1. INSECTICIDAL PROUCTS AND THEIR POSSIBLE HAZARDS

C IPEX 10E (cypermethrin) MIZ approved 26.04.2012. but no longer on the approved list from 2022 onwards. Used for fogging on Hvar around Hvar Town, Stari Grad and the Jelsa Municipality in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.

Hazard warnings

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

CYMINA ULTRA (cypermethrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide) MIZ approved 04.02.2011. Used in: Općina Slavonski Šamac 09.05.2018.; Grad Lepoglava 2.-4.07.2025.; Općina Slavonski Šamac 15.07.2024.; Općina Murter 23.07.2025.; Supetar 13.08.2025.

Hazard warnings

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

H315 Causes skin irritation.

H318 Causes serious eye damage.

H319 Causes serious eye irritation.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness.

H351 Suspected of causing cancer.

H371 May cause damage to organs.

H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

CYTROL 10-4 ULV (cypermethrin, piperonyl butoxide) MIZ approved 15.01.2020. Used in: Općina Šodolovci 03.06.2025.; Grad Valpovo 2024.; Općina Popovac 10.06.2023.; Općina Crnac 12.06.2023.; Općina Bizovac, 26.05.2023. Općina Gornja Vrba 24.06.2023.

Hazard warnings:

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

H315 Causes skin irritation.

H318 Causes serious eye damage.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness.

H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. za vodeni okoliš s dugotrajnim učincima.

MICROFLY (cypermethrin) MIZ approved 02.10.2009. no longer authorized as from 2022. Used on Hvar around Hvar Town, Stari Grad and the Jelsa Municipality in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.

Hazard Warnings::

R20/22 - Harmful if inhaled and swallowed.

R37 - May cause respiratory irritation.

R50/53 – Very toxic to aquatic life. Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

MUHOMOR AZ (azamethiphos) MIZ approved 20.05.2014. Used on Hvar in 2017, 2018 and 2019.

NEOPITROID PREMIUM (permethrin, d-trans allethrin, piperonyl butoxide). MIZ: approved 05.07.2011, no longer authorized from 2022 onwards. Used in: Općina Gunja, Vrbanja i Drenovci 11.. 12., 13.06.2014. from the air; Općina Bilje, edges of Kopački rit, outer edges of Osijek from the air: June 2019.; Velika Gorica, Velika Mlaka, Gradići 16.06.2021.; Općina Lovas, Općina Tompojevci, from the air: 21.06.2021.; O pćina Jelsa 20.06.2025.; Općina Jelsa 23.07.2025., Općina Jelsa 25.08.2025.

Hazard Warnings:

H302: Harmful if swallowed.

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.

H315: Causes skin irritation.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H318: Causes serious eye damage.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation.

H332: Harmful if inhaled.

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

NEOPITROID PREMIUM PLUS (permethrin, prallethrin, piperonyl butoxide) MIZ approved 29.06.2022. Used in: Općina Šodovolci 07.06.2025. from the air; Općina Popovac 10.06.2023.; Općina Crnac 12.06.2023.; Općina Šodolovci from the air: 21.06.2023.

Hazard Warnings:

H302: H armful if swallowed.

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.

H315: Causes skin irritation.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H318: Causes serious eye damage.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation.

H331: Toxic if inhaled.

H332: Harmful if inhaled.

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

PERMEX 22E (permethrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide) MIZ approved 26.04.2012. Used on Hvar, eg around Hvar Town on 28.09.2017.

Hazard Warnings:

H226 Flammable liquid and vapor.

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H315 Causes skin irritation.

H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H318 Causes serious eye damage.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410:Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

H413 May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.

AMPLAT (cypermethrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide) MOZ approved 11.03.2010. Used in: Općina Bilje 22.05.2023.; Općina Popovac 10.06.2023.; Općina Crnac 12.06.2023.;

Hazard warnings:

H351 Suspected of causing cancer.

H371 May cause damage to organs.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

PHOBI AURODIL SUPER PB+ (permethrin, prallethrin, piperonyl butoxide). MIZ approved 09.02.2022. Used in: Općina Cestica 11.08.2022.; Općina Vinica 05.09.2024.; Grad Varaždin 18.08.-21.08.2025.

Hazard Warnings:

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.

EUH066 Repeated exposure may cause drying or splitting of the skin.

H315 Causes skin irritation.

H318 Causes serious eye damage.

H331 Toxic if inhaled.

H226 Flammable liquid and vapor.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness.

H312 Harmful in contact with the skin.

H319 Causes serious eye irritation.

CYPERBASE (cypermethrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide). MIZ approved 24.03.2014. Used in: Općina Slavonski Šamac 09.05.2018.; Općina Slavonski Šamac 15.07.2024.; Općina Sibinj 23.07.2024.; Rogotin - Ploče 2025.

Hazard warnings:

H351 Suspected of causing cancer.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H371 May cause damage to organs.

H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

TWENTY 1 WP (azamethiphos) MIZ approved 21.04.2011. Used in: Općina Jelsa 23.07.2025., Općina Jelsa 25.08.2025.

Hazard Warnings:

R 22 Harmful if swallowed.

R 36 Causes eye irritation.

R 43 May cause sensitization in contact with the skin.

R 50 Very toxic to aquatic life.

2. POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECTS AND APPROVAL STATUS OF THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN THE BIOCIDES USED

Note: For further scientific evidence please refer to our article 'Pesticides and their aadverse effects'.

AZAMETHIPHOS organophosphate pesticide

EU: not approved (Regulation 2002); ECHA: under evaluation for several years, no approved products as at 10.01.2026.

Azamethiphos possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; toxic to birds; acutely toxic to humans if swallowed or inhaled; can cause headache, weakness, nervousness, sweating, vomiting and difficulty swallowing. Exposure to extremely high levels may result in muscular twitching, eye pain, slurred speech, colic, hyper-salivation, heart complaints, breathing difficulties, convulsions and unconsciousness; also causes eye and skin irritation on contact.

CYPERMETHRIN, synthetic pyrethroid. EU approved 01.02.2022.-31.01.2029 on condition that it is not used when plants of any kind are in flower (legislation 24/11/2021); ECHA approved 01.06.2020.-31.05.2030.

Cypermethrin Safety Data Sheet. 15.10.2024.

Hazard Warnings:

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H335.May cause respiratory irritation.

H373 May cause damage to organs (nervous system) through prolonged or repeated exposure.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life, with long lasting effects.

Cypermethrin overall possible adverse effects: very toxic to cats, bees, earthworms, aquatic insects and fish, highly toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; harmful to a lesser degree to birds.; in humans, classified as a possible cause of cancer; can cause organ damage, skin numbness or burning, respiratory irritation, loss of bladder control, vomiting, loss of co-ordination, coma, seizures, and death; probable reproduction/developmental toxin.

The ECHA committee for Biocidal Products concluded that in their opinion Cypermethrin posed unacceptable risks outdoors for surface water, ground water, sediment and soil (2.1.c. p8) ; "Unacceptable risks were identified for environment for surface application via spraying indoors (except for the use described above) and for outdoor use for all applications." (p9)

18.12.2025. In the case brought by Pesticides Action Network Europe (PAN-e) against the European Commission, the European Court (Fourth Chamber) found in favour of PAN-e, ruling that the Commission's re-approval of cypermethrin was unlawful. The text of the judgement is available in French, (also Danish and Maltese); it has not yet been translated to English.

D-TRANS ALLETHRIN, (ESBIOTHRIN), s ynthetic pyrethroid.

EU: not approved. ECHA: not approved, no related products listed.

EU: Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/08 of 28 January 2021:

(5) According to that opinion, biocidal products of product-type 18 containing esbiothrin may not be expected to meet the criteria laid down in Article 19(1)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 as the human health risk assessment identified unacceptable risks.

(6) Taking into account the opinion of the Agency, the Commission considers it not appropriate to approve esbiothrin for use in biocidal products of product-type 18..

Esbiothrin Safety Data Sheet 20.09.2025.

Hazard Warnings:

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

PERMETHRIN, synthetic pyrethroid. EU: banned because of unacceptable risks to the aquatic environment (EU Decision 27.12.2000) Europska Commission Review Report, 13th July 2000: "Based on the information available and the proposed conditions of use it was further concluded that a risk to aquatic organisms exposed to permethrin cannot be excluded. In conclusion from the assessments made on the basis of the submitted information, no plant protection products containing the active substance concerned is expected to satisfy in general the requirements laid down in Article 5 (1) (a) and (b) of Council Directive 91/414/EEC."

ECHA: approved 01.05.2016.-30.04.2026.

Permethrin Safety Data Sheet 10.03.2025.

Hazard warnings:

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H332 Harmful if inhaled.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Permethrin overall possible adverse effects: highly toxic to bees, sea organisms, fish; poisonous to cats, also other animals; in humans: classified as a potential carcinogen; linked to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; can cause neurological damage, also problems in the immune and endocrine systems.

PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE Active biocide (previously classified as a synergist)

ECHA: approved 01/07/2018-30/06/2028.

ECHA Assessment Report January 2017

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

H351 Suspected of causing cancer.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life, with long lasting effects.

Piperonyl Butoxide Safety Data Sheet 16.12.2025.

Hazard Warnings.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

H319 Causes serious eye irritation.

H335 May cause respiratory irritation.

Piperonyl Butoxide overall possible adverse effects: very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects; may cause birth defects, including holoprosencephaly (HPE); may delay mental development in infants; animal studies show possible damage, including tumours, in mice and rats.

PRALLETHRIN, synthetic pyrethroid

EU: not approved. ECHA: under evaluation for several years, approval announced in advance, from 01.03.2026 to 29.02.2036. No authorized biocides listed, 08.01.2026.

Prallethrin Safety Data Sheet 23.12.2025

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H331 Toxic if inhaled.

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Prallethrin Safety Data Sheet 13.01.2023

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H331 Toxic if inhaled.

H350 Suspected of causing cancer.

Prallethrin Safety Data Sheet 15.06.2020

H302 Harmful if swallowed

H331 Toxic if inhaled

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

ECHA Draft Competent Authority Report: Prallethrin, April 2024. (pp 21-25)

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.

H370 Causes damage to the nervous system.

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects..

TETRAMETHRIN, synthetic pyrethroid. EU: not approved, (Commission Regulation 2076/2002). ECHA: under evaluation for along time, no approved products, 10.01.2026.

T etramethrin safety data sheet

Hazard warnings:

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H351 Suspected of causing cancer.

H371 May cause damage to organs.

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Tetramethrin overall possible adverse effects: potential human carcinogen, also can cause dizziness, breathing difficulties, coughing, eye irritation, gastrointestinal upset, blisters and skin rashes; extremely toxic to bees and aquatic organisms, including fish and aquatic invertebrates.

List compiled January - February 2026