Mravi i humano rješenje

Objavljeno u Priroda zna bolje!

O mravima i vrstama mrava, uz opis njihovih uloga i kako njih riješiti, ako treba, na human način

Mravi i humano rješenje kookabee, design by Melita Kukac

MRAVI: Prijatelji ili štetočine?

Na svijetu je nevjerojatan broj mrava, raznih vrsta s različitim karakteristikama. Članovi su porodice Formicidae, te potičući iz reda Hymenoptera (opnokrilci) srodni su pčelama i osama. Žive u vrlo organiziranim kolonijama, u mnogim potpuno različitim uvjetima, no pravo mjesto za mrave je na otvorenom. Tamo rade svoja gnijezda pod zemljom ili na drugim odabranim sigurnim mjestima kako bi skladištili hranu i osigurali prostor za razmnožavanje kraljica.

Mravi kao pomagači:

- mravi održavaju okoliš čistim razgrađujući organski otpad, insekte i mrtve životinje

- mnogi mravi sakupljaju i koriste otpad od lišća

- mravi stolari ubrzavaju razgradnju mrtvog i bolesnog drveta

- mravi poboljšavaju drenažu tla: okretanjem i prozračivanjem tla omogućuju da voda i kisik dopru do korijena biljaka; također donose kamenčiće i druge čestice do vrha tla

- mravi poboljšavaju i kemiju tla unoseći svoje zalihe hrane, obogaćujući tlo hranom i izlučevinama; posebno tako povećavaju dušik i fosfor, čime ostavljaju za sobom tlo koje je više-manje pH neutralno

- mnogi mravi raspršuju sjeme na mjesta gdje mogu cvjetati: čuvaju sjeme prenoseći ga u sigurnija staništa bogata hranjivim tvarima gdje su zaštićeni od žderača sjemenja, suše i požara; ljudi mogu sakupljati ta spremišta sjemena kada je to potrebno

- neki mravi štite biljke koje proizvode poseban nektar od drugih insekata koji bi im mogli naštetiti.

- mravi love insekte štetočine i njihova jajašca – uključujući druge mrave, krpelje, termite, škorpione i smrdibube

- mravi tkalci koriste se kao biološka kontrola u uzgoju citrusa, posebno u Kini

- vatreni mravi suzbijaju štetnike na obrađenim poljima

- šumski mravi pomažu u suzbijanju potkornjaka i gusjenica

- u rijetkim slučajevima mravi mogu biti oprašivači, na primjer nekih orhideja

- u nekim dijelovima svijeta ljudi jedu određene vrste mrava

- u nekim se zemljama veliki mravi, kao što su vojnički mravi, koriste umjesto šavova nakon operacija

Mravi kao štetočine
- neki mravi grizu, što može uzrokovati razne reakcije od blage iritacije do ozbiljne alergije, ovisno o vrsti mrava
- neki mravi štite biljne uši i brašnaste stjenice kako bi si osigurali izvor visokoenergetskog cvjetnog meda: zaštićene brašnaste stjenice mogu uzrokovati probleme u uzgoju voća, osobito ananasa

- mravi mogu biti štetni ako se odluče ugnijezditi u zgradi ili nečijem domu

Prirodni predatori

- djetlići i druge ptice koje se hrane kukcima

- određene vrste žaba

- muhe

- određene gljive

- neke gusjenice

- mravojedi, ljuskavci, ješci i numbati

- smeđi medvjedi, koji prvenstveno jedu ličinke i kukuljice mrava stolara

Prirodna sredstva protiv mrava

Higijena je naravno ključna. Kako bi ste spriječili ulazak mrava u dom ili ih istjerali, možete pomiješati bijeli ocat pola-pola s vodom i njime oribati sve površine na kojima su se mravi pojavili.

Mirisi bijelog octa i raznih eteričnih ulja poput paprene metvice, ulja čajevca, ulja cimeta ili ulja nima, učinkovita su sredstva protiv mrava. Vlastiti sprej možete napraviti tako da napunite špricaljku s vodom i dodate žličicu-dvije odabrane tvari te poprskate oko mjesta kuda su mravi ušli. Alternativno, možete namočiti štapiće od vate u sredstvo i postaviti ih oko najezde mrava. NAPOMENA: imajte na umu da su mnoga eterična ulja, posebice ulje paprene metvice i čajevca, otrovna za kućne ljubimce, pa osigurajte da oni ne dođu u kontakt s tim tvarima.

Ostale metode uključuju posipanje taloga kave, papra, kajenskog papra ili cimeta u prahu po putevima mrava ili postavljanje kore citrusa oko njih.

NAPOMENA: Ne preporučujemo ubijanje mrava.

Međutim, za one koje to ipak žele, prirodni insekticidi uključuju boraks, bornu kiselinu, kukuruzno brašno i kremenu zemlju.

NAPOMENA: kremena ili dijatomejska zemlja povezuje se s kožnim alergijskim reakcijama i problemima s plućima kod ljudi.

NADA KOZULIĆ: JEDNO OSOBNO ISKUSTVO

Kako riješiti mrave koji su ušli u prostor bez otrova i bez ubijanja.

Mravi su vrlo korisna stvorenja, ali ne u našoj kući ili stanu. A kad nam „usele“ u stambeni prostor, počinje ogorčena borba kako ih se riješiti, pogotovo ako ne želite ni mrave, a posredno ni sebe, trovati raznim otrovima.

Pred nekoliko godina mravi iz zemlje odlučili se smjestiti u dnu ulaznih vrata, čak su pojeli jedan dio gdje su smjestili maticu i njena jaja. Probala sam različita sredstva (osim otrova) da ih otjeram i da ih usmjerim drugamo, gdje bi stvorili novo stanište.

Na kraju pokušala sam ih se riješiti jednostavnim sredstvom koje ima svatko u kući – alkoholnim octom. Čim su osjetili miris octa počeli su bježati, dobro sam prskala  octom tu „cestu“ kojom su se kretali kao i njihovo stanište. Ponovila sam to idućih 2 – 3 dana i cijelo ljeto bila mirna.

Sljedeće godine, sredinom lipnja opet sam vidjela da su krenuli prema starom staništu, ponovila sam tretman alkoholnim octom i rezultat je bio isti, mravi su nestali. Još sam posipala prahom buhača, za svaki slučaj. Mravi su otišli negdje drugdje gdje ne smetaju.

Informacije sastavili Nada Kozulić, Nicholas Haas i Vivian Grisogono, 2022.

Prijevod: Josip Vlainić

 

Nalazite se ovdje: Home članci o zdravlju Priroda zna bolje! Mravi i humano rješenje

Novosti: Ekologija.hr

  • Council leaders say crumbling infrastructure and lack of water are jeopardising government’s plans for new homes

    The government’s housebuilding agenda is hitting the stark reality of a lack of water and crumbling infrastructure across the east and south-east of England.

    Half the country was declared to be in serious drought this week, for the second consecutive year, with the Environment Agency warning of dire consequences for the economy, environment and wildlife.

    Continue reading...

  • Farms and rooftop panels contribute 14.4% to the grid – and figures reveal a surge in new installations

    Solar energy supplied more power to Great Britain’s grid in July than in any previous month as households turned to rooftop panels to cut their energy bills.

    Solar farms and rooftop panels provided 14.4% of the country’s electricity after some parts of the UK recorded almost twice the average sunshine hours for the time of year.

    Continue reading...

  • Visible impact of warming climate is impossible to ignore across landscapes that have been starved of rainfall

    Half of England and the whole of Wales are officially in drought and July is set to be the driest month on record as extreme heat intensified by the climate crisis continues to grip the UK and Europe this summer.

    The announcements this week by England’s Environment Agency and Natural Resources Wales mark the third such event over the past five years, and come in the wake of four record-breaking heatwaves since May which have fuelled huge wildfires and left farmers, wildlife and protected habitats running out of water.

    Continue reading...

  • PM has long history of speaking out on realities of global heating but political opponents remain unnmoved

    Just over four years ago, Spain’s prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, visited a small town in the south-western region of Extremadura that had been affected by one of the wildfires devouring tens of thousands of hectares of land across the country.

    That summer’s blazes had left two people dead in the northern region of Castilla y León and another man there fatally burned after the excavator he was using to try to dig a firebreak to protect his town was swallowed up by the flames. A street-sweeper in Madrid had collapsed and died from heatstroke while on shift in soaring temperatures that summer. The paramedics who tried to save him noted that his body temperature was 41.6C (107F).

    Continue reading...

  • Alfred Drummond-Herdman’s extraordinary timelapses have been viewed by millions – and led him to identify new species

    Alfred Drummond-Herdman is possibly the only person in the UK who is sent animal faeces in the post out of goodwill. His bedroom in Edinburgh is full of the stuff: clothes have been removed from his wardrobe and cupboards, replaced with terrariums and plastic containers housing sections of cowpats, grouse droppings and rabbit pellets.

    “I have a very understanding housemate,” he says.

    Continue reading...

  • Heat and drought have affected shipping, power plants and tourism across eastern Europe – as well as unearthing some surprises

    Baking temperatures and drought across large swathes of central and eastern Europe have driven water levels on the Danube and Rhine rivers to record lows in some areas, hitting shipping, energy production and tourism hard.

    Extreme conditions aggravated by the climate emergency left Europe’s waterways from the Netherlands to the Black Sea parched, triggering compounding crises.

    Continue reading...

  • Emergency crews say situation remains ‘dynamic’ as more than 100 firefighters battle Dunwich Heath blaze

    A wildfire near Britain’s biggest nuclear power station has caused “total devastation” to one of the UK’s most important landscapes, as fire crews said the situation remained “dynamic”.

    More than 100 firefighters have been battling the blaze on Dunwich Heath, near Leiston, on the Suffolk coast since Wednesday evening. The fire service said on Friday afternoon the situation was stabilising but remained a “major incident” that was “dynamic and potentially changeable”.

    Continue reading...

  • Experts say new power to bypass conservation and planning regulations are incredibly broad and could let the state effectively fast-track any project it wants

    Matt Wood gives Neville a pat behind his ear – as if the one-tonne Droughtmaster bull were an oversized labrador puppy – while his wife, Caitlin, watches hundreds of pasture-fed hens scratch beneath old macadamia trees her dad planted.

    Their talk is of building their regenerative agricultural operation amid the rainforests at the top of Springbrook mountain: adding goats to control fireweed and maremma to protect their chooks from wedge-tailed eagles and letting wild trees grow.

    Continue reading...

  • In the 1990s, scientists in Australia began searching for the origins of a new disease showing up in places hundreds of kilometres apart. They discovered the origin: bats. And found a way to reduce the risk of bat disease spillovers

    The virus could have appeared in many places on the east coast, but it is a strange coincidence, in the light of later scientific discoveries, that it first became known in the Brisbane suburb of Hendra. The high school is named Aviation High, and the streets are bordered by the international airport and aerospace buildings to the east.

    Hendra today is a booming suburb just off the M1 motorway, but for much of the 20th century the neat rows of houses enjoyed pastoral space on the outskirts of the city. When the Eagle Farm Racecourse was built, Hendra became the horse-racing hub of south-east Queensland. It was common to see horse floats parked out the front of the houses, and trainers walking their horses down the streets before daybreak. Over time, the ample paddocks filled with thoroughbreds reared for the tracks. It was in one of these paddocks, in September 1994, that a heavily pregnant bay mare named Drama Series took ill. She was quickly moved to a nursing stable, where she died of a mystery condition.

    Continue reading...

  • Volunteers painstakingly gather plastic pellets washing up on beaches after ship collision on 19 July

    “You’ve got a local community that really cares about the coastline,” said Alice Laverty, reflecting on the huge army of volunteers who had taken to crisis-hit beaches in north-east England with passion and only the most basic tools. “They’ve all got a dustpan, a brush, a bucket, a kitchen sieve.”

    On beaches from Cambois in Northumberland to Seaburn on Wearside, up to 2,000 dedicated volunteers have been painstakingly sifting through sand to find tiny, lentil-sized pellets of plastic.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com