu sa soli, medom, smokvama i nardom pripremljenu kao juha,

▪ Jedan od recepata za rješavanje bradavica fra Dobroslava Božića (1878.) glasi: Iztuci brabonjak ovčji, zakuhaj medom i maži. A koga bole oči: Uzmi pelina iztuci, izažmi oni sok, smišaj s medom i žumancom od jaja i maži oči…

Pčela na sljezu. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Naravno, ima još toga, ali zbog ograničenosti prostora ovdje ne možemo sve preporuke navesti. Uglavnom trebamo zapamtiti ono što je svojedobno rekao veliki Albert Einstein ‘Nestanu li pčele sa Zemlje. Čovjeku kao vrsti preostaju još samo četiri godine života!’ i zato se kao društvo trebamo najozbiljnije okrenuti unapređenju pčelarstva, jer je Hrvatska naprosto ‘tvornica ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja pod vedrim nebom’, a različiti medovi, propolis, matična mliječ, pčelinji vosak i pčelinji otrov svakako će nam dobro doći zbog svojih nutritivnih i ljekovitih svojstva u različitim varijantama.

Mali medokušci iz Jelse na Hvaru: s lijeva na desno Viggo, Nina i Stipe. Foto: Mirko Crnčević

Knjiga Davora Martića i njegovih suradnika, koju je grafički oblikovao svjetski dizajnerski velemajstor Danijel Popović, a na kompoziciji teksta i fotografija radila Julka Ćuk, zasigurno će nam dobro doći ili kao nauk, ili kao sjećanje na neke davne, prošle godine i vremena. Ljubitelji stihova u njoj će pronaći i pjesmu ‘Mator i kuogo maslinor’ istaknute čakavske pjesnikinje i spisateljice Marice Buratović iz Staroga Grada – Farosa, koju je posvetila gospodinu Ratku Kovačeviću i jestivom motaru poznatom još i kao biljka Svetog Petra, koja se u Dalmaciji itekako koristila kao način prevencije od skorbuta, dakle, česte bolesti mornara uzrokovane nedostatkom vitamina C. Pa eto, uzmite je u ruku i pročitajte – uistinu je zanimljiva!

© Mirko Crnčević / 'Hrvatske pčele' 2025.

Napomena: knjiga se može naručiti u Pučkom otvorenom učilištu 'Capreolus'.

 

Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Pčele život znače!

Novosti: Ekologija.hr

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Novosti: Biologija.com