Pčele život znače!

Ugledni novinar Mirko Crnčević piše o najnoviji monografiji lovnog odličnika, poznatog novinara i urednika, viteza Austrijskog reda Svetog Huberta Davora Martića i njegovih suradnika. Ta knjiga, ‘Ljekaruše naših starih’, izaziva veliko zanimanje čitalačke publike.

Liječenje za reumatizam Liječenje za reumatizam Foto: Mirko Crnčević
Riječ je o čak 41. Martićevom djelu koje je i ovaj put tiskano u nakladi ‘Dobre kobi’ d.o.o. i Pučkog otvorenog učilišta ‘Capreolus’ iz Splita, a budući da se radilo o veoma zahtjevnom projektu na njemu je radio čitav tim spomenutog učilišta.
Davor Martić. Privatni album

Među suradnicima ističu se: Perica Tucak, Julka Ćuk, Ante Udovičić, Iva KučinićRadošević i Mirko Crnčević. Izvrstan tekstualni dio popraćen je nizom izvornih (i prekrasnih) fotografija, uglavnom s dalmatinskog krša i Gorskoga kotara, a kao autori navode se: RadoslavBekavac, Mirko Crnčević, Vivian Grisogono, Paul Jedriško, Ratko Kovačević, Vilma Matulić, Romeo Mance, Mario Todorić…, a dijelom su i iz bogate arhive učilišta. 

Pa zašto je zapravo knjiga toliko vrijedna i zanimljiva najbolje pojašnjava sam Martić. On kaže da su mnoge ‘ljekaruše’, iako je po srijedi nematerijalna kulturna baština u Hrvata, sve do danas u potpunosti neistražene, a neke još uvijek čekaju da ih se otkrije i objelodani. I potom dodaje da je to prava šteta jer su one ustvari spoj spravljenih narodnih lijekova od pojedinih fragmenata divljači, ali i biljaka, među kojima su neke veoma rijetke, ali zato učinkovite za liječenje ili ublažavanje pojedinih vrsta bolesti.

Pćela na lantani. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Tradicija liječenja zdravom hranom poznata je i prakticirala se još od davnih vremena pa sve do danas. O tome svakako svjedoči izreka starogrčkog liječnika Hipokrata (460. – 377. prije Krista) ‘Neka tvoja hrana bude lijek, a tvoj lijek neka bude hrana’, a iz novijeg doba valja spomenuti onu prirodoslovca Umberta Girometta (Split, 1883. – 1939.) koji je rekao ‘Bijednik je onaj kojemu životinje, bilje i rude ne govore, koji njihov jezik ne sluša niti proučava’. Dakle, i kod nas su se, u Lijepoj Našoj, ljudi od davnina bavili pripravcima lijekova prema stoljetnim narodnim predajama, napose franjevci, ali i otočani, pa i mnogi drugi.

Pćela na bršljanu. Foto: Vivian Grisogono
Liječenje zdravom hranom, a to je prije svega divljač(ina), kao i mnogi pučki recepti koji su pripravljeni upravo od divljači i njenih dijelova, osnovica su ove knjige. No, s druge strane liječenje biljem, poznato i kao fitoterapija (herbalizam), najstarija je vrsta medicine. Primjerice samo u našoj zemlji iskorištava se oko 500 vrsta ljekovitog bilja, od kojih 160 do 170 čine autohtone biljke, s čim se onda sasvim logično najneposrednije povezuju pčele i pčelinji proizvodi koji su ujedno ukusna hrana, pa i koristan lijek.
Mirko Crnčević

Budući da sam upravo na tu temu još ranije objavio desetine zapaženih članaka rado sam se odazvao pozivu gospodina Martića da i sam (tekstovima i fotografijama) sudjelujem u njegovom projektu. Stoga ću ovdje barem dijelom navesti ono što monografija donosi o dobrobiti pčela i meda kao najčešće korištenog sastojka životinjskog porijekla za ljudsko zdravlje:

▪ Kao osnovna sredstva za pripremanje ljekovitih pripravaka dugo su se kroz povijest upotrebljavala sredstva iz domaćinstva (mlijeko, med, ocat, brašno, ječam, sol i dr.) ili neposredne okolice,

▪ Od lijekova životinjskog porijekla najčešći su: med, masti (puhova, ježeva, pačja, gušća, svinjska, zečja, itd.), svježi sir, čitave životinje ili njihovi dijelovi i urin,

▪ Razno ljekovito i aromatično bilje (anis, komorač, pčelinja i paprena metvica, ružmarin, kadulja, lavanda i dr.) sadilo se i u seoskim vrtovima i na oranicama,

▪ U prvoj tiskanoj medicinskoj knjizi na hrvatskom jeziku ‘Cvit likarije’ franjevca Emerika Pavića (1768.) nalaze se različiti opisi ljekovitog bilja, minerala i životinjskih tkiva te njihova primjena u liječenju raznih tegoba i bolesti,

▪ Recept za liječenje reumatizma po ljekaruši fra Jakova Bartulovića: Pusti nekoliko pčela na bolesno mjesto, da /ujdu/ žalac zabodu. Tako činiti 6 dan. Dobro je,

Bumbar. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

 ▪ U istoj ljekaruši se za zdravlje zuba sugerira: Uzmi glavu zeca, izvadi mozak smišaj malo meda i masla te sotim maži često čeljuste,

▪ Neven za rak-ranu: Donje se lišće pobere i medom namaže te privija na s dvornji vidljivi rak; dok iznutarnji svare s uljem i medom te pije po bićerin ili malu kikaricu od crne kafe. Ovako upotrebljavaju u kninskoj okolici,

▪ Drugi svezak Dioscoridovog djela ‘De materia medica’ (1555.) uz životinjske proizvode kao što su med, mlijeko i masti obuhvaća žitarice, povrće, bilje i začine,

▪ Kao popularnu ljekovitu deliciju on spominje zmiju pečenu sa soli, medom, smokvama i nardom pripremljenu kao juha,

▪ Jedan od recepata za rješavanje bradavica fra Dobroslava Božića (1878.) glasi: Iztuci brabonjak ovčji, zakuhaj medom i maži. A koga bole oči: Uzmi pelina iztuci, izažmi oni sok, smišaj s medom i žumancom od jaja i maži oči…

Pčela na sljezu. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Naravno, ima još toga, ali zbog ograničenosti prostora ovdje ne možemo sve preporuke navesti. Uglavnom trebamo zapamtiti ono što je svojedobno rekao veliki Albert Einstein ‘Nestanu li pčele sa Zemlje. Čovjeku kao vrsti preostaju još samo četiri godine života!’ i zato se kao društvo trebamo najozbiljnije okrenuti unapređenju pčelarstva, jer je Hrvatska naprosto ‘tvornica ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja pod vedrim nebom’, a različiti medovi, propolis, matična mliječ, pčelinji vosak i pčelinji otrov svakako će nam dobro doći zbog svojih nutritivnih i ljekovitih svojstva u različitim varijantama.

Mali medokušci iz Jelse na Hvaru: s lijeva na desno Viggo, Nina i Stipe. Foto: Mirko Crnčević

Knjiga Davora Martića i njegovih suradnika, koju je grafički oblikovao svjetski dizajnerski velemajstor Danijel Popović, a na kompoziciji teksta i fotografija radila Julka Ćuk, zasigurno će nam dobro doći ili kao nauk, ili kao sjećanje na neke davne, prošle godine i vremena. Ljubitelji stihova u njoj će pronaći i pjesmu ‘Mator i kuogo maslinor’ istaknute čakavske pjesnikinje i spisateljice Marice Buratović iz Staroga Grada – Farosa, koju je posvetila gospodinu Ratku Kovačeviću i jestivom motaru poznatom još i kao biljka Svetog Petra, koja se u Dalmaciji itekako koristila kao način prevencije od skorbuta, dakle, česte bolesti mornara uzrokovane nedostatkom vitamina C. Pa eto, uzmite je u ruku i pročitajte – uistinu je zanimljiva!

© Mirko Crnčević / 'Hrvatske pčele' 2025.

Napomena: knjiga se može naručiti u Pučkom otvorenom učilištu 'Capreolus'.

 

Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Pčele život znače!

Novosti: Ekologija.hr

  • As NHS told to prepare for extreme weather, strain also felt in other areas including transport and farming

    The NHS has been told it must become more resilient to increasingly frequent heatwaves supercharged by the climate crisis, as the UK government puts adaptation to extreme heat high on its agenda. But what other public services are already feeling the strain?

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  • The beady-eyed, Pokémon-like leaf sheep is far more ingenious than us land mammals

    A neon green punk sheep that lives underwater. A solar-powered slug that can perform photosynthesis. If you are seeking beauty, brains and a wonderfully innovative lifestyle, then vote leaf sheep.

    The leaf or sea sheep, Costasiella kuroshimae, is a sea slug about the size of a grain of rice. Like a sheep, it grazes on green stuff – certain species of algae, which it finds in tropical waters around Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines. But its sheepy nickname does it a disservice because it is far more ingenious than us land mammals.

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  • UN forecasters warn of worsening conditions in 45 countries currently experiencing severe food insecurity

    About 50 million people are likely to be pushed into acute hunger before the end of next year by the rapidly developing El Niño weather system, according to forecasting.

    This is in addition to the hundreds of millions of people already facing dangerous levels of hunger, owing to years of drought in parts of Africa and pressure on food prices from the war in Iran.

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  • South Devon: On holiday in deeply familiar places, we swim fully clothed, snack on overhanging cherries and see the fallen Teignmouth pier

    The West Country unrolls down the M4, then M5, under the kind of vintage-yellow hue produced by 35mm camera film where the light’s leaked in. Many fields have been harvested as early as we’ve ever witnessed on this deeply familiar route. Burnt black patches remind us just how flammable the countryside is.

    We are exploring places we’ve only passed through before, via a farm-stay in a shepherd’s hut at West Town Farm, Ide. Our parking instructions urge us to allow the farmer to pass in her tractor. The gender reveal is so refreshing I want to cheer. Tenant Kate Sharp farms Hereford-cross beef cattle, Devon closewool and Exmoor horn sheep, as well as some lively Oxford sandy and black pigs, red as the Devon soil itself.

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  • Changing paved areas to grass and planting trees can reduce urban heat island effect by as much as 1C, study shows

    Add together all the UK’s household gardens and they cover an area three times larger than all the country’s nature reserves combined. But as the demand for car parking increases, many front gardens are being paved over, with research showing that this loss of green is adding to the urban heat island effect, particularly at night.

    In 2005, about 7.5% of the UK’s front gardens were paved; by 2025 that had risen to 55%, according to Royal Horticultural Society estimates. Those hard surfaces absorb heat during the day and then slowly release the heat overnight. By contrast, leafy green gardens release moisture into the atmosphere, which helps to cool the air as the water evaporates.

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  • Iran conflict windfall over three months reignites calls for companies ‘cashing in on human misery’ to pay for environmental damage

    Eight of the biggest oil companies amassed profits of more than $90bn (£67bn) in just three months as the Iran conflict sent energy prices soaring and the emissions-fuelled climate crisis caused deadly heatwaves.

    The windfall war profits have reignited calls for oil and gas supermajors such as Saudi Aramco and BP to pay for the environmental damage caused by “cashing in on human misery” and fund a rapid transition to renewable energy.

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  • Farmers advised to vaccinate after recent hot weather provides ideal conditions for virus-carrying midges

    There has been an alarming surge in the number of sheep affected by an outbreak of bluetongue in the UK, and farmers whose livestock are at risk are being urged to move them out of areas where midges are plentiful.

    The viral disease, which does not necessarily kill sheep but makes them ill and can have a long recovery time, presents as high fever and swelling of the lips and tongue. The tongue may go blue and even protrude from the mouth.

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  • This week, we launched our third annual vote to honour nature’s unsung heroes. The Guardian’s natural history writer – and woodlouse fanboy – Patrick Barkham answered your questions

    Narethosyne asks: It’s often said that insects will outlast humanity, as they’ve managed to survive in some very inhospitable environments for millions of years. Do you think that human stupidity might actually be able to kill even the hardiest of insects off if we don’t take better care of our planet?

    Patrick:

    I agree we need to take much better care of the planet. However the more I learn of other invertebrate life (and I don’t know much), the more I believe that other species will survive whatever toxic horrors we unleash upon the planet. It seems more likely that we will become extinct before many other species.

    We are such a strange species, so capable of goodness and so easily moved to argument and greed, but I still think we can learn to think and act for the long-term. There is a big awakening of eco-consciousness in the global north and perhaps we can belatedly re-learn the wisdom of many indigenous peoples who have lived in better balance with their fellow species.

    Thanks Sprockertime, I love your question. The answer is yes!

    I’ve done all kinds of fancy things for wildlife in my garden (filling in a “sunken garden” with five tonnes of chalk raised a few eyebrows in my neighbourhood) and I salute everyone who has erected bird boxes and bug hotels.

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  • Cristian Lucañas has discovered multiple species of cockroach in the Philippines, and believes there’s far more to the much-maligned insect than meets the eye

    When Cristian Lucañas tells people about his job, their response is normally a mix of shock and confusion. “The majority would actually be questioning why,” says Lucañas, 32, who is the only entomologist specialising in cockroaches in the Philippines, where he is known as the “Cockroach Lord”.

    He recalls one person, apparently perplexed at the insects’ existence, asking simply: “Did God create cockroaches?” Others seek advice on how best to kill them.

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  • Scientists find ruminants emit more of greenhouse gas individually than cows, although total contribution tiny compared with domesticated livestock

    When cows belch and fart they release methane, which is warming the planet, but how does this compare with the digestive gases emitted by wild animals? A new study shows that deer add the greatest amount of methane to the atmosphere, but compared with domesticated livestock their total contribution is minuscule.

    Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, which has been rising rapidly in recent years, but it is hard to pin down exactly where it is coming from. Like domesticated cows, wild ruminants such as deer, moose and llamas rely on bacteria to help them break down the fibrous plants they eat, releasing methane as they go. To understand how much methane wild ruminants release, Theresia Yazbeck, from the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany, and colleagues used recent estimates of global wild animal populations and combined these with methane emission estimates based on body mass and diet.

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Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com