Jelšansko drveće i njihova povijest

Drveće koje krasi Jelsu tijekom vremena obliježilo je značajne promjene u jelšanskoj kulturi i odnosu mještana prema okolišu. Vito Gospodnetić predani je zaštitnik dragocjenih prirodnih, kulturnih i povijesnih resursa Jelse.

Nekadašnja vremena, zelenilo u Jelsi viđeno iz zraka Nekadašnja vremena, zelenilo u Jelsi viđeno iz zraka

Nakon našeg zanimljivog razgovora, u kojem je Vito opisao drveće koje je nekada krasilo mjesto, ljubazno je ustupio slike koje pokazuju brojne promjene koje su se tijekom vremena dogodile.

Tamarisi na rivi. Stara razglednica

Nekada su u Jelsi rasli tamarisi (latinski tamarix dalmatica) kojih je najviše bilo na rivi gdje su posađeni 1952. godine kao zaštita od bure na Pjaci.

Tamarisi na rivi. Stara razglednica

Riva u veloj bandi bila je vrtna površina uređena kao niz obrađenih površina koje su između ceste i obale bile odvojene uskim stazama. U svakom malom vrtu tamarisi su bili okruženi drugim biljkama, uključujući i pitosporu (Pittosporum tobira na latinskom, mirta na otočkom dialektu). Na obali ispod svakog tamarisa bile su klupe na kojima su ljudi tijekom vručih ljeta mogli uživati u hladu.

Uživanje u hladu. Iz privatne zbirke Lade Gamulin

 Na Pjaci rasla je jedna impozantna lipa (tilia na latinskom).

Lipa na Pjaci. Stara razglednica

Ispred Pjace bile su dvije murve (ili dud na hrvatskom, morus na latinskom).

Murve ispred Pjace. Stara razglednica

U glavnom jelšanskom parku bilo je nekoliko velikih platana (platanus na latinskom), koje su vidljive na fotografiji iza spomenika Niki Dubokoviću.

Platani iza spomenika. Stara razglednica

Ispred Vitine kuće na rivi rasla je jedna paulovnija (Paulownia imperialis ili Paulownia tormentosa na latinskom), vrlo rijetko drvo za koje se govorilo da je porijeklom iz Kine, ali nitko od Vitinih predaka nije znao reći kako je ona dospjela u Jelsu.

Paulovnija. Stara razglednica

Područje zvano Burkovo, na sjevernoj strani luke, imalo je početkom 20. stoljeća vrlo malo drveća.

Burkovo gotovo bez drveća. Stara razglednica

Područje zvano Gradina, gdje se nalazi jelšansko groblje, također gotovo da nije imalo drveća.

Gradina bez drveća. Stara razglednica

Danas se u području oko groblja nalazi lijepa borova šuma, a i područja Burkova danas obiluje drvećem. Kada je Vito na Facebooku objavio ove povijesne fotografije, lokalno stanovništvo je odgovorilo svojim sjećanjima. Davor Trumbić prisjetio se da je sadnja drveća u oba područja bila inicijativa njegovog djeda, koji je, kao ravnatelj škole u Jelsi, vodio svoje učenike u akciju sadnje borova, koji danas krase taj kraj. Bio je to neprocjenjivo vrijedan ekološki projekt.

Gradina nekad i sada

Prema Vitinom saznanju, Jelšani su najviše bili ponosni na aleju jablana (latinski populus) duž Strossmayerovog šetališta.

Aleja jablana. Stara razglednica

Kad su prvi puta jablani trebali biti posjećeni, Jelšani su negodovali i u narodu je ispjevana pjesma O jablane moj visoki kao apel za spašavanje jablana od ideje da ih se poreže. Ne znamo da li je ona zaustavila sječu, ali činjenica je da tada jablani nisu bili posjećeni. Tekst i melodiju pjesme zapisao je Antun Dobronić, a prvi je put pjesma snimila Klapa Jelsa na CD-u 'Sjećanja' s melografskim zapisima Antuna Dobronića i pjevala na Omiškom festivalu 2004. godine. Danas se taj napjev smatra standardom klapskog pjevanja, naprimjer u izvedbi ženske Klape Orca: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1397718910243202O,

 O jablane moj visoki
O jablane moj visoki
Nećemo ti lomit grane
Jer ćeš biti dika naša
Dika naša svih Jelšana.
Pod tobon je lipa hlada
Di se šeće moja draga.
Primaliće kada dođe
I kad jablan zazeleni
Viru ću joj svoju dati
Jubit ću je pod jablanon.

Jablani su bili u drvoredu na Strossmayerovu šetalištu, a neki čempresi (latinski cupressus) su još uvijek aleja na pazaru. Za Jelšane interesantno je da je aleja jablana s alejom čempresa činila znak križa i to u pravom omjeru veličina. Dali je to bilo slučajno ili ne teško je reći. Nažalost, jablani su mnogo godina kasnije ipak posjećeni, dio čempresa ispred Ribole je pred par godina također posjećen, a i ostatku čempresa ne ukazuje se blistava budućnost.

Jablani i čempresi. Stara razglednica

Navodno je negdje na jelšanskoj rivi, prema Kronici kapetana Nike Dubokovića, koji je bio gradonačelnik Jelse 44 godine, od 1868. do svoje smrti 1912., bio zasađen montpellierski javor (latinski acer monspessulanum, hrvatski makljen ili šestilj). Međutim, nitko nije mogao reći gdje se nalazio, a i ne pojavljuje se ni na jednoj od dostupnih arhivskih fotografija.

Drveće je iz mnogo razloga vitalno bogatstvo u okolišu. Osim nevidljive, ali neprocjenjive koristi pružanja kisika i čistog zraka, može biti i izvor hrane, građevinskog materijala pa i goriva. Treba ga znati njegovati i cijeniti. Drveće se može izgubiti iz raznih razloga, a moderni trend urbanog širenja doveo je do uništenja mnogih šumskih površina na otoku Hvaru. Međutim, povremeno se pojavljuju hvalevrijedne inicijative za ponovnu sadnju, poput projekta 'Ubodi bor' od prije nekoliko godina.

Ove godine posađeno je nekoliko stabala na području Jelse, u zajedničkom projektu Općine Jelsa, Ministarstva turizma i sporta te Hrvatske turističke zajednice, pod sloganom 'Hrvatska, prirodno vaša'. Iako su sredstva bila kritično ograničena, izbor stabala, tamarisa i jednog šipka, bio je ugodan korak u pravom smjeru.

© Vivian Grisogono MA(Oxon) 2025

Zahvala: Vrlo smo zahvalni Viti Gospodnetiću što je s nama podijelio svoje znanje, iskustvo i arhivski materijal. Od 1972. do 2010. radio je kao ton majstor Hrvatskog radija. Autor je i ton majstor mnogih dokumentarnih radio drama i fičera od kojih su neke prevedene na njemački, švedski i finski jezik, te izvođene u programima stranih radio stanica. Čovjek pun energije, neumorno je stvarao kako bi prenio magiju i misterij zvuka najširoj mogućoj publici. Za svoj rad primio je nagrade: Prix Futura, Berlin (1979., UNESCO Special Prize, 1981. Grand Prix, 1983. specijalna nagrada, 1993. specijalna nagrada), Nedjelja Radija, Grand Prix – figura Euterpa, Ohrid (1979.), Nagrada Radio Zagreba (1981.), Taktons, Velika zlatna nagrada, Novi Sad (1983.), Marulovi dani, specijalna nagrada, Split (1992., 1993.), Marulićevi dani, Grand Prix za dokumentarnu dramu, Hvar (1996.). Osnovao je tvrtku Samofix i pripadajući zvučni studio.

Njegova stručnost nije samo tehnička: u sve svoje projekte unosi inventivan, umjetnički i inovativan impuls te je zaslužio te brojne nagrade koje je osvojio tijekom karijere. Njegova audio knjiga zvučnih pejzaža „Od kapi do slapa dvadesetminutni je izlet u inače malo poznati svijet koje kapljice vode stvaraju od svog nastanka u krškim špiljama kroz razvoj u potok, rječicu, a zatim rijeku koja se ulijeva u Plitvička jezera s njihovim poznatim kaskadnim slapovima. Osim što demonstrira Vitinu tehničku vještinu, ovaj zvučni pejzaž je umirujući i opuštajući, savršen protuotrov stresu našeg modernog svijeta.

„Od kapi do slapa”; Autor: Vito Gospodnetić; Nakladnik: Audio Store Transonica; Izdanje: Zagreb, 2022. ISBN 978-953-8329-28-9; Trajanje: 0h 20min; žanr: soundscape; Book & Zvook cijena: 5.99€ (45.13kn)

Zvučni uzorak: https://api.bookzvook.com/api/web/v1/audiobooks/3faec0fc-513f-45e7-880b-8a9bfc22abdb/downloadSample

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